Several of these congregations were formed in dif ferent parts of England by the writings and preaching of Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law of the Reverend John Glas, a Presbyterian clergyman in Scotland. Thus the Church in London was formed in 1760. In 1763 the congregation at Kirkby Stephen numbered between twenty and thirty persons. Sandeman ultimately went to America to make his views known, and he died there in 1771.

In 1728 Glas was deposed by the Presbyterian Church Courts, because he taught that the Church should be subjen to no legue for covenant, but be governed only by the doaring of Christ and Ha Apostles. He held that Chrichtig Lever was, for could be, the excited telgan duyan 29 A becoming the revere of vist 2 was won fra be tuted: that Chris Slant some to eat any wond! power, but to the & bige of wel de v grave to.

be made before the Church in public. The elders first, and afterwards the other members, ask such questions. as they think are necessary to satisfy the Church. Prayer is then offered up, a blessing is invoked upon the person received, and he is heartily welcomed and loved for the sake of the truth he has professed.

There must be a plurality of elders (presbyters or bishops) in each Church, and two must be present at every act of discipline. When a vacancy occurs, the elders suggest for election to the congregation one of its members who appears to answer the description of an elder in the New Testament. The election is made by the whole Church unanimously. Earnestness of feeling and sincerity of conviction are the sole requisites for the office, which is entirely unpaid.

With regard to other members of the large family that were born at Clapham Wood Hall, it is known that Faraday's uncle John had a quarry among the hills, and erected a shielding for the use of the men, which in some maps is marked as Faraday House, and the gill which runs by it, in the map of the Ordnance Survey of Westmoreland, is called Faraday Gill. His uncle Thomas was the father of Thomas Armat Faraday, who is now a draper and grocer at Clapham. His father James, who was a blacksmith, was married in 1786 to Margaret Hastwell, a farmer's daughter of Mallestang, near Kirkby Stephen. To James and Margaret Faraday four children were born:

James; born 1761, died 1810,
married 1786 Margaret
Hastwell, born 1764, died
1838.

Elizabeth, born 1787.
Robert, born 1788.

Michael, born 1791.

Margaret, born 1802.

James soon after his marriage came to London, and

1791.

Born.

lived at Newington, in Surrey, where his third child, Michael, was born on September 22, 1791. For a Sept. 22. short time his home was in Gilbert Street; but about 1796 he moved to rooms over a coach-house in Jacob's Well Mews, Charles Street, Manchester Square he

then worked as a journeyman at Boyd's in Welbeck Street. He joined the Sandemanian Church after he came to London. His wife, though one of the congregation, never became a member of the Church.

During the distress of 1801, when corn was above

1801.

91. the quarter, Michael, who was nine years old, was Er. 9-10. given by his parents one loaf weekly, and it had to last him for that time.

In 1807 James wrote to his brother Thomas at Clapham I am sorry to say I have not had the pleasure of enjoying one day's health for a long time. Although I am very seldom off work for a whole day together, yet I am under the necessity (through pain) of being from work part of almost every day.'

And then, after speaking of some Church matters, he says-But we, perhaps, ought to leave these matters to the overruling hand of Him who has a sovereign right to do what seemeth good to Him, both in the armies of heaven and amongst the inhabitants of the earth.'

On July 29, 1809, he wrote to the same brother— I never expect to be clear of the pain completely with which I am afflicted, yet I am glad to say that I am somewhat better than I formerly was.

We are about to remove very shortly, so that you will be good enough to direct your next as follows18 Weymouth Street, near Portland Place, London.’ There he died on October 30, 1810.

Faraday's mother died in Islington, in March 1838. She was very proud of her son; so much so, that Faraday asked his wife not to talk to his mother so much about him or his honours, saying she was quite proud enough of him, and it would not be good for her. Usually she called him "my Michael." She would do nothing whatever without his advice, and was quite contented and happy in being supported wholly by him in her declining years. She had not had any advantages of education, nor was she able to

enter at all into her son's pursuits. She was parti- 1803. cularly neat and nice in her household arrangements, Er.11-12. and exerted herself to the utmost for her husband and

children.'

The home of Michael Faraday was in Jacob's Well Mews from the time he was five years old until he went to Blandford Street. Very little is known of his life during these eight years. He himself has pointed out where he played at marbles in Spanish Place, and

where, at a later period, he took care of his little sister in Manchester Square. He says, 'My education was of the most ordinary description, consisting of little more than the rudiments of reading, writing, and arithmetic at a common day-school. My hours out of school were passed at home and in the streets.'