Rationale and Ethics of Freemasonry; or, The Masonic Institution a Means of Social and Industrial Progress, N. York, 1872, 12mo. 2. The Signet of King Solomon; or, The Freemason's Daughter, N. York, 1872, 12mo. With SAMUELS, E. A., The Living World: descriptive of the Races of Men and Species of Animals, &c. Illust. Bost., 1874, 4to.

Arnold, Cecil. Index to Shakespearean Thought: a Collection of Papers, 1880, 8vo.

Arnold, Charlotte. (Ed.) Tales of my Father's Friends, 1879, p. 8vo.

Arnold, Edmund S. F., M.D. Medical Provision for Railroads, N. York, 1863, 8vo.

Arnold, Edward A. Plain Politics for the Working Classes: collated, with especial permission, from Speeches and Letters of the Right Hon. Lord Randolph Churchill, M.P., Lon., 1885, 8vo.

Arnold, Sir Edwin, M.A., C.S.I., K.C.I.E., [ante, vol. i., add,] son of Robert Coles Arnold, and brother of Robert Arthur Arnold, infra, b. 1832, and educated at King's School, Rochester, at King's College, London, and at University College, Oxford, where he gained the Newdigate prize in 1852 for his English poem on the "Feast of Belshazzar." He graduated with honors in 1854, and became assistant master in King Edward the Sixth's School at Birmingham, but was soon afterwards

appointed principal of the Government Sanscrit College at Patna, Bombay Presidency, India, and Fellow of the University of Bombay. He remained in India till 1861, when he returned to England and became connected with the London Daily Telegraph, of which he was for many years editor, and in which his articles, particularly those written at the time of the Russo-Turkish war, attracted much attention. He was made a Companion of the Star of India on the occasion of the proclamation of Queen Victoria as Empress of India in 1877, and received the second class of the imperial order of the Medjidie from the Sultan in 1876. He is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic and Royal Geographical Societies. As only three of his earliest books are mentioned in vol. i., a full list is here given: 1. The Feast of Belshazzar: a Prize Poem, Oxford, 1852, 8vo. 2. Poems, Narrative and Lyrical, Oxford, 1853, 12mo. 3. Griselda, a Tragedy, and other Poems, 1856, fp. 8vo. 4. The Wreck of the Northern Belle, [poem,] 1857, 8vo. 5. Education in India: a Letter, 1860, 8vo. 6. The Book of Good Counsel from the Sanskrit of the Hitopadésa. By E. A. 1861, Svo. 7. History of the Administration of British India under the late Marquis of Dalhousie, Lon., 1862-64, 2 vols. 8vo.

quality to Christian rather than Buddhist springs is to be attributed the general air of the Gospel according to St. ception furnished it, in spite of its untrustworthiness as John which his poem has. . . . In spite of having its cona natural reproduction, and in spite of the rarity with which anything like distinct poetry is reached in it, it not only has passages of power and passages of beauty, but it is altogether an intellectual performance of marked ability."-Nation, xxix. 314.

14. Indian Poetry: containing a New Edition of the and other Oriental Poems, Lon., 1881; 3d ed., 1883, Indian Song of Songs, Two Books from the Mahábhárata,

cr. 8vo.

"In the present volume Mr. Arnold takes up new ground, half-way between the plough-field of translation and the mountain-tops of original song. It bears the impress of a mind impatient of technical details, but deeply ings of the East."-SIR W. W. HUNTER: Acad., XX. 81. imbued with the beautiful repose and the tender imagin

15. Pearls of the Faith; or, Islam's Rosary: being the Ninety-Nine Beautiful Names of Allah: with Comments in Verse from various Oriental Sources (as made by an Indian Mussulman), Lon., 1882, cr. 8vo; 3d ed., 1884; 4th ed., 1887.

"We cannot but lament that some of the noblest alle

gories and parables to be found in Asiatic literature have been here touched and spoiled by a writer who has shown himself capable of better things."-Ath., No. 2890. 16. Indian Idylls; from the Sanskrit of the Ma17. The Song Celestial; or, hâbhârata, 1883, p. 8vo. Bhagabad-Gîtâ, (from the Mahâbhârata :) being a Discourse between Arjuna, Prince of India, and the Supreme Being under the Form of Krishna. 2d ed., 1885, cr. 8vo. 18. The from the Sanskrit.

Translated

Secret of Death: being a Version in a Popular and Novel Form of the Katha Upanishad; from the San

skrit. With some Collected Poems.

ed. same year.

1885, cr. 8vo; 3d

19. India Revisited: with Additions

20.

22. With

from the Daily Telegraph, Lon., 1886, p. 8vo. Lotus and Jewel, 1887, cr. 8vo. (A volume of poems, of which the principal are In an Indian Temple, A Casket of Gems, and A Queen's Revenge.) 21. Death and Afterwards. From the Fortnightly Review: with Supplement. Lon., 1887, 12mo; 2d ed., 1888. Sa'di in the Garden; or, The Book of Love: being the "Ishk" or Third Chapter of the "Bostân" of the Persian Poet Sa'di. Embodied in a Dialogue held in the Garden of the Taj Mahal, at Agra. Lon., 1888, cr. 8vo. "In this volume Sir Edwin Arnold endeavours, by presenting a Persian paraphrase amid exquisitely appropriate surroundings, to render its charm intelligible to modern readers.

He has taken the Third Chapter of the 'Bostân,' or Fruit Garden, of Sa'di, and recited it by the mouth of a venerable Munshy amid a scene more lovely Sa'di himself,-the Taj by moonlight, that dream in marand more pathetic than ever entered the imagination of gleaming water, with the Mirza to read, and Saheb to listen, and two accomplished dancing-girls to enliven the performance by interludes of music and song. It would indeed be impossible to conceive a more appropriate setting for a poem of Love and Death."--SIR W. W. HUNTER: Acad., xxxv. 67.

"Sketchy and cursory as is the manner in which he runs over the chief epochs of Greek poetry, it is seldom that he overlooks a really representative poet, and there are not many books on the subject equally suited to those who have but leisure for a rapid survey."--Sat. Rev., xviii.

452.

10. (Trans.) Hero and Leander; from the Greek of Musæus, 1873, 4to. 11. The Indian Song of Songs; from the Sanskrit of the Gita Govinda of Jayadeva: with other Oriental Poems, Lon., 1875, 12mo.

"Though as in a shattered glass, darkly, yet, nevertheless, we do behold in some portions at least the reflection of a great poem."--Ath., No. 2507.

12. A Simple Transliteral Grammar of the Turkish Language; compiled from Various Sources: with Dialogues and Vocabulary, 1877, p. 8vo. 13. The Light of Asia; or, The Great Renunciation, (Mahâbhinshkramana :) being the Life and Teaching of Gautama, Prince of India, and Founder of Buddhism, as told in Verse by an Indian Buddhist, Lon., 1879, cr. 8vo; 4th ed., 1880; 46th ed., 1888. Illust. ed., 1884, 4to. "Nobody can say that this is not a poem,--an extremely readable one,-leaving on the mind a graphic and in most respects accurate picture of the legendary life of Siddartha and of his teachings from the stand-point of a disciple. It is a true poem as a whole, while, to speak somewhat paradoxically, there is not much poetry in any individual portion of it."--Spectator, lii. 1509.

"It is full of poetical merit, and its descriptions are often exceedingly beautiful. The structural influence of Mr. Tennyson's sequences upon every writer of blank verse is unavoidable; but sometimes his influence upon Mr. Arnold is more than that of mere structure."--Ath., No. 2072.

"To the fact that his devotion is traceable in kind and

23. Poems, National and Non-Oriental, selected from the Works of Sir Edwin Arnold, [with some new Pieces,] 1888, cr. 8vo. 24. Poetical Works, Lon., 1888, 8 vols. p. 8vo. 25. The Iliad and Odyssey of India, n. d., fp. 8vo. Pamph. 26. The Edwin Arnold Birthday Book: Selections from his Works, by his Daughters, Katharine L. and Constance Arnold, 1885, 18mo.

Arnold, Edwin Lester Linden, son of Sir Edwin Arnold. 1. A Summer Holiday in Scandinavia: with Preface by Edwin Arnold, Lon., 1877, p. 8vo. 2. On the Indian Hills; or, Coffee-Planting in Southern India, Lon., 1881, 2 vols. p. 8vo.

"The experiences Mr. Arnold has to relate are new to most English readers, and they could not be better told."Spectator, lv. 664.

3. Coffee its Cultivation and Profit, Lon., 1886, 8vo. 4. Bird Life in England, Lon., 1887, p. 8vo. 5. England as She Seems; from Notes of an Arab Hadji, Lon., 1888, p. 8vo.

"Arnold, Eric," (Pseud.) See MATSON, HENRIETTA, infra.

Arnold, Frank S. Discipline and Drill of the Militia, N. York, 1877, 12mo.

Arnold, Rev. Frederick, b. 1833, at Cheltenham: graduated at Christ Church, Oxford, 1860; ordained 1860; held curacies from 1862 to 1884. He has devoted himself chiefly to literature, contributing numerous articles to periodicals, and acting occasionally as a newspaper correspondent. For biog., see his Reminiscences, mentioned infra. 1. Alfred Leslie: a Story of Glasgow

lix. 753.

11. Three-Cornered Essays. By a Middle-Aged Englishman. New ed., Lon., 1886, p. 8vo. 12. Arm-Chair Essays, Lon., 1888, p. 8vo. 13. Reminiscences of a Literary and Clerical Life, Lon., 1889, 2 vols. cr. 8vo. Arnold, Frederick, F.R.H.S. The History of

Streatham: being an Account of the Ancient Parish of Estreham with the History of the Manors of Tooting Bec, Legham, and Balham. Illust. Lon., 1887, 8vo.

::

Arnold, Rev. Frederick Henry, M.A., LL.B., graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, 1859; ordained 1859; rector of Racton with Lordington 1863. 1. Petworth: a Sketch of its History and Antiquities, Petworth, 1864, 8vo. 2. Parochial History of Appledram, 1866. 3. Parochial History of Lordington and Racton, 1871. 4. Memoirs of Chichester in the Eighteenth Century, 1879-80, 2 vols. 5. History of Thorney Island, 1882. Arnold, George, 1834-1865, b. in New York City, but spent part of his early life in Illinois, and after 1849 resided mainly at Strawberry Farms, N.J. He studied art for a time in New York, but gave up that pursuit for literature, and contributed in prose and verse to Vanity Fair, the Leader, and other periodicals. 1. Drift: a Sea-Shore Idyl, Bost., 1866, sin. 4to. 2. Poems, Grave and Gay, Bost., 1867, sm. 4to. 3. Poems: edited, with Biographical Sketch, by William Winter, Bost., 1870,

12mo.

Arnold, George M. Brock. 1. T. Gainsborough and J. Constable, ("Great Artists" Series,) Lon., 1881, p. 8vo. 2. Robert Pocock, the Gravesend Historian, Naturalist, Antiquarian, Botanist, and Printer, Lon.,

1883, cr. 8vo.

Arnold, Henrietta and Charlotte. Village Lyrics, Lon., 1877, 8vo.

Arnold, Mrs. Henry. For Love of Gold: Novel, Lon., 1887, 2 vols. cr. 8vo.

a

Arnold, Howard Payson. 1. European Mosaics, Bost., 1864, 16mo. 2. The Great Exhibition, N. York, 1868, 16mo. 3. Gleanings from Pontresina and the Upper Engadine, Bost., 1880, 12mo.

Arnold, Isaac Newton, 1815-1884, b. at Hartwick, Otsego Co., New York, was admitted to the bar in 1835, and in 1836 removed to Chicago, where he resided during the remainder of his life, engaged in the practice of his profession and taking an active part in politics; was a member of Congress from 1861 to 1865, and had a prominent share in measures tending to the abolition of slavery; on his retirement from Congress was appointed an auditor of the United States Treasury. 1. History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow of Slavery, Chic., 1867, 8vo; new ed., revised and enlarged, under the title of Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1885.

"Mr. Arnold was an almost life-long friend of Mr. Lincoln.... Unfortunately, he was not content to confine himself to the facts of his own knowledge. In a general and rather discursive manner he writes a history of events, ... and thus traverses ground already gleaned to the last stubble."-Nation, xl. 125.

2. The Life of Benedict Arnold: his Patriotism and his Treason, Chic., 1879, 8vo.

"The writer may not intend the task of rehabilitating Arnold-scarce any one would be bold enough for that. Yet by enlarging on his good traits, by exaggerating his provocations, and shading away his faults of character, the biographer takes the attitude and produces the effect

IV.-4

Arnold, J. L., M.D. Medical Companion for Young Men: Laws of Physiology and Health, Cin., 1866, 12mo.

Arnold, Jane E. 1. (Trans.) Lyra Evangelica, by C. H. A. Malan. 2. The Interpreter's House, and What I Learned there, Lon., 1882, p. 8vo.

Arnold, Rev. John Muehleisen, D.D., was for some years a missionary in Asia and Africa, and subsequently chaplain to a hospital in London. 1. Ishmael; or, A Natural History of Islamism, and its Relation to Christianity, Lon., 1859, 8vo; 2d ed., with title The Koran and the Bible, 1866; 3d ed., with title Islam, its History, Character, &c., 1874.

"It is vexatious to think that the important cause he undertakes to advocate should have fallen into the hands of one who seems indeed to be a sage among books, but, a mere child among men and the circumstances of life around us."-Sat. Rev.

3.

2. English Biblical Criticism and the Pentateuch from a German Point of View; 2d ed., 1864, 8vo. Genesis and Science; or, The First Leaves of the Bible; 2d ed., 1875, 8vo.

Arnold, Julian T. Biddulph. Palms and Temples: a Four Months' Voyage upon the Nile, Lon., 1882, 8vo.

Arnold, L. B. American Dairying Manual, for Butter and Cheese Makers, Rochester, N.Y., 1876, 12mo. Arnold, M. E. The Painted Window: a Poem. By M. E. A. Lon., 1856.

He

Arnold, Miss M. J. Personal Recollections of Cardinal Wiseman: with other Memories, Lon., 1884, 12mo. Arnold, Matthew, LL.D., D.C.L., [ante, vol. i., add.,] 1822-1888, filled the chair of poetry at Oxford from 1857 to 1867, having been re-elected in 1862. continued to hold the inspectorship of schools, to which he had been appointed in 1851, till 1886, when he retired on a pension. In 1859 he visited France, Germany, and Holland as member of a commission appointed to inquire into the state of education on the Continent; in 1865 he again travelled officially, to report concerning the schools for the middle and upper classes in France and Germany; and shortly before his retirement he made a third visit of inspection to elementary schools on the Continent. He twice visited the United States,-first in 1883, when he delivered three lectures in the principal cities, and again in the summer of 1886, when he read a lecture on the subject of education on the Continent of Europe. His death occurred suddenly, of heart-disease, at Liverpool, on April 15, 1888. He was buried at his birthplace, Laleham, (not Satcham, as erroneously given ante, vol. i.,) near Staines, Middlesex.

Mr. Arnold's position throughout his later years was that of an ethical thinker and teacher, seeking not to construct a system, but to broaden the views and elevate the ideals of the educated classes in respect to literature, politics, religion, and the general scope and interests of life. His lectures at Oxford made a deep impression on his hearers, and as his influence extended to a wider circle it assumed somewhat of an authoritative character, giving rise to the designation often applied to him, of "the apostle of culture." It was, perhaps, the tone, rather than the substance, of his criticism which exercised a strong attraction, not unfelt by those who dissented from his opinions on many important topics. His advocacy of "sweetness and light" could not excite opposition even where it failed to enlist sympathy or exert an inspiring influence; his strictures on the narrowness and crudeness of much of our modern civilization, especially among the English-speaking race, though often expressed with a keen irony, might be combated as partial or defective as regarded insight and appreciation, without provoking resentment or being treated as the utterances of a splenetic and censorious spirit; and his death while his powers were still undiminished occasioned a general sense of loss, as of a voice with a charm peculiar to itself, which had never failed to reach the expectant ear amidst the noisiest discussions.

The following list of Mr. Arnold's publications includes five which are mentioned ante, vol. i. These, though comprised within the period between 1848 and 1857, embrace nearly all his poetical work. They were, however, preceded by two youthful productions, the

49.

earlier of which may be said to have been newly discovered.

1. Alaric at Rome: a Prize Poem, recited in Rugby, June xii, M.D.CCC.XL., Rugby, 1840, 8vo, pp. 11. Anon. See a letter from Mr. Edmund Gosse, April 28, 1888, (Athenæum, No. 3157,) who received Mr. Arnold's confirmation of his own suspicion as to the authorship of the poem in these words: "Yes, Alaric at Rome' is my Rugby prize poem, and I think it is better than my Oxford one, Cromwell,' only you will see that I had been very much reading Childe Harold' ;" and who adds, "The little book is certainly one of the greatest rarities of Victorian poetry. As the work of a boy of seventeen, it is remarkably accomplished, the versification is correct and even vigorous, the thoughts are not unworthy of the subject."

2. Cromwell: a Prize Poem, recited in the Theatre, Oxford, June 28, 1843, Oxford, 1843.

3. The Strayed Reveller, and other Poems, by A., Lon., 1849, cr. 8vo.

4. Empedocles on Etna, and other Poems, by the Author of "The Strayed Reveller," 1853, cr. 8vo. (These two volumes were withdrawn from circulation on the publication of the next, in which selections from them are included, and they have consequently become very rare.)

5. Poems, 1853, fp. 8vo; 2d ed., 1854; 3d ed., 1857. 6. Poems, Second Series, 1854, fp. 8vo. 7. Merope: a Tragedy, 1857, fp. 8vo; 2d ed., 1858. 8. England and the Italian Question, 1859, 8vo. 9. The Popular Education of France, with Notices of that of Holland and Switzerland, 1861, 8vo.

10. On Translating Homer: Three Lectures given at Oxford, 1861, cr. 8vo. See NEWMAN, F. W., infra, and Sat. Rev., xii. 95.

11. Last Words on Translating Homer: a Lecture,

1862, cr. 8vo.

12. A French Eton; or, Middle-Class Education and the State, 1864, cr. 8vo.

13. Essays in Criticism, 1865, fp. 8vo; 2d ed., 1869;

5th ed., 1886.

was full of lucid and valuable thoughts about education. His verse is a constant delight. In the present volume effect, for Mr. Arnold has got his public; but we cannot there are some wise words, and they will exert their full detect any sort of usefulness in its general purpose. ... Why scorn the rough and needful business of the hour, and the men who are content to do it? Unless we are to starve, Arnold; throw away your clumsy, ugly flail, and let us somebody must thresh the corn. Not at all, says Mr. set to work to make a fine steam-machine, which will be in perfect order in twenty years from now. If this is the result of culture, he may well call his book Culture and Anarchy, culture in the next generation and anarchy meanwhile. Only the anarchy would assuredly advance so much more rapidly that when culture arrived it would find all swept and garnished, and our last state would be ever so much worse than even this present."-Sat. Rev., xxvii. 318.

19. St. Paul and Protestantism: with an Introduction

on Puritanism and the Church of England, Lon., 1870, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1871; 3d ed., 1875.

remarks, and enough eloquence to make it a favourable example of the literary chaos in which we shall be plunged when everybody has all his faculties cultivated at once." Acad., i. 282.

"The book contains much common sense, many acute

20. Friendship's Garland: Conversations, Letters, etc., 1871, p. 8vo.

"He seems to us to be committing the blunder of descending to the level of those whom he attacks, or dropping the rapier, which he can use to perfection, for the commonplace cudgel, with which any clown may break his head." -Sat. Rev., xxxi. 314.

"It is short, slight, playful: the tone of good-humoured banter is scarcely ever dropped; but for keen, penetrating, social, political, religious, intellectual, there is no book of and yet just satire on our national faults and weaknesses, recent time at all comparable to it. It is perhaps the ablest, it is certainly one of the most characteristic, of Mr. Arnold's political writings."-LORD COLERIDGE: The New Review, i. 224.

of Israel's Restoration: Isaiah, chapters xl.-lxvi. Ar21. A Bible Reading for Schools: The Great Prophecy ranged and Edited for Young Learners. 1872, 18mo; 4th ed., 1875. See No. 25, infra.

Apprehension of the Bible, Lon., 1873; 5th ed., 1877,

22. Literature and Dogma: an Essay towards a Better

Svo.

ness. . . .

It is a serious thing for such a mind to get into the distracting eddies of an epoch like ours, the critical hour of a great spiritual and intellectual interregnum. It is a serious thing for a mind not endowed with an everflowing fountain of poetic brightness, its own and inextinguishable, to fall among the shadows of a dim-believing age. We may get, as we do get in the present volume, gracious harmony of verse, delicately pensive moods, Stately and grave thoughts; but of light and brightness we get too little, and of the cheerful inspiration of poetic joy scarcely any. There are occasional pieces and stanzas which must be excepted from this criticism. . . . Thyrsis is a poem of perfect delight, exquisite in grave tenderness of reminiscence, rich in breadth of western light, and breathing full the spirit of gray and ancient Oxford."Sat. Rev., xxiv. 319.

"His poetry is not that of a strong original genius, but of a highly impressible, highly cultivated nature. It is the work of a student who has learned the canons of art, who knows how to practise the self-restraint which sometimes almost supplies the place of power,-of one who has thought for himself, has loved good poetry, and who, if not inspired, has frequented the sources of inspiration. His poems are most attractive to those who have a sympathy with the scholarly habit they disclose, and who are fond of indulging themselves in sentiment of a fabric not uncommon in our days, of which the warp is honest manliness, while the woof is a morbid philosophic-sentimental morality."-Nation, v. 228.

16. Schools and Universities on the Continent, 1868, Svo. See infra, No. 23.

p. "He speaks of the Bible as a whole with much respect, and without showing the least inclination to sacrifice the Old to the New Testament. . . . We are told that there is undoubtedly in the Old Testament the germ of Christianfounded by Christ came from his having developed it. If we inquire more precisely respecting the nature and contents of this development, Mr. Arnold has a formula in readiness. Jesus, he informs us, had a method, a secret, and an element. The method of Jesus is repentance, involving an appeal to conscience or consciousness, and a life-giving change of the inner man. The secret of Jesus turns on the idea of two lives, one life being connected with the lower and transient self, and the other being full of joy, endurance, and felicity in connection with the higher and permanent life. As repentance is the great word attaching to the method of Jesus, so the key-word of his secret is peace,-peace considered as the result of living to one's real and higher self and dying to one's lower and apparent self. Associated with both the method and the secret of Jesus is the element in which, in Jesus, both method and secret worked. The Greek name of this element is epieikeia; the English, mildness; and Mr. Arnold is careful to tell us that this total stamp of grace and truth, this exquisite conjunction and balance, in an element of mildness, of a method of inwardness perfectly handled and a self-renouncement perfectly kept, was found in Jesus alone. . . . His results, perhaps, are rather more definite in appearance than in fact.... The 'method,' and the 'secret,' and the element' enable us to regard acknowledged truth in a somewhat new light; but they are not the keys to any special mysteries, and produce clearness mainly by limiting the field of vision.”—Sat. Rev., XXXV. 284.

"If its interpretation of the Bible is a true interpretation, it presents, for us at least, a new gospel. If it be a com

18. Culture and Anarchy: an Essay in Political and Social Criticism, 1869, 8vo; 2d ed., 1875; 3d ed., 1882. "We all of us know pretty well by this time what to think of Mr. Matthew Arnold in his character of social philosopher. Considering how short a time it is since Mr. Arnold came before the public in this character, only some four or five years ago, and considering how much mark he has really made upon English opinion in this interval, there is something curious in the fact that he should already stand in the ranks of the played-out. Mr. Carlyle's objurgations of the times go on kindling a flame in the young mind, while Mr. Arnold's are already beginning to strike on the ear as a very old tune, which was never very much of a tune at any time. His volume of critical essays taught us much. His more recent book on secondary instruction in France and Germany

blow at the Bible, for he lends the whole weight of his authority, which both as critic and poet is great, to the assertion that the popular interpretation of the Bible is fairy-tale,' or what the Germans call Aberglaube, extra belief, -i.e.. imaginative fiction embodying in purely arbitrary forms the essence of the belief."- Spectator,

lxvi. 242.

23. Higher Schools and Universities in Germany, 1874, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1882.

"The book on Schools and Universities' which I published in 1868 has long been out of print; I now republish that part of it which relates to Germany. The historical interest of tracing the development of the French schoolsystem, from the University of Paris and its colleges down to the lyceums and faculties of the present day, is extremely great; the practical value of this school-system, in affording lessons for English people's guidance at the present moment, is small. The German schools and

universities, on the other hand, offer an abundance of such lessons."-Extract from Preface.

24. God and the Bible: a Review of Objections to "Literature and Dogma," 1875, p. 8vo; Popular ed., with new preface, 1884.

"He sees that the Bible must stand by its own inherent value, its adaptation to the higher needs of humanity, not by external evidences. He has put many points relating to the Scriptures in a luminous and persuasive way. Above all, he has recalled modern Christians to the farreaching words of Jesus,-pushed as they have been into the background by the dogmatic speculations of later ages, -words fitted to bring love, truth, and peace into the heart of humanity, sickened with forms of faith on which it feasts and is not fed; and if we often disagree with him, especially in the dividing process applied to the Fourth Gospel, his illustrations are generally happy, and his side references hit the nail on the head, although sometimes severe."-Ath., No. 2511.

25. Isaiah xl.-lxvi., with the Shorter Prophecies allied to it. Arranged and Edited: with Notes. Lon., 1875, p. 8vo. (This is the same as No. 21, with a different introduction.)

"Both the translation and the notes are models of pure English, and full of suggestiveness to young learners.' Mr. Arnold's introduction is full of criticisms involving points of Hebrew scholarship; yet his knowledge of Hebrew is as 'a smoking flax."-T. K. CHEYNE: Acad., ix. 162.

26. Last Essays on Church and Religion, Lon., 1877, p. 8vo. "The essays here collected are four in number: 'A Psychological Parallel,' Butler and the Zeit-Geist, The Church of England,' and A Last Word on the Burials Bill.' They are introduced by a Preface of considerable length and interest, in which Mr. Arnold gives a short review of the position he has taken in his ethical writings, and comments on the comments which that position has excited both at home and abroad."-Ath.. No. 2580.

"It must be confessed now, when his work directly concerned with religion is complete, that such work leaves upon the mind of the thoughtful student of religion a feeling of dissatisfaction.. Mr. Arnold's religious conservatism consists in part in detaining the devout imagination as near as may be to the things of the past, while he bids the inquiring intellect go forward. We are orphans, and made wards in chancery, but let us call the Court of

Chancery Our Father,' and the filial emotion will accept

38. Works. Uniform Edition. Printed for circul lation in America. 10 vols., 1884. Vols. I.-VII., Pros Works. Vols. VIII.-IX., Poetical Works. Vol. X. (added subsequently,) Discourses in America.

39. Poetical Works, 1885, 3 vols. cr. 8vo. I., Early Poems, Narrative Poems, and Sonnets. II., Lyric and Elegiac Poems. III., Dramatic and Later Poems. Numbers; Literature and Science; Emerson.) 40. Discourses in America, Lon., 1885. (Contents:

"In Numbers' we have Mr. Arnold's well-known views on democracy stated with slight difference. Litera-l ture and Science' speaks for itself. . . . The third paper, again of a different kind, is on Emerson.' It is rather destructive of hypothetically erroneous views than (as a real criticism should be) constructive of sound views."Sat. Rev., 1x. 119. 41. Essays in Criticism. Second Series. With an (Contents: The Study of Poetry; Milton; Thomas Introductory Note by Lord Coleridge. 1888, cr. 8vo. Gray; John Keats; Wordsworth; Byron; Shelley; Count Leo Tolstoi; Amiel.)

"The volume contains a number of essays previously published, but not generally known. Those on Engfish subjects are more or less pervaded by the same central idea, that of distinguishing between the classical and the non-classical, between the true and the false, between the soberly serious and the frivolous or superficial. Here Mr. Arnold is a sure guide. Making all due allowance for his hortatory tendency to iteration, there has been no such keen insight, no such delicate and true taste, no such mastery of style, in our day."-Nation, xlvii. 525.

GENERAL CRITICISM OF MATTHEW ARNOLD. I. AS A POET:

Except... in his purely narrative poems, such as the

30. Poems of William Wordsworth. Chosen and Edited. ("Golden Treasury" Series.) 1879, 18mo; 5th ed., 1886.

31. Mixed Essays, 1879, p. 8vo; 2d ed., 1880. (Contents: Democracy; Equality; Irish Catholicism and British Liberalism; Porro Unum est Necessarium; Guide to English Literature: Falkland; A French Critic on Milton; A French Critic on Goethe; George Sand.)

"A good half of this volume is taken up with political discussion; the rest is given to literature. But it is one of the many merits of Mr. Arnold's criticism that he is always and fully conscious of the play and reaction, one upon the other, of the many forces which go to make up civilization, of the influence of literature upon politics and of politics upon literature, and of both upon religion. It is this which distinguishes him from many excellent specialists in criticism, and which gives to his writings a peculiar value."-Sat. Rev., xlvii. 535.

32. Passages from the Prose Writings of Matthew Arnold, 1881, 18mo. I., Literature. II., Politics and Society. III., Philosophy and Religion.

33. Poetry of Byron. Chosen and Arranged. ("Golden Treasury" Series.) 1881, 18mo; large-paper ed., 8vo. 34. Edmund Burke's Letters, Speeches, and Tracts on Irish Affairs. Collected and Arranged: with a Preface. 1881, cr. 8vo.

35. Irish Essays, and Others, Lon., 1882, cr. 8vo. "The contents of the present volume are sufficiently multifarious. They consist of three essays on Ireland and things Irish, of a couple of addresses delivered to the Ipswich Working Men's College and the Eton Literary Society, of three discourses on Copyright.' The French Play in London,' and 'The Future of Liberation,' and of the prefaces (1853 and 1854) to the first and second editions

their obligations to antiquity and such moderns as Wordsworth and Goethe."-RICHARD GARNETT: art. Literature, in The Reign of Queen Victoria, vol. ii. p. 463. sudden shock to rouse a worn-out sense: and whoever "Mr. Arnold's poems are not exciting; they offer no enjoys them must be either a scholar, taking the term in a large acceptation, or on the way to become one. His strength is not sought from convulsions and tempests; it is not of fierce air and violent light' that his image of the world is made. His words are potent in men's minds by steadfastness rather than by mastery, by serenity and not by ardour. He is the companion of the Muses in their solemn and peaceful mood, as they go up, a divine choir following a divine leader, by the moonlit borders of Helicon."-Sat. Rev., xlvi. 565.

"There are in Arnold a vividness in picturesque description, a penetrative imagination, a moral ardour, a sensitiveness to all that is charming in this world,-individual pow ers and qualities whose results in poetic work are delightful apart from the restless and regretful spirit which infests interest of his poetry and much of its value, both in what all his writing. It is undeniable, nevertheless, that the it teaches and what it reveals, lie mainly in its being the record of the passions, the disappointments and aspirations, the entire life experience, of an open doubter so far as he has intrusted to words what he has seen and felt."— Nation, xxvii. 274.

"One reads them [the poems] for the fiftieth time, and for the fiftieth time one feels inclined to esteem their author for the chief of living poets. It is true that there are faults, and these of a kind which this present age is indisposed to condone. The rhymes are sometimes poor; the movement of the verse is sometimes uncertain, and sometimes slow; the rhythms are always obviously simple in their structure; now and then the intention and effect are cold even to austerity, are bald to the point of uncomeliness. But, on the other hand, how many of the greater qualities of art and inspiration are represented here, and here alone in modern work! There is none of that delight in material for material's sake which is held to be a primary essential in the composition of an artist of the first rank; there is none of that rapture of sound and motion, and none of that efflorescence of expression, which are said to enter largely into the endowment of the true singer. For any of those excesses in technical accomplishment, those ecstasies in the use of words, those effects of sound which are so rich and strange as to impress the hearer with something of the emotion which the process of creation awakened in their author,-for any, indeed, of the characteristic attributes of modern poetry,-one searches here in vain. In matters of form this poet is no romantic, but a classic to the finger-tips. He adores