ford, Dutchess County, N. Y., Oct. 2, 1834; graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn., 1823, uated at the University of Rochester, N.Y., 1858, and at Princeton (N.J.) Theological Seminary, and at Rochester (N.Y.) Theological Seminary, 1826; was pastor of the First English Lutheran 1864; became pastor of the First Baptist Church, Church, Baltimore, Md., 1827-60; librarian of the East Saginaw, Mich., 1864; of East Avenue Bap- Peabody Institute in that city, 1860-63; since has tist Church, Rochester, N.Y., 1873; corresponding been non-resident professor of pulpit elocution secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission and relations of science and revelation, in the theSociety, and editor of the Baptist Home Mission ological seminary, Gettysburg, Penn.; lecturer on Monthly, New York, 1879. natural history in Pennsylvania College. He was president of the Maryland State Bible Society, and vice-president of the Maryland Historical Society; has received diplomas from the Ante-Columbian Society of Northern Antiquaries of Denmark, from the Natur historische Gesellschaft of Nuremberg, and from the Royal Historical Society of London; and is a corresponding and honorary member of ten or twelve scientific and historical societies in the United States. He is the author or translator of Henry and Antonio (translated from Bretschneider), Philadelphia, 1831 (2d ed. under title To Rome and Back again, 1833); Von Leonard's Geology (trans.), Baltimore, 1840; Life of John Arndt, 1853; Martin Behaim, the German Cosmographer, 1853; Life of Catharine von Bora, 1856; The Blind Girl of Wittenberg, Philadelphia, 1856; Quaint Sayings and Doings concerning Luther, 1859; Catalogue of Lepidoptera of North America, 1860, and Synopsis of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of the United States, Smithsonian Institute (both Washington), 1862; The Lords Baltimore, Baltimore, 1874; Bibliotheca Lutherana, Philadelphia, 1876; Fifty Years in the Lutheran Ministry, 1878; A Day in Capernaum (trans. from Delitzsch), 1879; The Diet of Augsburg, 1879; Augsburg Confession and the Thirty-nine Articles, 1879; Journeys of Luther: their Relation to the Work of the Reformation, 1880; Luther at Wartburg and Coburg, 1882; Life of Luther (trans. from Köstlin), 1882; Lutheran Doctrine of the Lord's Supper, 1883; Memoirs of the Stork Family, 1886; etc.

MORISON, James, D.D. (Adrian College, Adrian, Mich., 1862; University of Glasgow, 1882), Evangelical Union; b. at Bathgate, Linlithgowshire, Scotland, Feb. 14, 1816; graduated in arts at the University of Edinburgh, and studied theology at the United Presbyterian Halls of Glasgow and Edinburgh; was pastor in Kilmarnock, 1840-51, and in Glasgow, 1851-84. From the first year of his pastorate he had a hard battle to fight for the doctrine of the universality of Christ's atonement. The battle continued for more than twenty years. The ecclesiastical outcome is a group of about a hundred churches in Scotland, called the Evangelical Union. Since 1843 he has been principal and professor of New-Testament exegesis in Evangelical Union Hall, Glasgow. He holds to "the three great universalities: (1) God's love to all,' (2) Christ's atonement for all,' (3) the Holy Spirit's influence shed forth on 'all." He is the author of The Extent of the Atonement, London, 1842; Saving Faith, 1842; An Exposition of the Ninth Chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, 1849; Vindication of the Universality of the Atonement, 1861; Apology for Evangelical Doctrines, 1863; A Critical Exposition of the Third Chapter of the Epistle to the Romans, 1866; A Practical Commentary on the Gospel of St. Matthew, 1870, 5th ed. 1883; do. on St. Mark, 1873, 3d ed. 1882 (the last two republished from last edition, Boston, Mark 1882, Matthew 1883).

MORRIS, Right Rev. Benjamin Wistar, D.D. (University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1868), S.T.D. (Columbia College, New-York City, 1868), Episcopalian, missionary bishop of Oregon; b. at Wellsboro', Penn., May 30, 1819; graduated from the General Theological Seminary, NewYork City, 1846; became rector of St. Matthew's, Sunbury, Penn., 1847; of St. David's, Manayunk, 1851; of St. Luke's, Germantown (both suburbs of the city of Philadelphia), 1857; bishop of Oregon and Washington Territory, 1868; his diocese limited to the former, 1880.

MORRIS, Edward Dafydd, D.D. (Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., 1863), LL.D. (Maryville College, Maryville, Tenn., 1885), Presbyterian; b. at Utica, N.Y., Oct. 31, 1825; graduated at Yale College, New Haven, Conn., 1849, and at Auburn (N.Y.) Theological Seminary, 1852; was pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, Auburn, N.Y., 1852-55; of the Second Church, Columbus, O., 1855-67; professor of church history. Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, O., 1867–74, and since of theology. He was moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly at Cleveland, O., in 1875. Besides review articles, he has published Outlines of Christian Doctrine, Cincinnati, 1880 (only for students' use); Ecclesiology, Treatise on the Church, New York, 1885.

MORRIS, John Gottlieb, D.D. (Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Penn., 1839), LL.D. (do., 1875), Lutheran; b. at York, Penn., Nov. 14, 1803; grad

MORSE, Richard Cary, Presbyterian; b. at Hudson, N.Y., Sept. 19, 1841; graduated at Yale College, 1862; studied at Union Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1865-66, '67 (graduated), and at Princeton Theological Seminary, N.J., 1866-67; was ordained Dec. 21, 1868; was editor in New-York City, 1867-71; has been secretary of the executive committee of the Young Men's Christian Association of the United States and Canada since 1873.

MOULTON, William Feddian, D.D. (Edinburgh, 1874), Wesleyan; b. at Leek, Staffordshire, Eng., March 14, 1835; graduated at London University, 1856, and gained the gold medal for mathematics, and prizes for scriptural examination and biblical criticism. In 1858 he was appointed classical tutor in the Wesleyan Theological College, Richmond; and in 1874 head master of the Leys School, Cambridge, a Wesleyan institution. In 1872 he was elected a member of the Legal Hundred; made an honorary M.A. by Cambridge, 1877; and was a member of the New-Testament Company of Bible-revisers(1870-81). He translated and edited Winer's Grammar of New-Testament Greek, Edinburgh, 1870, 2d ed. 1876; and wrote History of the English Bible, London, 1878.

MUDCE, Elisha, Christian; b. at Blenheim, Canada West, April 17, 1834; was principal of Union School, Edwardsburg, Mich.; minister at Maple Rapids, Mich., twenty years; county super

MUELLER.

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MUELLER.

intendent of schools, Clinton County, Mich., six chapel. This course often reduced himself and years; in 1882 became president of the Union wife to great straits; but by prayer and simple Christian College, Merom, Ind. faith their wants were always ultimately relieved. MUEHLAU, (Heinrich) Ferdinand, Ph.D. (Leip-In 1832 he became pastor of Gideon Chapel, Briszig, 1862), Lic. Theol. (do., 1869), D.D. (hon., Leip- tol. Impressed by the number of destitute chilzig, 1885), Lutheran; b. at Dresden, Saxony, June dren he found in Bristol, he prayed for divine 20, 1839; studied at Erlangen and Leipzig, 1857-guidance in doing something for them. Being 62; was privat-docent at Leipzig, 1869; professor led thereto, as he believed, he collected the chilextraordinary at Dorpat, 1870, and ordinary pro- dren at 8 , gave them a piece of bread for fessor there of exegetical theology in 1871. He breakfast, then taught them to read, and read the is the author of De Proverbiorum quæ dicuntur Bible to them for about an hour and a half. But Aguri et Lemuclis, origine atque indole, Leipzig, the plan not working well, he abandoned it, and 1869; Besitzen wir den unsprünglichen Text der in 1834 started "The Scriptural Knowledge InstiHeiligen Schrift? Dorpat, 1884 (pp. 24). With tution for Home and Abroad," which was designed Volck he edited the eighth, ninth, and tenth edi- to assist day-schools, Sunday schools, and adulttions of Gesenius' Hebräisch und Chaldäisches schools; to circulate the Holy Scriptures; to aid Handwörterbuch über das Alle Testament, Leipzig, missionary work; to board, clothe, and educate 1878, 1883, and 1886; with Kautzsch, Liber Gene- scripturally, whole orphan children. The institusis sine punctis exscriptus, ed. ii. 1885; alone, Fr. tion, he decided, should have no patron but the Böttcher's Neue exegetisch-kritische Aehrenlese zum Lord, no workers but believers, and no debts. Allen Testament, 1863–65, 3 vols.; and his Lehr- Up to 1884 it had provided for the education of buch der hebräischen Sprache, 1866-68, 2 vols. 95,143 children and grown persons in its schools; Besides Geschichte der hebräischen Synonymik in circulated over 1,000,000 copies or portions of the J. D. M. G. (1863, pp. 316 sqq.), he has written Bible; spent £196,633. 12s. 5d. on missionary work; numerous geographical articles in Riehm's Hand- and trained up 6,892 orphans at a cost of £661,186. wörterbuch des Biblischen Alterthums. 9s. 2d. It is still flourishing. He then asked the Lord to give him a suitable house for the orphan children, assistants for the work, and a thousand pounds in money. And he was heard. Provided with assistants and money, he hired a house on Wilson Street, Bristol, and opened his orphanage on April 11, 1836. A second house was opened about eight months after the first. By June, 1837, he had received the asked-for thousand pounds. He then opened a third house; a fourth, March, 1844. He then bought a site on Ashley Down, near Bristol, and put up the first building, 1846. There are now there five immense orphan-houses, containing over two thousand inmates. The last one was opened in 1869. In February, 1870, his wife, who had so faithfully joined him in all his enterprises, died. After a time he re-married. Besides managing his orphanages and the institution, and preaching to his congregation, he has also taken missionary tours through the British Isles, the United States (going across the continent) and Canada (1877). In 1881 he visited the East, and in 1882 India. As is well known, he does not in the ordinary way advertise any of his enterprises. But the circulation of his Life of Trust: Narrative of the Lord's Dealings with George Müller, first issued in 1837, and continued in 1841, 1844, and 1856, which has been reprinted in repeated editions in New York, translated into German (Stuttgart, 1844, 2 parts), and into French (Paris, 1848), and other books and pamphlets published under his auspices, secures public attention to them. It remains true, however, that the Orphanage has no endowment, and none of the usual machinery of support. Mr. Müller looks to God to supply the daily food of the thousands of children therein gathered, and to pay all the expenses of their care. Results have justified his confidence. Money comes in, sometimes at very critical moments, and the work is sustained. Besides the Narrative above referred to, Mr. Müller

MUELLER, George (originally Georg Friedrich), Plymouth Brother, founder of the Bristol Orphanage; b. at Kroppenstädt, near Halberstadt, Prussia, Sept. 27, 1805. After preliminary training at the Cathedral classical school at Halberstadt, at Heimersleben, under a classical tutor, and at the Nordhausen gymnasium, he entered the University of Halle, 1825. His early life had been careless, even profligate, and his reckless course involved him in pecuniary embarrassments. Once (during the Christmas holidays of 1821) he was imprisoned for debt contracted at a hotel in Wolfenbüttel. He often told deliberate lies. But shortly after entering the university he was converted, and, declining to receive any further support from his father, entered upon that life of faith in the Lord to supply his needs, which has been so remarkable. He determined to become a missionary, and meanwhile manifested his Christian zeal in visiting the sick, distributing tracts, and in conversing upon the subject of religion with persons whom he casually met. In August, 1826, he began to preach, having obtained license to do so in consequence of the very honorable testimonials he brought with him to the university. For two months he lived in Franke's Orphan House at Halle, in the free lodgings provided for poor divinity students. In March, 1829, having through ill health obtained release from military duty, an obligation which he had feared would prevent him from accepting the society's appointment received June, 1828,- he went to London to prepare himself for missionary work among the Jews, in the service of the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews. But after some months of the prescribed study of Hebrew, Chaldee, and German Jewish, he left the society, January, 1830; joined the Plymouth Brethren; became minister at Teignmouth; and married Mary Groves, the daughter of Kitto's friend. Of his own accord he declined has published Jehovah Magnified: Addresses, Lonto receive any stated salary, abolished pew-rents, and from October, 1830, lived upon voluntary offerings put in the box provided for them in the

don, 1876; Preaching Tours, 1883, etc. Cf. Mrs. E. R. PITMAN, George Müller, London, 1885. *

MUELLER, Karl (Ferdinand Friedrich), Ph.D.

MULFORD.

Lic. Theol. (both Tübingen, 1876 and 1878), D.D. muted by Christ into the principle of self-sacri(hon., Giessen, 1883), German Protestant;.b. at fice, the essential condition of spiritual life and Langenberg, Würtemberg, Sept. 3, 1852; studied growth. In this struggle between the natural at Tübingen and Göttingen; became vikar, 1875; and the spiritual, humanity is supported by the repetent at Tübingen, 1878; privat-docent at Ber- indwelling Spirit of God, so that the course of lin, 1880; professor, 1882; at Halle, 1884; at human history becomes a process in which huGiessen, 1886. He is the author of Der Kampf Lud- manity is increasingly convicted of sin and of wigs des Baiern mit der römischen Kurie, Tübingen, righteousness and of judgment. The judgment 1879-80, 2 vols.; Die Anfänge des Minoritenordens is interpreted, with the prophets of the Old Tesund der Bussbrüderschaften, Freiburg-im-Br., 1885. tament, as a constituent factor of life, whose reMULFORD, Elisha, LL.D. (Yale College, New sult is purification and restoration. And this Haven, Conn., 1872), Episcopalian; b. at Mont-result is a necessary consequence of all judgment, rose, Susquehanna County, Penn., Nov. 19, 1833; whether here or hereafter, whether temporary or d. at Cambridge, Mass., Dec. 9, 1885. He grad- final; for death does not break the continuity of uated from Yale College, New Haven, Conn., 1855; the spiritual order, and resurrection is not poststudied theology at Union Theological Seminary, poned to a distant future, but is immediate. But New-York City, at Andover, Mass., and in Halle the "last things" naturally find no extensive treatand Heidelberg; was ordained deacon 1859, priest ment in a theology whose object is to enforce the 1862; had charges at Darien, Conn., 1861; South reality of the life of the spirit in humanity, in Orange, N.J., 1861-64; Friendsville, Penn., 1877- this present world. To this life of the spirit, the 81. From 1864 to 1877 he was without charge Bible, the church, and the sacraments bear witat Montrose, Penn.; after 1881 he resided at ness, by this also becoming divine agencies in the Cambridge, where he lectured in the Episcopal education of the race; but they are the symbols Divinity School. He wrote The Nation, the Foun- of a spiritual order, and not to be identified with dation of Civil Order and Political Life in the United the order itself. The Bible witnesses to a revelaStates, New York, 1870, 9th ed. 1884; The Repub- tion, but is not the revelation; sacraments witness lic of God, an Institute of Theology, 1881, 7th ed. to a divine process of purification and feeding, 1884. but are not themselves the process; the church The main feature of Dr. Mulford's theology, as bears witness to a life of the spirit in humanity, presented in his Republic of God, is the union of which goes beyond its boundaries as an organizathe utmost liberty of philosophic thought with tion. So strong is the emphasis laid upon this Christian dogmas. He urges the personality of point, — the reality of the life of the spirit, God as the central principle of the universe, but that Dr. Mulford has devoted to it a chapter in a form so comprehensive and elevated as to which he regarded as the most important in his seem no longer incompatible with that conception book, entitled Christianity not a Religion and not of Deity, to which modern thought is approximat- a Philosophy, in which he disclaims the formalism ing, of an infinite energy diffused throughout the of the one, and the tendency to abstraction of the universe, from whom all things proceed, and in other. It was the burden of his teaching and whom they consist. The nature as well as the conversation, that revelation was co-efficient with possibility of a revelation is based upon the pos- the reason; that it was through experience, but tulate, that humanity is endowed potentially with not from experience; that theology was the inpersonality as it exists in God. Revelation is terpretation of life, an appeal to life closing the manifestation of the Divine personality in his- every theological argument; that the true centre tory, finding its highest and absolute expression of theology must be the living, present God, not in Christ. The organic relation of Christ to hu- theories about him, not covenants or attributes manity involves the principle of the solidarity of or doctrines of anthropology. His thought has the human race. Individualism, which has been much that resembles Erskine and Maurice; and, a ruling idea in Protestant theology, is subordi- as in the case of the latter, the difficulty in undernated to the conception of man as essentially and standing him springs mainly from what is distincprimarily a member of the race from which in tive in his theology, rather than from obscurity of his history and fortunes he cannot be detached. style. Among German theologians he was most The redemption in Christ extends to humanity indebted to Rothe, with whom he asserts the conas a whole, and is emphasized as an accomplished tinuousness of the Incarnation, the abiding presfact, as constituting a great objective epoch in ence of the spiritual or essential Christ as distinman's spiritual history. It consist in ransoming guished from the historical Christ. With Hegel man from bondage to the order of nature, and he maintains that principle of realism, which was elevating him into the life of the spirit. While also characteristic of the great theologians of the Dr. Mulford's thought is monistic, every trace of scholastic age, that the highest and necessary dualism or root of evil stronger than the love of thought of man is identical with reality; as in God being disowned in virtue of the efficacy of the the condensed expression which sums up his arguIncarnation, yet he affirms the reality and the ment for the existence of God, deep significance of the conflict in human experi- God is in, with, and through the being of God." ence, finding its origin in the opposition between But apart from his kinship with these and other nature and spirit, not between matter and spirit as thinkers, his work in theology has a character of it is sometimes popularly represented. The In- its own. It was meditated and conceived in that carnation witnesses that the law of the course inspiring epoch in American history which drew and constitution of nature has no dominion in from him his first book, The Nation. As in that the sphere of the spiritual; death, which reigns treatise he carried theology into statesmanship, supreme in nature, is not the law of the spirit; finding in the solidarity of the state a divine the suffering in the kingdom of nature is trans-personality, so in his later work he carried the

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national principle into theology, expanding the idea of the nation into the Republic of God, the solidarity of mankind in the incarnate Christ.

A. V. G. ALLEN.

MYRBERG.

MUSTON, Alexis, Lic. Theol., D.D. (both Strassburg, 1834), Reformed Church of France; b. at La Tour (Vallées Vaudoises), Feb. 11, 1810; educated at Lausanne and at Strassburg; ordained at La Tour, 1833; exiled from Piedmont (1835), he went to Nimes, France, where he was naturalized; since 1836 has lived at Bourdeaux, first as assistant (1836-40), then as pastor. He is the author of Histoire des Vaudois, vol. i. Paris, 1834 (the occasion of his exile, it having been put by the Roman-Catholic hierarchy upon the Index); L'Israël des Alpes, Paris, 1851, 4 vols. (a complete history of the Waldenses, English trans. last ed. London, 1875, 2 vols.; German trans. Duisburg, 1857); articles in the Strassburg Revue de theologie, the Revue du protestantisme, etc. Cf. article Waldenses in Schaff-Herzog Encyclopædia, vol. iii., p. 2476.

MUNGER, Theodore Thornton, D.D. (Illinois College, Jacksonville, Ill., 1883), Congregationalist; b. at Bainbridge, Chenango County, N.Y., March 5, 1830; graduated from Yale College, New Haven, Conn., 1851, and the theological seminary there, 1855; was pastor at Dorchester, Mass., 185660; Haverhill, 1862-70; Lawrence, 1871-75; lived in San José, Cal., and established a Congregational church, 1875-76; pastor at North Adams, Mass., 1877-85; since, pastor of United Church, New Haven, Conn. He is the author of On the Threshold, Boston, 1881, 20th ed. 1885 (reprinted London, Eng.); The Freedom of Faith, 1883, 15th ed. 1885 (two English reprints); Lamps and Paths, 1885; besides numerous sermons and contribu- MYRBERG, Otto Ferdinand, Ph.D. (Upsala, tions to literary magazines and religious news-1849), Lic. Theol. (Upsala, 1851), D.D. (by the papers. King of Sweden, 1868), Lutheran; b. at Gothenburg, Sweden, April 26, 1824; studied theology at Upsala, and received holy orders in 1859; "became dean of the Trinity Church of Upsala, and professor of exegetical theology at the University of Upsala, 1866. He is the author of In librum qui Joëlis inscribitur brevis commentatio academica, Upsala, 1851; De schismate Donatistarum, dissertatio academ., 1856; Commentarius in epistolam Johanneam, diss. acad., 1859; Om aposteln Petrus och den äldsta kyrkans falska gnosis (“On the Apostle Peter and the False Gnosis of the Early Church "), 1865; Den hel. skrifts lära om försoningen ("The Doctrine of the Holy Scriptures on the Atonement "), 1870; Pauli bref till Romarne i ny öfversättning med textkritiska noter (“The Epistle to the Romans, new translation with Textual Critical Notes "), 1871; Salomos ordspråk, Från grundtexten öfversatt ("The Proverbs, translated from the Hebrew "), 1875; and several pamphlets.

MURPHY, James Gracey, LL.D., D.D. (both from Trinity College, Dublin, 1842 and 1880 respectively), Presbyterian; b. at Ballyaltikilikan, parish of Comber, County Down, Ireland, Jan. 12, 1808; entered Trinity College, Dublin, as sizar, 1827, became scholar 1830, graduated A.B. 1833; was minister at Ballyshannon, 1836;, classical | head master at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, 1841; professor of Hebrew, Presbyterian | College, Belfast, 1847. He is the author of A Latin Grammar, London, 1847; A Hebrew Grammar, 1857; Nineteen Impossibilities of Part First of Colenso on the Pentateuch shown to be Possible, Belfast, 1863; The Human Mind, 1873; and of the well-known commentaries upon Genesis (Edinburgh, 1864), Exodus (1866), Leviticus (1872), The Psalms (1875), Revelation (London, 1882), Daniel (1884), all reprinted in United States except Revelation.

NAVILLE, Jules Ernst, Swiss religious philoso- | to Chronicles and Kings, historical and geographipher; b. at Chancy, near Geneva, Dec. 13, 1816; cal card), 1884. studied at the University of Geneva; became licen- NESTLE, (Christoph) Eberhard, Ph.D. (Tütiate in theology, and was ordained in 1839; was bingen, 1874), Lic. Theol. (hon., Tübingen, 1883), professor of philosophy in the university, 1844; Evangelical; b. at Stuttgart, Würtemberg, May removed (1846) in consequence of the Genevan 1, 1851; studied in Stuttgart, at the evangelical revolution, and has since held no official position, theological seminaries at Blaubeuren and Tübingexcept during 1860-61 when he was professor of en, and at Leipzig (1874-75), and in England apologetics in the theological faculty; but he lec- (1875-77); was tutor at the evangelical theologitures in the department of letters, and is an ad- cal seminary at Tübingen, 1877-80; diaconus at mired preacher. He has written many books (see Münsingen, Würtemberg, 1880-83; and since Lichtenberger, vol. xiii., pp. 146, 147). The fol- has been gymnasial professor at Ulm. He is an lowing have been translated: Modern Atheism; or, adherent of the Vermittlungstheologie. He has The Heavenly Father, Boston, 1867, 2d ed. 1882; published Die israelitischen Eigennamen nach ihrer The Problem of Evil, New York, 1871; The The-religionsgeschichtlichen Bedeutung (prize essay of ory and Practice of Representative Elections, Lon- the Tyler Society), Haarlem, 1876; Conradi Peldon, 1872; The Christ, Edinburgh, 1880; Mod-licani de modo legendi atque intelligendi Hebræum, ern Physics Studies Historical and Philosophical, Tübingen, 1877; Psalterium tetraglottum (Græce, 1883.

NEELY, Right Rev. Henry Adams, D.D. (Hobart College, Geneva, N.Y., 1866; Bishops' College, Quebec, Can., 1875), Episcopalian, bishop of the diocese of Maine; b. at Fayetteville, Onondaga County, N.Y., May 14, 1830; graduated at Hobart College, Geneva, N.Y., 1849; was tutor in the college 1850-52, while studying theology under Bishop De Lancey; became rector of Calvary Church, Utica, N.Y., 1852; of Christ Church, Rochester, 1855; chaplain of Hobart College, 1862; assistant minister of Trinity Church, with charge of Trinity Chapel, New-York City, 1864; consecrated bishop, 1867. He is a "conservative Anglican." He is the author of occasional sermons, review articles, etc.

Syriace, Chaldaice, Latine), Tübingen, London, Leiden, Paris, 1879; Tischendorf's Septuaginta, 6th ed. Leipzig, 1880 (with appendix, Veteris Testamenti græci codices Vaticanus et Sinaiticus cum textu recepto collati); Brevis linguæ Syriacæ grammatica, litteratura, chrestomathia, cum glossario, Carlsruhe and Leipzig, 1881.

NEVIN, Alfred, D.D. (Lafayette College, Easton, Penn.), LL.D. (Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, Penn.), Presbyterian; b. at Shippensburg, Penn., March 14, 1816; graduated at Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Penn., 1834; admitted to the bar at Carlisle, Penn., 1837; studied theology at the Western (Presbyterian) Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Penn., 1837-40 (graduated); was licensed by the presbytery of NEIL, Charles, Church of England; b. in St. Carlisle, 1840; became pastor of the Cedar-Grove John's Wood, London, May 14, 1841; educated Church, Lancaster County, Penn., 1840; of the at Trinity Hall, Cambridge; graduated B.A. 1862, German Reformed Church, Chambersburg, 1845; M.A. 1866; was ordained deacon 1865, priest 1866; of the Second Presbyterian Church, Lancaster, became curate of Bradford Abbas, near Sher- Penn., 1852; of the Alexander Church (which he borne, Dorset, 1865; vicar of St. Paul's, Bethnal organized), Philadelphia, 1857; resigned 1861; Green, 1866; incumbent of St. Matthias, Poplar, was editor (and proprietor) of The Standard, PhilaLondon, 1875. He was called to the bar (Inner delphia (now The North-western Presbyterian, ChiTemple), 1864. He is a liberal Evangelical cago), 1860-63; of The Presbyterian Weekly, PhilaChurchinan. He is joint editor of The Clergy-delphia (now The Baltimore Observer), 1872-74; and man's Magazine, London, 1876, sqq. He is the author of Eleven Diagrams illustrating the Lord's Prayer, London, 1867; Holy Teaching (key to preceding), 1867; The Expositor's Commentary (vol. i. Romans, 1977, 2d ed. 1882); A Classified List of Subjects proposed for Discussion at the Meeting of Ruridecapal Chapters, 1881; The Christian Visitor's Handbook, 1882; edited John Todd's Index Rerum, London, 1881; with Canon Spence and J. S. Exell, Thirty Thousand Thoughts, 1883, sqq. (to be completed in 6 vols.). Some of his tracts and pamphlets are, Am I answerable for my Belief? 1871; Parochial Reason Why, 1872; Cecilia, or Near the Museum, 1873; The Divine Aspects of Redemption, 1875; The Preaching and Value of the Doctrine of Christ crucified, 1875; Open-air Preaching, or a Common-sense Answer to the Common Cry of the Church, "How to reach the Masses," 1881; The Courier Bible Aid and Reading-marker (No. 1, key

of The Presbyterian Journal, Philadelphia, 1875–80; stated supply of the Union Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, from September, 1885, to January, 1886. He addressed the alumni of Jefferson College, 1858; was lecturer in the National School of Oratory, Philadelphia, 1878-80; was one of the original members of the Presbyterian Historical Society, Philadelphia (organized 1852, incorporated 1857), and trustee 1853-60; member of the Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1858-61; trustee of Lafayette College, 1858-61, and of the Presbyterian Hospital in Philadelphia, 1871-78; has been a number of times a commissioner to the General Assembly, and by its appointment has represented the Presbyterian Church in the Massachusetts Congregational Association (1855), in the synod of the Reformed Dutch Church (1875), and in the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Canada (1878). He was moderator of the synod of Phila