square mile area in the Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana and Texas suffers from hypoxia; "(8) according to some scientists, a factor believed to cause hypoxia is excessive nutrient loading into coastal waters; "(9) there is a need to identify more workable and effective actions to reduce nutrient loadings to coastal waters; "(10) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, through its ongoing research, education, grant, and coastal resource management programs, possesses a full range of capabilities necessary to support a near and long-term comprehensive effort to prevent, reduce, and control harmful algal blooms and hypoxia; "(11) funding for the research and related programs of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will aid in improving the Nation's understanding and capabilities for addressing the human and environmental costs associated with harmful algal blooms and hypoxia; and "(12) other Federal agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Agriculture, and the National Science Foundation, along with the States, Indian tribes, and local governments, conduct important work related to the prevention, reduction, and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia. "SEC. 603. ASSESSMENTS. "(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF INTER-AGENCY TASK FORCE.— The President, through the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources of the National Science and Technology Council, shall establish an Inter-Agency Task Force on Harmful Algal Blooms and Hypoxia (hereinafter referred to as the "Task Force'). The Task Force shall consist of the following representatives from "(1) the Department of Commerce (who shall serve as Chairman of the Task Force); "(2) the Environmental Protection Agency; "(6) the Department of Health and Human Services; “(8) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; "(9) the Food and Drug Administration; "(10) the Office of Science and Technology Policy; "(11) the Council on Environmental Quality; and "(12) such other Federal agencies as the President considers appropriate. "(b) ASSESSMENT OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS. "(1) Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this title [Nov. 13, 1998], the Task Force, in cooperation with the coastal States, Indian tribes, and local governments, industry (including agricultural organizations), academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations with expertise in coastal zone management, shall complete and submit to the Congress an assessment which examines the ecological and economic consequences of harmful algal blooms, alternatives for reducing, mitigating, and controlling harmful algal blooms, and the social and economic costs and benefits of such alternatives. "(2) The assessment shall— "(A) identify alternatives for preventing unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal agencies and departments with respect to harmful algal blooms; and "(B) provide for Federal cooperation and coordination with and assistance to the coastal States, Indian tribes, and local governments in the prevention, reduction, management, mitigation, and control of harmful algal blooms and their environmental and public health impacts. "(c) ASSESSMENT OF HYPOXIA.— "(1) Not later than 12 months after the date of the enactment of this title [Nov. 13, 1998], the Task Force, in cooperation with the States, Indian tribes, local governments, industry, agricultural, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations with expertise in watershed and coastal zone management, shall complete and submit to the Congress an assessment which examines the ecological and economic consequences of hypoxia in United States coastal waters, alternatives for reducing, mitigating, and controlling hypoxia, and the social and economic costs and benefits of such alternatives. "(2) The assessment shall— "(A) establish needs, priorities, and guidelines for a peer-reviewed, inter-agency research program on the causes, characteristics, and impacts of hypoxia; "(B) identify alternatives for preventing unnecessary duplication of effort among Federal agencies and departments with respect to hypoxia; and "(C) provide for Federal cooperation and coordination with and assistance to the States, Indian tribes, and local governments in the prevention, reduction, management, mitigation, and control of hypoxia and its environmental impacts. "(e)[(d)] DISESTABLISHMENT OF TASK FORCE.-The President may disestablish the Task Force after submission of the plan in section 604(d) [604(b)]. "SEC. 604. NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO HYPOXIA. "(a) ASSESSMENT REPORT.-Not later than May 30, 1999, the Task Force shall complete and submit to Congress and the President an integrated assessment of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico that examines: the distribution, dynamics, and causes; ecological and economic consequences; sources and loads of nutrients transported by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico; effects of reducing nutrient loads; methods for reducing nutrient loads; and the social and economic costs and benefits of such methods. "(b) SUBMISSION OF A PLAN.-No later than March 30, 2000, the President, in conjunction with the chief executive officers of the States, shall develop and submit to Congress a plan, based on the integrated assessment submitted under subsection (a), for reducing, mitigating, and controlling hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In developing such plan, the President shall consult with State, Indian tribe, and local governments, academic, agricultural, industry, and environmental groups and representatives. Such plan shall include incentive-based partnership approaches. The plan shall also include the social and economic costs and benefits of the measures for reducing, mitigating, and controlling hypoxia. At least 90 days before the President submits such plan to the Congress, a summary of the proposed plan shall be published in the Federal Register for a public comment period of not less than 60 days. "SEC. 605. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. "There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Commerce for research, education, and monitoring activities related to the prevention, reduction, and control of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia, $15,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $18,250,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $19,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, to remain available until expended. The Secretary shall consult with the States on a regular basis regarding the development and implementation of the activities authorized under this section. Of such amounts for each fiscal year "(1) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 1999, $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 may be used to enable the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out research and assessment activities, including procurement of necessary research equipment, at research laboratories of the National Ocean Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service; "(2) $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $5,500,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $5,500,000 for fiscal year 2001 may be used to carry out the Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) project under the Coastal Ocean Program established under section 201(c) of Public Law 102-567 [106 Stat. 4280]; "(3) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 may be used by the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to carry out a peer-reviewed research project on management measures that can be taken to prevent, reduce, control, and mitigate harmful algal blooms; "(4) $5,500,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001 may be used to carry out Federal and State annual monitoring and analysis activities for harmful algal blooms administered by the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and "(5) $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $3,750,000 for fiscal year 2000, and $4,000,000 for fiscal year 2001 may be used for activities related to research and monitoring on hypoxia by the National Ocean Service and the Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "SEC. 606. PROTECTION OF STATES' RIGHTS. "(a) Nothing in this title shall be interpreted to adversely affect existing State regulatory or enforcement power which has been granted to any State through the Clean Water Act [33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.] or Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 [16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.]. "(b) Nothing in this title shall be interpreted to expand the regulatory or enforcement power of the Federal Government which has been delegated to any State through the Clean Water Act or Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972." FINDINGS AND PURPOSE OF COASTAL ZONE ACT Section 6202 of Pub. L. 101-508 provided that: "(a) FINDINGS.-Congress finds and declares the following: "(1) Our oceans, coastal waters, and estuaries constitute a unique resource. The condition of the water quality in and around the coastal areas is significantly declining. Growing human pressures on the coastal ecosystem will continue to degrade this resource until adequate actions and policies are implemented. "(2) Almost one-half of our total population now lives in coastal areas. By 2010, the coastal population will have grown from 80,000,000 in 1960 to 127,000,000 people, an increase of approximately 60 percent, and population density in coastal counties will be among the highest in the Nation. "(3) Marine resources contribute to the Nation's economic stability. Commercial and recreational fishery activities support an industry with an estimated value of $12,000,000,000 a year. "(4) Wetlands play a vital role in sustaining the coastal economy and environment. Wetlands support and nourish fishery and marine resources. They also protect the Nation's shores from storm and wave damage. Coastal wetlands contribute an estimated $5,000,000,000 to the production of fish and shellfish in the United States coastal waters.. Yet, 50 percent of the Nation's coastal wetlands have been destroyed, and more are likely to decline in the near future. "(5) Nonpoint source pollution is increasingly recognized as a significant factor in coastal water degradation. In urban areas, storm water and combined sewer overflow are linked to major coastal problems, and in rural areas, run-off from agricultural activities may add to coastal pollution. "(6) Coastal planning and development control measures are essential to protect coastal water quality, which is subject to continued ongoing stresses. Currently, not enough is being done to manage and protect our coastal resources. "(7) Global warming results from the accumulation of man-made gases, released into the atmosphere from such activities as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and the production of chlorofluorocarbons, which trap solar heat in the atmosphere and raise temperatures worldwide. Global warming could result in significant global sea level rise by 2050 resulting from ocean expansion, the melting of snow and ice, and the gradual melting of the polar ice cap. Sea level rise will result in the loss of natural resources such as beaches, dunes, estuaries, and wetlands, and will contribute to the salinization of drinking water supplies. Sea level rise will also result in damage to properties, infrastructures, and public works. There is a growing need to plan for sea level rise. "(8) There is a clear link between coastal water quality and land use activities along the shore. State management programs under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.) are among the best tools for protecting coastal resources and must play a larger role, particularly in improving coastal zone water quality. "(9) All coastal States should have coastal zone management programs in place that conform to the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended by this Act. "(b) PURPOSE.-It is the purpose of Congress in this subtitle [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] to enhance the effectiveness of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 [16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.] by increasing our understanding of the coastal environment and expanding the ability of State coastal zone management programs to address coastal environmental problems." ESTABLISHMENT OF POSITIONS AND FIXING OF COMPENSATION BY SECRETARY OF COMMERCE; APPOINTMENTS Section 15(c) of Pub. L. 94-370 related to establishment and compensation of four new positions without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 99-272, title VI, § 6045(3), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 127. TERRITORIAL SEA OF UNITED STATES For extension of territorial sea of United States, see Proc. No. 5928, set out as a note under section 1331 of Title 43, Public Lands. § 1452. Congressional declaration of policy The Congress finds and declares that it is the national policy (1) to preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, to restore or enhance, the resources of the Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations; (2) to encourage and assist the states to exercise effectively their responsibilities in the coastal zone through the development and implementation of management programs to achieve wise use of the land and water resources of the coastal zone, giving full consideration to ecological, cultural, historic, and esthetic values as well as the needs for compatible economic development, which programs should at least provide for (A) the protection of natural resources, including wetlands, flood plains, estuaries, beaches, dunes, barrier islands, coral reefs, and fish and wildlife and their habitat, within the coastal zone, (B) the management of coastal development to minimize the loss of life and property caused by improper development in flood-prone, storm surge, geological hazard, and erosion-prone areas and in areas likely to be affected by or vulnerable to sea level rise, land subsidence, and saltwater intrusion, and by the destruction of natural pro tective features such as beaches, dunes, wetlands, and barrier islands, (C) the management of coastal development to improve, safeguard, and restore the quality of coastal waters, and to protect natural resources and existing uses of those waters. (D) priority consideration being given to coastal-dependent uses and orderly processes for siting major facilities related to national defense, energy, fisheries development, recreation, ports and transportation, and the location, to the maximum extent practicable, of new commercial and industrial developments in or adjacent to areas where such development already exists, (E) public access to the coasts for recreation purposes, (F) assistance in the redevelopment of deteriorating urban waterfronts and ports, and sensitive preservation and restoration of historic, cultural, and esthetic coastal features, (G) the coordination and simplification of procedures in order to ensure expedited governmental decisionmaking for the management of coastal resources, (H) continued consultation and coordination with, and the giving of adequate consideration to the views of, affected Federal agencies, (I) the giving of timely and effective notification of, and opportunities for public and local government participation in, coastal management decisionmaking, (J) assistance to support comprehensive planning, conservation, and management for living marine resources, including planning for the siting of pollution control and aquaculture facilities within the coastal zone, and improved coordination between State and Federal coastal zone management agencies and State and wildlife agencies, and (K) the study and development, in any case in which the Secretary considers it to be appropriate, of plans for addressing the adverse effects upon the coastal zone of land subsidence and of sea level rise; and (3) to encourage the preparation of special area management plans which provide for increased specificity in protecting significant natural resources, reasonable coastal-dependent economic growth, improved protection of life and property in hazardous areas, including those areas likely to be affected by land subsidence, sea level rise, or fluctuating water levels of the Great Lakes, and improved predictability in governmental decisionmaking; (4) to encourage the participation and cooperation of the public, state and local governments, and interstate and other regional agencies, as well as of the Federal agencies having programs affecting the coastal zone, in carrying out the purposes of this chapter; (5) to encourage coordination and cooperation with and among the appropriate Federal, State, and local agencies, and international organizations where appropriate, in collection, analysis, synthesis, and dissemination coastal management information, research results, and technical assistance, to support State and Federal regulation of land use prac of tices affecting the coastal and ocean resources of the United States; and (6) to respond to changing circumstances affecting the coastal environment and coastal resource management by encouraging States to consider such issues as ocean uses potentially affecting the coastal zone. (Pub. L. 89-454, title III, §303, as added Pub. L. 92-583, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1281; amended Pub. L. 96-464, §3, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2060; Pub. L. 101-508, title VI, §6203(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-301; Pub. L. 102-587, title II, §2205(b)(2), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5050.) AMENDMENTS 1992-Par. (2). Pub. L. 102-587 made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 101-508, § 6203(b)(1). See 1990 Amendment note below. 1990-Par. (2). Pub. L. 101-508, § 6203(b)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 102-587, substituted "as well as the needs for compatible" for "as well as to needs for". Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 101-508, §6203(b)(2), substituted "likely to be affected by or vulnerable to sea level rise, land subsidence," for "of subsidence". Par. (2)(C) to (J). Pub. L. 101-508, §6203(b)(3), redesignated subpars. (C) to (I) as (D) to (J), respectively, and added subpar. (C). Par. (2)(K). Pub. L. 101-508, §6203(b)(4), added subpar. (K). Par. (3). Pub. L. 101-508, §6203(b)(5), inserted "including those areas likely to be affected by land subsidence, sea level rise, or fluctuating water levels of the Great Lakes," after "hazardous areas,". Pars. (5), (6). Pub. L. 101-508, § 6203(b)(6), added pars. (5) and (6). 1980-Pub. L. 96-464, in amending section generally, expanded declaration of policy to provide for higher level of protection for significant natural coastal resources and inserted provisions for special area management planning to increase predictability for necessary coastal-dependent economic growth, improve hazard mitigation, and improve predictability in government decisionmaking. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1455, 1455a, 1458 of this title; title 43 section 1337. § 1453. Definitions For purposes of this chapter (1) The term "coastal zone" means the coastal waters (including the lands therein and thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands (including the waters therein and thereunder), strongly influenced by each other and in proximity to the shorelines of the several coastal states, and includes islands, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands, and beaches. The zone extends, in Great Lakes waters, to the international boundary between the United States and Canada and, in other areas, seaward to the outer limit of State title and ownership under the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.), the Act of March 2, 1917 (48 U.S.C. 749) [48 U.S.C. 731 et seq.], the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, as approved by the Act of March 24, 1976 [48 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.], or section 1 of the Act of November 20, 1963 (48 U.S.C. 1705), as applicable. The zone extends inland from the shorelines only to the extent necessary to control shorelands, the uses of which have a direct and significant impact on the coastal waters, and to control those geographical areas which are likely to be affected by or vulnerable to sea level rise. Excluded from the coastal zone are lands the use of which is by law subject solely to the discretion of or which is held in trust by the Federal Government, its officers or agents. (2) The term "coastal resource of national significance" means any coastal wetland, beach, dune, barrier island, reef, estuary, or fish and wildlife habitat, if any such area is determined by a coastal state to be of substantial biological or natural storm protective value. (3) The term "coastal waters" means (A) in the Great Lakes area, the waters within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States consisting of the Great Lakes, their connecting waters, harbors, roadsteads, and estuarytype areas such as bays, shallows, and marshes and (B) in other areas, those waters, adjacent to the shorelines, which contain a measurable quantity or percentage of sea water, including, but not limited to, sounds, bays, lagoons, bayous, ponds, and estuaries. (4) The term "coastal state" means a state of the United States in, or bordering on, the Atlantic, Pacific, or Arctic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, or one or more of the Great Lakes. For the purposes of this chapter, the term also includes Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and American Samoa. (5) The term "coastal energy activity" means any of the following activities if, and to the extent that (A) the conduct, support, or facilitation of such activity requires and involves the siting, construction, expansion, or operation of any equipment or facility; and (B) any technical requirement exists which, in the determination of the Secretary, necessitates that the siting, construction, expansion, or operation of such equipment or facility be carried out in, or in close proximity to, the coastal zone of any coastal state; (i) Any outer Continental Shelf energy activity. (ii) Any transportation, conversion, treatment, transfer, or storage of liquefied natural gas. (iii) Any transportation, transfer, or storage of oil, natural gas, or coal (including, but not limited to, by means of any deepwater port, as defined in section 1502(10)1 of title 33). For purposes of this paragraph, the siting, construction, expansion, or operation of any equipment or facility shall be "in close proximity to" the coastal zone of any coastal state if such siting, construction, expansion, or operation has, or is likely to have, a significant effect on such coastal zone. (6) The term "energy facilities" means any equipment or facility which is or will be used primarily (A) in the exploration for, or the development, production, conversion, storage, 1 See References in Text note below. transfer, processing, or transportation of, any energy resource; or (B) for the manufacture, production, or assembly of equipment, machinery, products, or devices which are involved in any activity described in subparagraph (A). The term includes, but is not limited to (i) electric generating plants; (ii) petroleum refineries and associated facilities; (iii) gasification plants; (iv) facilities used for the transportation, conversion, treatment, transfer, or storage of liquefied natural gas; (v) uranium enrichment or nuclear fuel processing facilities; (vi) oil and gas facilities, including platforms, assembly plants, storage depots, tank farms, crew and supply bases, and refining complexes; (vii) facilities including deepwater ports, for the transfer of petroleum; (viii) pipelines and transmission facilities; and (ix) terminals which are associated with any of the foregoing. (6a) The term "enforceable policy" means State policies which are legally binding through constitutional provisions, laws, regulations, land use plans, ordinances, or judicial or administrative decisions, by which a State exerts control over private and public land and water uses and natural resources in the coastal zone. (7) The term "estuary" means that part of a river or stream or other body of water having unimpaired connection with the open sea, where the sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage. The term includes estuary-type areas of the Great Lakes. (8) The term “estuarine sanctuary” means a research area which may include any part or all of an estuary and any island, transitional area, and upland in, adjoining, or adjacent to such estuary, and which constitutes to the extent feasible a natural unit, set aside to provide scientists and students the opportunity to examine over a period of time the ecological relationships within the area. (9) The term "Fund" means the Coastal Zone Management Fund established under section 1456a(b) of this title. (10) The term "land use" means activities which are conducted in, or on the shorelands within, the coastal zone, subject to the requirements outlined in section 1456(g) of this title. (11) The term "local government" means any political subdivision of, or any special entity created by, any coastal state which (in whole or part) is located in, or has authority over, such state's coastal zone and which (A) has authority to levy taxes, or to establish and collect user fees, or (B) provides any public facility or public service which is financed in whole or part by taxes or user fees. The term includes, but is not limited to, any school district, fire district, transportation authority, and any other special purpose district or authority. (12) The term "management program" includes, but is not limited to, a comprehensive statement in words, maps, illustrations, or other media of communication, prepared and adopted by the state in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, setting forth objectives, policies, and standards to guide public and private uses of lands and waters in the coastal zone. (13) The term "outer Continental Shelf energy activity” means any exploration for, or any development or production of, oil or natural gas from the outer Continental Shelf (as defined in section 1331(a) of title 43) or the siting, construction, expansion, or operation of any new or expanded energy facilities directly required by such exploration, development, or production. (14) The term "person" means any individual; any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity organized or existing under the laws of any state; the Federal Government; any state, regional, or local government; or any entity of any such Federal, state, regional, or local government. (15) The term "public facilities and public services" means facilities or services which are financed, in whole or in part, by any state or political subdivision thereof, including, but not limited to, highways and secondary roads, parking, mass transit, docks, navigation aids, fire and police protection, water supply, waste collection and treatment (including drainage), schools and education, and hospitals and health care. Such term may also include any other facility or service so financed which the Secretary finds will support increased population. (16) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Commerce. (17) The term "special area management plan" means a comprehensive plan providing for natural resource protection and reasonable coastal-dependent economic growth containing a detailed and comprehensive statement of policies; standards and criteria to guide public and private uses of lands and waters; and mechanisms for timely implementation in specific geographic areas within the coastal zone. (18) The term "water use" means a use, activity, or project conducted in or on waters within the coastal zone. (Pub. L. 89-454, title III, §304, as added Pub. L. 92-583, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1281; amended Pub. L. 94-370, §3, July 26, 1976, 90 Stat. 1013; Pub. L. 96-464, §4, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2061; Pub. L. 101-508, title VI, §6204, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-302; Pub. L. 102-587, title II, §2205(b)(3)–(7), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5050, 5051.) REFERENCES IN TEXT The Submerged Lands Act, referred to in par. (1), is act May 22, 1953, ch. 65, 67 Stat. 29, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapters I and II (§§ 1301 et seq., 1311 et seq.) of chapter 29 of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1301 of Title 43 and Tables. Act of March 2, 1917, referred to in par. (1), is act Mar. 2, 1917, ch. 145, 39 Stat. 951, as amended, known as the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act and also as the Jones Act, which is classified principally to chapter 4 (§ 731 et seq.) of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. Section 8 of the Act is classified to section 749 of Title 48. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 731 of Title 48 and Tables. Act of March 24, 1976, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 94-241, Mar. 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 263, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1801 et seq.) of chapter 17 of Title 48. The Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America is set out as a note under section 1801 of Title 48. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Section 1 of the Act of November 20, 1963, referred to in par. (1), is section 1 of Pub. L. 88-183, Nov. 20, 1963, 77 Stat. 338, which was classified to section 1701 of Title 48, and was repealed by Pub. L. 93-435, §5, Oct. 5, 1974, 88 Stat. 1212. See section 1705 of Title 48. Section 1502 of title 33, referred to in par. (5)(iii), was subsequently amended, and section 1502(10) no longer defines the term "deepwater port". However, such term is defined elsewhere in that section. AMENDMENTS 1992-Par. (1). Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(3), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 101-508, § 6204(a). See 1990 Amendment note below. Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(5), struck out "the outer limit of" before "the outer limit of State title", and substituted "(48 U.S.C. 1705),” for “(48 U.S.C. 1705,". Par. (2). Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(6), substituted "The term" for "the term". Par. (6a). Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(4), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 101-508, §6204(b). See 1990 Amendment note below. Par. (9). Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(7), amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: "The term 'Fund' means the Coastal Energy Impact Fund established by section 1456a(h) of this title." 1990-Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–508, § 6204(a)(1), as amended by Pub. L. 102-587, § 2205(b)(3), inserted ", and to control those geographical areas which are likely to be affected by or vulnerable to sea level rise" before period at end of third sentence. Pub. L. 101-508, §6204(a)(2), as amended by Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(3), substituted "the outer limit of State title and ownership under the Submerged Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1301 et seq.), the Act of March 2, 1917 (48 U.S.C. 749), the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, as approved by the Act of March 24, 1976 (48 U.S.C. 1681 note), or section 1 of the Act of November 20, 1963 (48 U.S.C. 1705, as applicable." for "the United States territorial sea." at end of second sentence. Par. (6a). Pub. L. 101-508, § 6204(b), as amended by Pub. L. 102-587, §2205(b)(4), added par. (6a). Par. (18). Pub. L. 101-508, §6204(c), substituted "a use, activity, or project conducted in or on waters within the coastal zone" for "activities which are conducted in or on the water; but does not mean or include the establishment of any water quality standard or criteria or the regulation of the discharge or runoff of water pollutants except the standards, criteria, or regulations which are incorporated in any program as required by the provisions of section 1456(f) of this title". 1980-Pars. (2) to (4). Pub. L. 96-464, §4(1)-(3), added par. (2), redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), and in par. (4), as so redesignated, substituted "Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, and American Samoa" for "Guam and American Samoa". Former par. (4) redesignated (5). Pars. (5) to (16). Pub. L. 96-464, §4(1), redesignated pars. (4) to (15) as (15) to (16). Former par. (16) redesignated (17). Pars. (17), (18). Pub. L. 96–464, § 4(1), (4), (5), added par. (17) and redesignated former par. (17) as (18). 1976-Par. (1). Pub. L. 94-370, §3(1), redesignated par. (a) as (1), substituted "The term 'coastal'" for "Coastal'", and inserted "islands," after "and includes". Par. (2). Pub. L. 94-370, §3(2), redesignated par. (b) as (2), substituted "The term 'coastal'" for "Coastal'", “(A)” for “(1)”, and “(B)” for “(2)”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 94-370, §3(3), redesignated par. (c) as (3) and substituted "The term 'coastal'" for "Coastal'." |