Computer Games IISpringer New York, 1988 M06 24 - 546 páginas Long before the advent of the electronic computer, man was fascinated by the idea of automating the thought processes employed in playing games of skill. The very first chess "Automaton" captured the imagination oflate eighteenth century Vienna, and by the early 1900s there was a genuine machine that could play the chess endgame of king and rook against a lone king. Soon after the invention of the computer, scientists began to make a serious study of the problems involved in programming a machine to play chess. Within a decade this interest started to spread, first to draughts (checkers) and later to many other strategy games. By the time the home computer was born, there had already been three decades of research into computer games. Many of the results of this research were published, though usually in publications that are extremely difficult (or even impossible for most people) to find. Hence the present volumes. Interest in computers and programming has now reached into almost every home in the civilized world. Millions of people have regular access to computers, and most of them enjoy playing games. In fact, approximately 80 percent of all software sold for use on personal computers is games software. |
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Página 148
... tree , we maximize values of Black turns and minimize values of White turns . We compute upwards from the bottom of the tree . This is possible since the game tree is finite . By a " Black Branch " we mean one which arises from a Black ...
... tree , we maximize values of Black turns and minimize values of White turns . We compute upwards from the bottom of the tree . This is possible since the game tree is finite . By a " Black Branch " we mean one which arises from a Black ...
Página 167
... Game Trees for Tiny Boards We illustrate the rules we have adopted , and some of the alternatives , by discussing the game tree for the tiniest boards . Figure 10 shows the trivial game tree for 1 × 1 Go . Note the format of the figure ...
... Game Trees for Tiny Boards We illustrate the rules we have adopted , and some of the alternatives , by discussing the game tree for the tiniest boards . Figure 10 shows the trivial game tree for 1 × 1 Go . Note the format of the figure ...
Página 464
... Game We will first consider the case of a two - level game tree for a fill - move , i.e. , a game tree consisting of a player's move and his opponent's reply . After V ( x ) and V ( + ) have been computed , each player , in his turn ...
... Game We will first consider the case of a two - level game tree for a fill - move , i.e. , a game tree consisting of a player's move and his opponent's reply . After V ( x ) and V ( + ) have been computed , each player , in his turn ...
Contenido
by ALAN M STANIER | 12 |
by ALAN M STANIER | 21 |
CHAPTER 3 | 32 |
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Términos y frases comunes
5-pattern abcdefgh adjacent algorithm analysis artificial intelligence basic block board position board situation branch branching factor called capture chess color complete components computer chess Computer Go configuration considered corner data structure decision described discs dominoes draw edge endgame evaluation function example expert Figure game tree games played given Go game Go player Go program Go-Moku goal Gopal half-moves Hand 2 Hand heuristic high-card points human players IAGO IAGO's initial Jonathan Cerf joseki learning legal moves lens linkage list of subgoals look-ahead machine minimax Move number msec node opponent opponent's optimal Othello pair pass perception pieces points poker possible moves problem REVERSI routine rules Santa Cruz Open schema score selection sequence square stable strand strategy string tactical techniques territory Theorem tournament Trick tsumego update vacant weighting factors winning