ACHELIS.

ology he is Broad Church. He is the author of The English Bible, a Plea for Revision, Dublin, 1857, 2d ed, 1871; Sight and Touch, an attempt to disprove the Berkeleian theory of vision, London, 1864; Kant's Theory of Ethics, translated with memoir, 1873, 3d ed., 1883; Collation of Four MSS. of the Gospels, by Ferrar, edited with introduction, 1877; Codex rescriptus S. Matthaei Dublinensis (Z), Dublin, 1880; Elements of Logic, London, 1883, 2d ed., 1885; Evangelia antehieronymiana ex codice Dublinensi, Dublin, 1884; Kant's Introduction to Logic, translated, London,

1885.

Passages in the Bible adduced by Christian Theolo-
gians in Support of their Faith, 1879.

ADLER, Nathan Marcus, Ph.D. (Erlangen, 1826), Orthodox Jew; b. at Hanover, Dec. 14, 1802; graduated at the University of Würzburg; became chief rabbi of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, 1829; of the Kingdom of Hanover, 1830; of the United Hebrew congregations of the British Empire, 1845. He was one of the organizers of Jewish schools in London and the provinces; joined Sir Moses Montefiore in appeal for the Holy Land, by which £20,000 were raised; was one of the founders of the "United Synagogue," a ACHELIS, Ernst Christian, D.D. (hon. Halle, federation of the principal synagogues; founder 1882), Reformed; b. at Bremen, Jan. 13, 1838; and first president of the Jews' College, London; studied theology at Heidelberg and Halle, 1857- one of the original members of the committee of 60; became successively assistant preacher at Ar- the Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund. He is sten, near Bremen, 1860; pastor at Hastedt, near the author of many printed sermons in German Bremen, 1862; pastor at Barmen, 1875; ordinary and English, among which may be mentioned, professor of theology at Marburg, 1882. Besides Die Liebe zum Vaterlande, Hanover, 1838; his numerous minor publications, he has issued Die Installation Sermon, London, 1845; Sermon on biblischen Thatsachen und die religiöse Bedeutung the Day of Humiliation, 1854 (" pronounced by the ihrer Geschichtlichkeit, Gotha, 1869; Dr. Richard Rothe, 1869; Der Krieg im Lichte der Christlichen Moral, Bremen, 1871; Die Bergpredigt nach Matthaeus und Lukas exegetisch und kritisch untersucht, Bielefeld und Leipzig, 1875; Parteiwesen und Evangelium, Barmen, 1878; Die Entstehungszeit von Luther's geistlichen Liedern, Marburg, 1884.

ADAMS, Right Rev. William Forbes, D.D. (University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., 1871), Episcopalian bishop; b. in Ireland, Jan. 2, 1833; came to United States, 1841; ordained priest, 1860; consecrated first missionary bishop of New Mexico and Arizona, 1875; resigned, 1876; became rector at Vicksburg, Miss.

*

ADLER, Felix, Ph.D. (Heidelberg, 1873); b. at Alzey, Germany, Aug. 13, 1851; graduated at Columbia College, New-York City, 1870; and at Heidelberg University, 1873. From 1873 to 1876 he was non-resident professor of Oriental languages and literature at Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y., and since 1876 has been lecturer of the Society for Ethical Culture, New-York City. His "stand-point is not to be classed as theological in a strict sense. His philosophical views are founded on those of Immanuel Kant. He regards ethics as the foundation, and religion as the superstructure. The unity of the world he regards as a necessary idea of the reason, which, however, cannot gather personality about it. Its value consists on the one hand in its regulative application to conduct, on the other hand in its forming the basis for a moral conviction respecting the ultimate good tendencies of the universe." He has published Creed and Deeds (lectures), New York, 1878; and single lectures.

ADLER, Hermann, Ph.D. (Leipzig, 1861), Hebrew rabbi; b. at Hanover, May 29, 1839; came to London, 1845; studied at University College, London, and graduated at London University, B.A., 1859; studied subsequently at Prague and Leipzig; became principal of the Jews' College, London, 1863, and chief minister of the Bayswater synagogue, 1864; resigned principalship, 1865, and was theological tutor until 1879; since 1879 has been delegate chief rabbi. He is an Orthodox Jew. Besides many sermons and articles in periodicals, he has published, A Jewish Reply to Colenso, London, 1865; Sermons on the

English press as the most eloquent of those delivered on that occasion"); The Jewish Faith, 1867; The Claims of Deaf-Mutes (which led to the founding of the Jews' Deaf and Dumb Home); The Second Days of the Festivals; and of The Nethina Lager (a Hebrew commentary on the Chaldee paraphrase of the Pentateuch), Wilna, 1874, 2d ed., 1877.

AHLFELD, Johann Friedrich, D.D., Lutheran; b. at Mehringen, Anhalt, Nov. 1, 1810; d. at Leipzig, March 4, 1884. He studied at the University of Halle, 1830-33; became private tutor, 1833; gymnasial teacher at Zerbst, 1834, and rector at Wörlitz, 1837; pastor at Alsleben, 1838; at Halle, 1847; at Leipzig (St. Nicholas' Church), 1851. In early life he was troubled by scepticism; but before beginning his pastoral career he was rid of it, and distinguished himself ever afterwards by the simplicity, clearness, and beauty of his Christian faith. He was one of Germany's most admired preachers, the greatest pulpit orator of To considerable the strict Lutherans, and, especially at Leipzig, wielded a powerful influence. learning he united a knowledge of the human heart, good judgment, ready sympathies, and kindly humor, so that he was the friend and counsellor of all classes, and held by every one in affectionate esteem. His sermons were listened to by throngs, and abounded in apt and beautiful illustration. Besides preaching, he taught in the Leipzig Theological Seminary, and for many years did good service upon the commission to revise the Luther version of the Old Testament. In 1881 he was made pastor emeritus and Geheimer Kirchenrath. Of the numerous collections of his discourses may be mentioned, Predigten über die evangelischen Perikopen, Halle, 1848, 10th ed., 1880; Das Leben im Lichte des Worts Gottes, 1861, 6th ed., 1879; Predigten über die epistolischen Perikopen, 1867, 3d ed., 1877; Confirmationsreden, Leipzig, 1880, 2 series. See his Lebensbild, Halle, 1885.

AIKEN, Charles Augustus, Ph.D. (Princeton, 1866), D.D. (Princeton, 1870). Presbyterian; b. in Manchester, Vt., Oct. 30, 1827; graduated at Dartmouth College, 1846; taught three years in the Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass., and in Phillips Academy, Andover; entered the Andover

Theological Seminary, graduated 1853, having numerous articles, etc., Leading Ideas of the Gosmeanwhile studied at the universities of Halle pels (Oxford sermons, 1870-71), London, 1872; and Berlin (1851-53). He became successively The Witness of the Psalms to Christ and Christianpastor of the Congregational Church at Yarmouth, ity (Bampton lectures), 1877, 2d ed., 1878, repubMe., 1854; professor of Latin in Dartmouth Col- lished, New York; The Great Question and other lege, 1859; the same in the College of New Jersey Sermons, 1885; The New Atlantis and other Poems; at Princeton, 1866; president of Union College, introductions to and comments upon Colossians, Schenectady, N.Y., 1869; Archibald Alexander Thessalonians, Philemon, and Epistles of John, in professor of Christian ethics and apologetics in Bible (Speaker's) Commentary, vols. ix., x. (1881). Princeton Theological Seminary, 1871; and since ALEXANDER, William, D.D. (University of 1882, Archibald Alexander professor of Oriental Wooster, O., 1876), Presbyterian; b. near Shirleysand Old-Testament literature in the same insti- burg, Huntingdon County, Penn., Dec. 18, 1831; tution. He was a member of the Old-Testament graduated at Jefferson College, Penn., 1858, and Revision Company. He translated Zöckler's com- at Princeton Theological Seminary, 1861; was pasmentary on Proverbs in the Lange series, New tor at Lycoming, Penn. (1862-63); stated supply York, 1869; and has contributed to the Presbyte- at Waukesha, Wis., while president of Carroll rian and other reviews, etc. College in that place (1863-64); pastor at Beloit, Wis. (1864-69); and at San José, Cal., 1869–71; president of City College, San Francisco, 1871-74. In October, 1871, he took a leading part in founding the San Francisco Theological Seminary, and was made (1871) its first professor of New-Testament literature. In 1876 he was transferred to the chair of ecclesiastical history and church government. He has published several sermons, Commentary on International Sunday-school Lessons, 1881 sqq.; Letters (4) to Gen. George Stoneman on the Sunday Law, 1881; Letters (9) to Bishop McQuade on Failure of Romanism, 1883, etc.

AITKEN, William Hay Macdowall Hunter, Church of England; b. at Liverpool, Sept. 21, 1841; educated at Wadham College, Oxford; graduated B.A. (2d class classics), 1865; M.A., 1867; was curate of St. Jude's, Mildmay Park, 1866-70; incumbent of Christ Church, Everton, Liverpool, 1871-75; has since devoted himself entirely to mission [revival] work, and since 1884 he has been general superintendent of the Church of England Parochial Mission Society, which he founded in 1877, with a view to supply competent mission [revival] preachers. His theology is "eclectic. He desires to be a Churchman pure and simple, to belong to no party, but to comprehend what is good in all. He holds evangelical principles strongly, but without Calvinism, and values highly Church order and the sacraments." He conducted a mission in New-York City in the winter of 1885. He has published Mission Sermons, Brighton, 1875-76, 3 series, 2d ed., London, 1877; Newness of Life, Brighton, 1877, 2d ed., London, 1878; Difficulties of the Soul, London, 1878; What is your Life? 1878; Manual of Parochial Missions, 1879; The School of Grace, 1879; God's Everlasting "Yea," 1880; The Glory of the Gospel, 1881; The Highway of Holiness, 1883; Around the Cross, 1884; The Revealer revealed, 1885.

ALDEN, Edmund Kimball, D.D. (Amherst, 1866), Congregationalist; b. at Randolph, Mass., April 11, 1825; graduated at Amherst College, 1814; and at Andover Theological Seminary, 1848; became pastor of First Church, Yarmouth, Me., 1850; at Lenox, Mass., 1854; of Phillips Church, South Boston, Mass., 1859; secretary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Mass., 1876. He is the author of various sermons and pamphlets.

ALEXANDER, William Lindsay, D.D., F.R.S.E., Scotch Congregationalist; b. at Edinburgh, Aug. 24, 1808; d. there, Dec. 22, 1884. He was educated in the universities of Edinburgh and St. Andrews; classical tutor in the Lancashire Independent College at Blackburn (now at Manchester) from 1828 to 1835; Congregational pastor in Edinburgh (1835-1854); subsequently professor of theology in the Congregational Theological College, Edinburgh (1854); examiner in philosophy at St. Andrew's University (1861); and member of the Old-Testament Revision Company from its formation (1870). He published The Connection and Harmony of the Old and New Testament, London (Congregational lecture for 1840), 2d ed., 1853; Anglo-Catholicism not Apostolical, 1843; Christ and Christianity, 1854; The Life and Correspondence of Ralph Wardlaw, D.D., 1856; Christian Thought and Work, 1862; St. Paul at Athens, 1865; Sermons, 1875; Zechariah, his Visions and Warnings, 1885; and brought out the third edition of Kitto's Biblical Cyclopædia, Edinburgh, 1862-66, 3 vols.

ALGER, William Rounseville, Unitarian; b. at Freetown, Mass., Dec. 30, 1822; graduated at HarALEXANDER, Right Rev. William, D.D. (by vard Divinity School, 1847; was pastor at Roxdiploma, Oxford, 1867), D.C.L. (hon., Oxford, bury, Mass., 1848-55; in Boston, as successor of 1876), Lord Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, Epis- Theodore Parker, 1855-73; in New York, 1876copalian Church in Ireland; b. at Londonderry, 79; at Denver, Col. (1880); and Portland, Me. Ireland, April 13, 1824; was a student in Exeter (1881). Since 1882 he has lived without a charge and then in Brasenose College, Oxford University; in Boston. He has written A Symbolic History won the theological prize essay, 1850; graduated of the Cross of Christ, Boston, 1851; The Poetry B.A., 1854; M. A., 1856; won the sacred prize of the Orient, 1856, 5th ed., 1883; A Critical Hispoem, 1860. He was select preacher, 1870-71, tory of the Doctrine of a Future Life, with a Com1882; and Bampton lecturer, 1876. His minis-plete Bibliography of the Subject by Ezra Abbot, terial life has been spent in Ireland, where he Philadelphia, 1863, 12th ed., Boston, 1885; The became successively rector of Termonamongan, Genius of Solitude, Boston, 1865, 10th ed., 1884; and of Camus-juxta-Mourne; dean of Emly, 1863; Friendships of Women, 1867, 10th ed., 1884; bishop of Derry and Raphoe, 1867. His wife, Prayers offered in the Massachusetts House of Rep Cecil Frances Humphreys, is author of many famil-resentatives, 1868; Life of Edwin Forrest, Philadeliar hymns and poems. He has written, besides phia, 1877,2 vols.; The School of Life, Boston, 1881.

ALLEN.

ALLEN, Alexander Viets Griswold, D.D. (Kenyon, 1878), Episcopalian; b. at Otis, Berkshire County, Mass., May 4, 1841; graduated at Kenyon College, Gambier, O., 1862, and at Andover Theological Seminary, 1865; became rector of St. John's Church, Lawrence, Mass., 1865, and professor of ecclesiastical history in the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Mass., 1867. He is the author of The Continuity of Christian Thought, a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History, Boston, 1884.

far the greatest of his works was his third edi-
tion of H. Braun's annotated German translation
from the Vulgate of the entire Bible, Nuremberg,
1830-34, 6 vols. The original work appeared
there in 1786, and in a second edition by Michael
Feder, 1803, 3 parts. Allioli's edition was such
a decided improvement, that his predecessors have
been forgotten. It has been repeatedly re-issued,
and has the unique honor among German trans-
lations of the Bible, of having received the papal

sanction.

ALLON, Henry, D.D. (Yale College, 1871; St. Andrew's University, 1885), Congregationalist; b. at Welton, near Hull, Yorkshire, Eng., Oct. 13, 1818; graduated at Cheshunt College, Hertfordshire, 1843; and since January, 1844, has been minister of Union Chapel, Islington, London (for the first eight years as associate of the Rev. Thomas Lewis); and in addition, since 1865, editor of the British Quarterly Review. In 1864, and again in the Jubilee Year, 1881, he was chairman of the Congregational Union. In December, 1877, his new church in Compton Terrace, Islington, which had cost £41,466, was opened for service. His congregation numbers nearly two thousand. Although so immersed in pastoral labors, he yet has written much for the periodical press, compiled the Congregational Psalmist, very generally used in his denomination, and published the following volumes: The Life of Rev. James Sherman, London, 1863 (three editions same year); Vision of God, and other Sermons, 1876, 3d ed., 1877; and edited Thomas Binney's sermons, prefacing a critical sketch, 1875.

ALLISON, James, D.D. (Washington and JefALLEN, Joseph Henry, Unitarian; b. at Northborough, Mass., Aug. 21, 1820; graduated at Har- ferson College, Pa., 1868), Presbyterian; b. at vard College (1840), and Divinity School (1843); Pittsburg, Penn., Sept. 27, 1823; graduated at pastor at Roxbury, Mass., 1843-47; Washington, Jefferson College, 1845, and at Western TheologiD.C., 1847-50; Bangor, Me., 1850-57; West New-cal Seminary, Allegheny, Penn., 1848; became ton, 1858-60; Northborough, 1864-66; and Lin- pastor at Sewickley, 1849; editor and proprietor coln, Mass., 1868-74; Ithaca, N.Y., 1883-84; editor of the Presbyterian Banner, Pittsburg, 1864, of (assistant or chief) of the Christian Examiner, 1857- which he had been associate editor since 1856. 69; lecturer upon ecclesiastical history in Harvard He has been a member of the Presbyterian Board University, 1878-82; delegate (1881) of British and for Freedmen since its organization in 1865, and Foreign and of American Unitarian Associations its treasurer since 1870. to the Supreme Consistory of Transylvania, held in Koloszvár, Hungary. He is the author of Memoir of Hiram Withington, Boston, 1849; Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy, 1849; A Manual of Devotions for Families and Sunday Schools, 1852; Hebrew Men and Times from the Patriarchs to the Messiah, 1861, 2d ed., 1879; Fragments of Christian History, 1880; Our Liberal Movement in Theology, chiefly as shown in Recollections of the History of Unitarianism in New England, 1882; Christian History in its Three Great Periods, 1883, 3 vols. (includes Fragments); Outline of Christian History, 1884, 2d ed., 1885; joint editor of "Allen and Greenough's Classical Series." ALLIOLI, Joseph Franz, D.D. (Regensburg, 1816), Roman Catholic; b. at Sulzbach, Austria, Aug. 10, 1793; d. at Augsburg, May 22, 1873. After receiving his general training at Sulzbach and Amberg, he studied theology at Landshut, then entered the clerical seminary at Regensburg; was consecrated to the priesthood, Aug. 11, 1816, and shortly afterwards made a Doctor of Divinity. He officiated for short periods as priest, in Grafling, Roding, and Regensburg, but, ANDERSON, Galusha, S.T.D. (University of giving himself up to learned pursuits, studied Oriental languages at Vienna, Rome, and Paris; Rochester, 1866), LL.D. (both Rochester and Madbecame successively privat-docent (1821), ex- ison Universities, 1883), Baptist; b. at Bergen, traordinary (1823) and then ordinary professor Genesee County, N.Y., March 7, 1832; graduated (1824) of the Oriental languages and of biblical at University of Rochester (1854), and (Baptist) exegesis and archæology at Landshut. He went theological seminary (1856); became pastor at with the University to Munich (1826), and became Janesville, Wis., 1856; St. Louis (Second Church), in 1830 member of the Munich Academy of Sci- 1858; professor of homiletics, church polity, and ences, and rector of the university. A throat-pastoral duties in Newton (Mass.) Theological Inaffection obliging him to give up teaching, he was in 1835 chosen member of the Cathedral Chapter, Munich, and, in 1838, provost of the Active in charitable cathedral at Augsburg. work, he greatly promoted the Franciscan Female Institute of the Star of Mary. Although an invalid, he wrote many academical addresses, sermons, liturgical treatises, and Hebrew and Arabic poems, besides the following important works: Aphorismen über den Zusammenhang der heiligen Schriften des Alten und Neuen Testaments, Landshut, 1819; Häusliche Alterthümer der Hebräer nebst biblische Geographie, 1821; Biblische Alterthümer, 1825; Leben Jesu, 1840; Handbuch der biblischen Alterthumskunde, 1841-44, 2 vols. (in connection with L. C. Gratz and Haneberg). But by

The

stitution, 1866; pastor in Brooklyn (Strong-place Church), 1873; Chicago (Second Church), 1876; president of University of Chicago, 1878; pastor at Salem, Mass., 1885. From 1880-85 he lectured at Morgan Park (Baptist) Theological Seminary.

ANDERSON, Martin Brewer, LL.D. (Colby University, 1853, New-York Board of Regents, 1880), Baptist; b. at Brunswick, Me., Feb. 12, 1815; graduated at Waterville College (now Colby University), Me., 1840; studied in Newton Theological Seminary, 1840-41; became tutor in Waterville College, 1841; professor of rhetoric, 1843; proprietor and editor-in-chief of the New-York Recorder, a denominational weekly, 1850; president of the newly organized University of Rochester, 1853. He was president of the American Baptist Home

ARGYLL (Duke of). His Grace, George Douglas Campbell, K.T.; b. at Ardencaple Castle, Dumbartonshire, April 30, 1823; succeeded his father April, 1847. He has always been deeply interANDREWS, Edward Gayer, D.D. (Genesee ested in religious questions, and particularly in the College, 1863), LL.D. (Allegheny College, 1881), affairs of the Church of Scotland. He vindicated Methodist bishop; b. at New Hartford, Oneida that Church's right to legislate for itself, but conCounty, N.Y., Aug. 7, 1825; was licensed to demned the Free Church movement. In 1874 he preach, 1844; graduated at Wesleyan University, vigorously supported the successful measure in Conn., 1847; was principal of the Cazenovia Sem-Parliament to transfer patronage in the Church inary, New York, 1856-64; then a pastor until of Scotland from persons to congregations. In his election as bishop, 1872.

ARNOLD.

June 10, 1832; educated at University College, Oxford; graduated B.A., 1854; became assistant master of Edward VI. School, Birmingham; later, principal of the government Sanscrit College at Poona, Bombay Presidency; an editor of the London Daily Telegraph, 1861. He is a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, and of the Royal Geographical Society; 2d class of the imperial order of the Medjidie (Turkish), and companion of the Star of India. He arranged George Smith's first expedition, and Stanley's expedition in search of Livingstone, both in behalf of the Daily Telegraph. He has made numerous poetical translations from Greek and Sanscrit, and has written many poems, of which the most famous are, The Light of Asia (the life and teaching of Buddha), London, 1879 (28th ed., 1886, and several reprints; in recognition he was decorated by the King of Siam with the Order of the White Elephant); Pearls of the Faith, or Islam's Rosary, 1883, 3d ed., 1884; The Secret of Death, 1885.

ARNOLD, Matthew, D.C.L. (Edinburgh, 1869, Oxford, 1870), son of Thomas Arnold of Rugby; b. at Laleham, near Staines, Dec. 24, 1822; entered Balliol College, Oxford; won the Newdigate prize for English verse (1843); graduated in honors, 1844; became a Fellow of Oriel College (1845); a lay inspector of schools, 1851; was professor of poetry at Oxford from 1857 to 1867. He received the order of Commander of the Crown of India, from the King of Italy, in 1876. In 1883 he was put upon the civil pension list for three hundred pounds, in recognition of his services to literature. In 1884 he visited America on a lecture-tour. Besides poems, and numerous essays upon literary topics, he has published the following bearing on religion: Culture and Anarchy, an Essay in Political and Social Criticism, London, 1870; St. Paul and Protestantism, with an Essay on Puritanism and the Church of England, 1871; Literature and Dogma, an Essay towards a Better Apprehension of the Bible, 1873; God and the Bible, 1875; Last Essays on Church and Religion, 1877. He has also edited, with prefaces and notes, The Great Prophecy of Israel's Restoration (Isa. xl.-lxvi.), 1872, rev. ed., 1875; Isaiah of Jerusalem (Isa. i.xxxix., 1884.

Documents from the Papal Archives of the revolted Legations, 1860, 7th ed., 1885 (reprinted, New York); The Pope, the Kings, and the People, 1877, 2 vols.; The Difference between Physical and Moral Law, 1883, 4th ed., 1885; Religion without God, and God without Religion, 1885, 2 parts.

ASTIE, Jean Frédéric, French Swiss Protestant, b. at Nerac (Lot-et-Garonne), France, Sept. 21, 1822; studied theology at Geneva, Halle, and Berlin; lived for a long time in the United States, and was pastor of a French church in New-York City from 1848 to 1853. From 1856 he has been professor of philosophy and theology in the Free Faculty at Lausanne, and editor of the Revue de Théologie et de Philosophie. Besides a history of the United States (Paris, 1865, 2 vols.), and of the revival there of 1857-58 (Lausanne, 1859), and various polemical pamphlets against MM. Scherer, Hornung, and Bersier, he has published an edition of the Pensées de Pascal, 1857, 2d ed., 1882; Esprit d'Alexandre Vinet, Paris, 1861, 2 vols.; Les deux théologies nouvelles dans le sein du Protestantisme Français, 1862; Explication de l'évangile selon Saint-Jean, Geneva, 1864, 3 vols. (the first two were anonymous); Théologie allemande contemporaine, 1875; Mélanges de théologie et de philosophie, Lausanne, 1878.

ATLAY, Right Rev. James, D.D. (Cambridge, 1859), Lord Bishop of Hereford, Church of England; b. at Wakerley, Northamptonshire, Eng., in the year 1817; was scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge; Bell's University scholar, 1837; graduated B.A. (senior optime, 1st class classical tripos), 1840; M.A., 1843; B.D., 1850. He was a fellow of St. John's College, 1842-59; tutor, 1846-59; curate of Warsop, Notts, 1842; vicar of Madingley, Cambridge, 1847-52; Whitehall preacher, 1856-58; vicar of Leeds and rural dean, 1859-68; canon residentiary of Ripon Cathedral, 1861-68; consecrated Lord Bishop of Hereford, 1868.

ATTERBURY, William Wallace, Presbyterian; b. at Newark, N.J., Aug. 4, 1823; graduated at Yale College, 1843; was resident for a year, then entered Yale Theological Seminary, and graduated, 1847; was ordained, 1848; established Presbyterian Church at Lansing, Mich., 1848; was pastor there until 1854; at Madison, Ind., 185466; in Europe and the East; supplied pulpits at Cleveland, O., and elsewhere; became secretary of the New-York Sabbath Committee, 1869. He is an active member of the United-States Branch of the Evangelical Alliance, and was its secretary in 1875. He has written numerous documents, reports, articles for the press, etc., mostly on the various aspects of the Sunday question.

ARTHUR, William, Methodist; b. at Kells, County Antrim, Ireland, 1819; graduated at Hoxton College, London, 1839; was missionary in India, 1839-41; and in France, 1846-48; secretary of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, 1851-68, and since honorary secretary. He was president of the Wesleyan Conference in 1866; and from 1868 to 1871, of the Belfast Methodist College. He is one of the honorary secretaries of the British Branch of the Evangelical Alliance, and has attended most of the General Conferences of the ATWOOD, Isaac Morgan, D.D. (Tufts, 1879), Alliance. He has written, besides sundry tracts Universalist; b. at Pembroke, Genesee County, and pamphlets, A Mission to the Mysore, with Scenes | N.Y., March 24, 1838; was pastor in the States of and Facts illustrative of India, its People and its Reli- New York, Maine, and Massachusetts; editor of gion, London, 1847, 2d ed., 1848; The Successful the Boston Universalist, 1867-72; since and now Merchant, Sketches of the Life of Mr. Samuel Bud-associate editor of the Christian Leader; and since gett, 1852, 95th ed., 1884 (reprinted in New York, and there is also a Welsh trans.); The Tongue of Fire, or True Power of Christianity, 1856, 40th ed., 1885; In America, 1856 (reprinted, New York); Italy in Transition, Public Scenes and Private Opinions in the Spring of 1860, illustrated by Official

1879 has been president of the Canton (N.Y.) Theological School, and Dockstader professor of theology and ethics. He has published, Have we outgrown Christianity? Boston, 1870; Latest Word of Universalism, 1878; Walks about Zion, 1882; Episcopacy, 1884.