U.

VAIL, Right Rev. Thomas Hubbard, D.D. (Brown University, Providence, R.I., 1858), LL.D. (University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan., 1875), Episcopalian; b. in Richmond, Va., Oct. 21, 1812; graduated at Washington (now Trinity) College, Hartford, Conn., 1831, and at the General Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1835; and after ministerial service in St. James's Church, Philadelphia, and Trinity Church, Boston, he organized All Saints' Church, Worcester, Mass., 1836; became rector of Christ Church, Cambridge, Mass., 1837; of St. John's Church, Essex, Conn., 1839; of Christ Church, Westerly, R.I., 1844; of St. Thomas's Church, Taunton, Mass., 1857; of Trinity Church, Muscatine, Io., 1863; first bishop of Kansas, 1864. As a Churchman he is evangelical, liberal, conservative. He edited, with memoir, Rev. Augustus Foster Lyte's Buds of Spring (poems, with additional poems of his own), Boston, 1838; and is the author of Plan and Outline, with Selection of Books under Many Heads, of a Public Library in Rhode Island, 1838; Hannah: a Sacred Drama (published anonymously), Boston, 1839; The Comprehensive Church, 1841, 3d ed. New York, 1883; Reports (of school committees in Massachusetts); sermons, charges, addresses, pastoral letters, etc.

V.

Protestant College, Beirut, till 1882; since then physician to St. George's Hospital. He is "broad Calvinistic" in his theology. He taught Hebrew in Union Theological Seminary, New-York City, while superintending the printing of his transla tion of the Arabic Bible at the American Bible Society, 1866-67. He translated into Arabic, the Westminster Assembly's Shorter Catechism, Beirut, 1843, last ed. 1884; Schönberg-Cotta Family, 1885; and is the author in Arabic of School Geography, Beirut, 1850, 3d ed. 1886; Algebra, 1853, 2d ed. 1877; Elements of Euclid, 1857; Treatise on Arabic Versification, 1857; Chemistry, Organic and Inorganic, 1869; Trigonometry and Logarithms (with tables), 1873; Mensuration, Surveying and Navigation, 1873; Astronomy, 1874; Physical Diagnosis, 1874; Pathology, 1878; various tracts, etc.

VAN DYKE, Henry Jackson, D.D. (Westminster College, Mo., 1860), Presbyterian; b. at Abington, Montgomery County, Penn., March 2, 1822; graduated at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1843; studied at Princeton Theological Seminary, N.J., 1843-44; became pastor at Bridgeton, N.J., 1845; at Germantown, Penn., 1852; and in Brooklyn, N.Y., 1853. In 1876 he was moderator of the General Assembly at Brooklyn.

VAN DYKE, Henry Jackson, Jun., D.D. (Colb. at Germantown, Penn., Nov. 10, 1852; graduated at the College of New Jersey, Princeton, 1873, and at Princeton Theological Seminary 1877, of which latter institution, since 1884, he has been a director. He studied in Berlin University; became pastor of the United Congregational Church, Newport, R.I., 1879, and of the Brick Presbyterian Church, New-York City, 1882. Besides contributions to various periodicals, he has published The Reality of Religion, N.Y., 1884, 2d ed. 1885.

VALENTINE, Milton, D.D. (Pennsylvania College of New Jersey, Princeton, 1884), Presbyterian; lege, Gettysburg, Penn., 1866), Lutheran (General Synod); b. near Uniontown, Carroll County, Md., Jan. 1, 1825; graduated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Penn., 1850; became tutor in the college, 1850; pastoral supply, Winchester, Va., 1852; missionary at Allegheny, Penn., 1853; pastor at Greensburg, Penn., 1854; principal of Emmaus Institute, Middletown, Penn., 1855; pastor of St. Matthew's, Reading, Penn., 1859; professor of ecclesiastical history and church polity in the theological seminary of the Lutheran Church, Gettysburg, Penn., 1866; president of Pennsylvania College, 1868; has been president and professor of systematic theology in the Gettysburg Theological Seminary since 1884. He edited The Lutheran Quarterly, 1871-75, 1880-86. He is the author of Natural Theology, or Rational Theism, Chicago, 1885; numerous pamphlets and addresses; since 1855, frequent contributions in The Evangelical Review and in The Lutheran Quarterly. VAN DYCK, Cornelius Van Alen, M.D. (Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 1839), D.D. (Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J., 1865), Reformed (Dutch); b. at Kinderhook, N.Y., Aug. 13, 1818; educated at Kinderhook Academy, and in medicine at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia; appointed missionary of the A. B. C. F. M. for Syria, 1839; sailed from Boston, January, 1840; arrived at Beirut, April 2, 1840; was ordained by Syrian Mission in council, Jan. 14, 1846; principal of Missionary Seminary, 1848-52; then missionary in the Sidon field till 1857; translator of the Bible into Arabic from 1857, and manager of the Mission Press 1857-80; physician to St. John's Hospital, and professor of pathology in the Syrian

VAN VLEČK, Henry Jacob, bishop of the Unity (Moravian); b. in Philadelphia, Jan. 29, 1822; graduated at Moravian Theological Seminary, Bethlehem, Penn., 1841; was teacher in Nazareth Hall, Northampton County, Penn., 1841-44; in the Moravian Parochial School, Salem, N.C., 1845-48; in Nazareth Hall, 1849-50; principal of the Moravian Parochial School at Nazareth, Penn., 1850-66; was ordained deacon at Nazareth, Penn., 1865; presbyter at Lititz, Penn., 1867; pastor at South Bethlehem, Penn., 1866-74; at Gnadenhütten, Fry's Valley, and at Ross, O., 1874-82; at Fry's Valley, O., since 1882; consecrated a bishop, Sept. 18, 1881, being appointed by the Provincial Synod of 1881, and the Unity Elders' Conference in Berthelsdorf, Germany, both appointments being sanctioned by "the Lot." Both his grandfather and father were bishops; a fact unprecedented in the Moravian Church.

VAUGHAN, Very Rev. Charles John, D.D. (Cambridge, 1845), dean of Llandaff, Church of England; b. at Leicester, Aug. 6, 1816; became scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge; Craven University scholar; Porson prizeman, 1836-37; Browne's medallist for Greek ode and epigrams,

and Member's prizeman for Latin essay, 1837; chancellor medallist and B.A. (senior classic) 1838, M.A. 1841; was ordained deacon and priest 1841; was fellow of Trinity College, 1839-42; vicar of St. Martin, Leicester, 1841-44; head master of Harrow School, 1844-59; chaplain in ordinary to the Queen, 1851-79; vicar of Doncaster, and rural dean, 1860-69; chancellor of York Cathedral, 1860-71; select preacher at Cambridge 1861-82, and at Oxford 1875 and 1878. Since 1869 he has been master of the Temple, London; since 1879, dean of Llandaff; and since 1882, deputy clerk of the Closet. He was a member of the Cambridge University Commission 185862, and of the New Testament Revision Company 1870-81. He is the author of a number of volumes of sermons, parochial, academical, etc., and of St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, London, 1859, 3d ed. 18-; Memorials of Harrow Sundays, 1859, 4th ed. 1885; Lectures on Philippians, 1862 (4th ed. 1883); Revelation of St. John, 1863, 5th ed. 1882; Church of the First Days: Lectures upon the Acts of the Apostles, 1863-65, 3 vols., 3d ed. 1878; Temple Sermons, 1881; Authorized or Revised? Lectures on Texts differing in the Two Versions, 1882; Philippians (translation, paraphrase, notes, etc.), 1885.

VOLCK.

received thorough early training in academies at Lewisburg and Milton, Penn., and in Newark (N.J.) Wesleyan Institute; was pastor at Newark, N.J., 1852; Franklin, N.J., 1853-54; Irvington, N.J., 1855-56; Joliet, Ill., 1857-58; Mt. Morris, Ill., 1858; Galena, Ill., 1859-61; Rockford, Ill., 1862-64; Chicago, Ill., 1865; Sunday-school agent, 1866-67; has been corresponding secretary of Sunday-School Union of Methodist-Episcopal Church, New-York City, since 1868; was superintendent of instruction at Chautauqua, N.Y., 1874-84; since then, chancellor of Chautauqua University. He is the author of Sunday-school Institutes and Normal Classes, New York, 1866, 2d ed. 1868; The Church School and its Officers, 1868; The Chautauqua Movement, 1886; The Home Book, 1886; many small manuals, lesson-helps, tracts, etc., e.g., The Lesson Commentary on the International Sunday-school Lessons.

VINCENT, Marvin Richardson, D.D. (Union College, Schenectady, N. Y., 1868), Presbyterian; b. at Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Sept. 11, 1834; graduated at Columbia College, 1854; became professor of Latin in Troy University, N.Y., 1858; pastor of First Presbyterian Church, Troy, 1863, and of the Church of the Covenant, New-York City, 1873. With Dr. Charlton T. Lewis he translated Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament, Philadelphia, 1862; and has since written, besides tracts, articles, and the minor volumes, Amusement a Force in Christian Training (1867), The Two Prodigals (1876), and The Expositor in the Pulpit (1884), Gates into the Psalm-country (expository discourses), 1878, last ed. 1883; Stranger and Guest (five tracts), New York, 1879; The Minister's Handbook, 1882; In the Shadow of the Pyrenees (travels), 1883; God and Bread (sermons), 1884.

ordinary professor at Vienna, 1861. He is the author of Ratherius von Verona und das 10. Jahrhundert, Jena, 1854, 2 parts; Peter Damiani, 1856; Der Kaiser Diokletian, Gotha, 1857; Beiträge zur Herstellung der alten lateinischen Bibel-Uebersetzung, Vienna, 1867; Die Semi-säcularfeier d. k.k. evange lisch-theologisch. Facultät in Wien, 1872.

VENABLES, Edmund, Church of England; b. in London, July 5, 1819; educated at Merchant Taylors School, London (1830-38), and Pembroke College, Cambridge; graduated B.A. (wrangler and second-class classical tripos) 1842, M.A. 1845; ordained deacon 1844, priest 1846; was curate to Archdeacon Julius C. Hare, at Herstmonceux, 1844-53; curate of Bonechurch, Isle of Wight, 1853-55; examining chaplain to John Jackson, D.D. (d. 1885), while bishop of Lincoln, and chaplain while bishop of London; since 1867 has VOGEL, (Karl) Albrecht, German Protestant; been canon residentiary and precentor of Lincoln b. in Dresden, Saxony, March 10, 1822; studied Cathedral; since 1881, diocesan representative in at Leipzig and at Berlin; became privat-docent the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. at Jena 1850, and later professor extraordinary; He is an Evangelical High Churchman. From childhood he has been devoted to architectural and archæological pursuits: was one of the founders of the Cambridge Camden Society; one of the first members of the Archæological Institute. He edited his brother's translation of Bleek's Introduction to the Old Testament, London, 1869, 2 vols.; translated and edited Wieseler's Chronological VOIGT, Heinrich Johann Matthias, German Synopsis of the Four Gospels, 1876; edited, in the Protestant; b. at Oldenburg, Aug. 2, 1821; studied Clarendon Press series of English classics, Bun- at Halle, Berlin, and Göttingen; became a pastor, yan's Pilgrim's Progress, Grace Abounding, Rela- and then in 1864 ordinary professor of theology, tion of the Imprisonment of Mr. John Bunyan, Ox- at Königsburg. He is the author of Die Lehre des ford, 1879; contributed articles Luke, Matthew, Athanasius von Alexandrien, Bremen, 1861; FunMark, etc., to vols. ii. and iii. of W. L. Alexan-damentaldogmatik, Gotha, 1874. der's edition of Kitto's Cyclopædia of Biblical VOLCK, Wilhelm, Ph.D., Lic. Theol., D.D. (all Literature, Edinburgh, 1862-66, 3 vols.; articles Erlangen; 1859, 1861, 1870, respectively), GerJude, etc., to Smith's Dictionary of the Bible, Lon-man Lutheran; b. at Nuremberg, Nov. 18, 1835; don, 1863; articles Catacombs, Coronation, Eccle- studied at Erlangen and Leipzig, 1853-58; became siastical Painting and Sculpture, etc., to Smith and privat-docent at Erlangen, 1861; professor extraorCheetham's Dictionary of Christian Antiquities, dinary of the Semitic languages in the theo1875-80, 2 vols.; articles Basil, Chrysostom, Gre- logical faculty at Dorpat, 1862; ordinary progorius Nyssenus, Theodoret, etc., to Smith and fessor, 1864. He is the author of Kalendarium Wace's Dictionary of Christian Biography, 1877-86, syriacum auctore Cazwinio, Leipzig, 1859; Mosis 4 vols.; article on Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, canticum cygneum (Deut. xxxii.), Nördlingen, in British Quarterly, 1885; etc. 1861; Ibn Mâliks Lamiyat al af1âl. Arabischer Text, VINCENT, John Heyl, S.T.D. (Ohio Wesleyan Leipzig, 1865; Vindicia Danielicæ, Dorpat, 1866; University, Delaware, O., 1870), LL.D.(Washington Der Chiliasmus seiner neuesten Bekämpfung gegenand Jefferson College, Washington, Penn., 1885), über, 1869; De summa carminis Iobi sententia, 1869; Methodist; b. at Tuscaloosa, Ala., Feb. 23, 1832; | Der Segen Mosis untersucht und ausgelegt, Erlangen,

VOLKMAR.

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VOYSEY.

1873; In wie weit ist der h. Schrift Irrthumslosigkeit unserer Evangelien, 1866; Mose Prophetie und Himzuzuschreiben? 1884, 2d ed. same year; Festrede, melfahrt, Leipzig, 1867; Die Evangelien des Marzur Jahresfeier der Stiftung der Universität Dorpat, cus und die Synopses d. kan. u. ausserkan. Evange1884; Die Bibel als Kanon, 1885. He contributed lien, mit Com., 1869, 2d ed. 1876; Zwingli, sein sections Kanonik and Hermeneutik, to Zöckler's Leben und Wirken, Zürich, 1870; Die römische Handbuch, Nördlingen, 1883 sqq.; edited the ninth Papstmythe, 1873; Die Herkunft Jesu Christi nach volume of Hofmann's Die heilige Schrift N. T. der Bibel selbst, 1874; Die neutestamentlichen Briefe (Nördlingen, 1881), and with Mühlau the eighth erklärt, 1. Bd. 1875; Die Kanon. Synoptiker ・ ・ to tenth editions of Gesenius' Heb. u. chald. Hndwb., u. das Geschichtliche vom Leben Jesu, 1876; Jesus Leipzig, 1878, 1882, 1886. Nazarenus und die erste christliche Zeit, 1882; Die neuentdeckte urchristliche Schrift "Lehre der Zwölf Apostel," 1st and 2d ed. 1885; edited Polycarpi Smyrnai epistola genuina, 1885.

VOLKMAR, Gustav, Swiss Protestant; b. at Hersfeld, Hessia, Jan. 11, 1809; studied at Marburg, 1829-32; taught in various places; became privat-docent at Zürich 1853, professor extraordi- VOYSEY, Charles, theist; b. in London, March nary 1858, and ordinary professor 1863. He is the 18, 1828; educated at St. Edmund Hall, Oxford; author of Das Evangelium Marcions, Leipzig, 1852; graduated B.A., 1851; held various curacies; was Ueber Justin den Märtyrer und Sein Verhältniss zu vicar of Healaugh, Yorkshire, 1864-71; deprived unsern Evangelien, Zürich, 1853; Die Quellen der Feb. 11, 1871, in consequence of rationalistic Ketzergeschichte bis zum Nicänum, kritisch unter-views upon the Bible; and has since lectured and sucht, 1855 (1st vol.); Die Religion Jesu und ihre preached independently in London. His sermons Entwickelung, Leipzig, 1857; Das vierte Buch Esra are published weekly, and in several volumes und apokalyptische Geheimnisse überhaupt, Zürich, under title, The Sling and the Stone, London, 1868, 1858; Handbuch der Einleitung in die Apokryphen, sqq., vol. viii., 1881; Mystery of Pain, Death, and Tübingen, 1860-63 (1st part); Commentar zur Sin, 1879; also Fragments from Reimarus, vol. i., Offenbarung Johannis, Zürich, 1862; Der Ursprung | 1879.

WACE.

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WALDENSTRÖM.

W.

Freedmen's Aid Committee, 1863-66; corresponding secretary of the Freedmen's Aid Committee of the Methodist-Episcopal Church, 1866-67; presiding elder of the East Cincinnati district, 186768; agent of the Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, O., 1868–84; elected bishop, May 15, 1884. Since 1847 he has been identified with temperance reform. He was a prominent antislavery man; established in 1857 at Quindaro, Kan., a paper to promote Free State principles; was a member of the Topeka (Kan.) Legislature, and of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention, and author of its address to the country; member of the Board of Education, Cincinnati; chairman of the Library Board after re-organization of the Public Library, in which he was active; sent teachers to the contrabands in the Mississippi Valley, early in 1863, and has been ever since officially connected with educational work in the South. He was a delegate to the General (Methodist-Episcopal) Conferences of 1868, 1872, and 1876; and to the Methodist Ecumenical Council, London, Eng., 1881.

WACE, Henry, D.D. (Oxford, 1883; Edinburgh, | 1860-64); corresponding secretary of the Western 1882), Church of England; b. in London, Dec. 10, 1836; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford; graduated B.A. (second class in classics and mathematics) 1860, M.A. 1873, B.D. 1882; was ordained deacon 1861, priest 1862; was curate of St. Luke's (1861-63), and of St. James's (1863-69), London; lecturer of Grosvenor Chapel, 1870-72; chaplain of Lincoln's Inn, 1872-80; Boyle lecturer, 1874-75; professor of ecclesiastical history in King's College, 1875-83; select preacher at Cambridge, 1878; Bampton lecturer at Oxford 1879, and select preacher 1880-82. Since 1880 he has been preacher at Lincoln's Inn; since 1881, prebendary in St. Paul's Cathedral; since 1883, chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, and principal of King's College; and since 1884, honorary chaplain in ordinary to the Queen. He is the author of Introduction to the Pastoral Epistles, in the Bible Commentary; and of Christianity and Morality (Boyle Lectures), London, 1876, 7th ed. 1886; The Foundations of Faith (Bampton Lectures), 1880, 2d ed. 1881; The Gospel and its Witnesses: some of the Chief Facts in the Life of our Lord, 1883, 2d ed. 1884; The Student's Manual of the Evidences of Christianity, 1886; joint editor with Dr. William Smith of A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects, and Doctrines, from the Time of the Apostles to the Age of Charlemagne, 1880-86, 4 vols.; with Professor Buchheim, of The First Principles of the Reformation, or the Primary Works of Luther, 1884; and alone of The Bible (Speaker's) Commentary on the Apocrypha, 1886, 2 vols.

WALDENSTRÖM, Paul Petter, Swedish Lutheran Church; b. at Luleå, a town in the northern part of Sweden, July 20, 1838; graduated as Ph.D. at the University of Upsala 1863; ordained 1864; became head master of gymnasium at Umeå 1864, and of that at Gefle 1874. He came into conflict with Lutheran Orthodoxy in 1872, upon the doctrine of the atonement, in regard to which he holds that the reconciliation through Christ is of us to God, not of God to us; not per gratiam propter WADDINGTON, Charles, French Reformed; Christum salvatio, but propter gratiam per Christum. b. in Paris, June 19, 1819; became doctor of let- The subject is God, the Father of Christ; the ters in Paris, 1848; taught philosophy in the Sor-source is the love of God; the object is the whole bonne, 1850-56; at Strassburg, 1856-64; and since world; the mediator is Christ, the only begotten in the Paris faculty. Among his works may be God, the Son of God; the end is the restitution of mentioned Ramus, sa vie, ses écrits, et ses opinions, men to God, not the redemption of God to men. Paris, 1855; Essais de logique (crowned by the His subsequent writings in defence of his position Academy), 1857; De l'âme humaine, 1862; De la have excited great interest, and stirred up a great philosophie de la Renaissance, 1872; De l'autorité controversy. He is also a leader in the Freed'Aristote au moyen âge, 1877. He is a founder of Church movement in Sweden, and in consequence the Société de l'histoire du protestantisme fran- frequently prosecuted by the Upsala Consistory. çais (1852), and a chevalier of the Legion of He resigned his clerical position in the State Honor (1866). Church in 1880. For baptizing two children in September, 1884, he was prosecuted by the Consistory, but by appeal to the king he was cleared. He is a member of the Swedish Parliament. [His eloquence renders him an attractive and powerful preacher, and the Free-Church movement owes much to him. See M. W. MONTGOMERY, A Wind from the Holy Spirit in Sweden and NorWALDEN, John Morgan, D.D. (Farmers' Col-way, New York, 1884.] Of his numerous and lege, Belmont, O., 1865), LL.D. (McKendree College, highly popular writings, all in Swedish, may be Ill., 1878), Methodist; b. at Lebanon, Warren mentioned, Sermons over the New Pericopes of the County, O., Feb. 11, 1831; graduated at Farmers' Swedish Church, Stockholm, 1868-80, 1 vols.; The (now Belmont) College, Hamilton County, O., Lord is Holy, 1875 (reprinted in Chicago, Ill.), 1852; was principal of the preparatory depart- and translated into German (Leipzig, 1877); The ment of the same, 1852-54; editor, 1854-58; en- Eternal Decree of Election, 1880 sqq., 3 vols.; tered the ministry in the Cincinnati Conference, The History of Infant-Baptism; The New Testa 1858; was pastor 1858-64 (in Cincinnati, O.,│ment, newly translated, with Notes, 1883 sqq.

WAGENMANN, Julius August, German Protestant; b. at Berneck, Würtemberg, Nov. 23,1823; studied at Tübingen, 1841-45; became repetent at Blaubeuren 1846, and at Tübingen 1849; diakonus at Göppingen 1852, archidiakonus 1857; ordinary professor of theology at Göttingen 1861, and there became consistorial councillor 1878.