BUCKLEY, James Monroe, D.D. (Wesleyan University, 1876), LL.D. (Emory and Henry Čollege, Virginia, 1882), Methodist; b. at Rahway, N.J., Dec. 16, 1836; entered Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., in 1856, but compelled by impaired health to leave in 1858; from then until 1880 he was a Methodist pastor, in New Hampshire 1858-63, Michigan (Detroit) 186366, New York (Brooklyn) 1866-69, 1872-75, 1878-80, and Connecticut (Stamford) 1869–72, 1875-78. In 1880 he was elected to his present position, editor of the Christian Advocate, the chief organ of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is the author of Appeals to Men of Sense and Reflection to begin a Christian Life, New York, 1869, 5th ed. 1875; Two Weeks in Yosemite, 1873; Christians and the Theatre, 1875; Supposed Miracles, Boston, 1875; Oats or Wild Oats? Common Sense for Young Men, New York, 1885.

many for further study, and attended lectures in obscurorum virorum, Dresden, 1882; Der LogosLeipzig, Berlin, and Munich. In 1861 he be-begriff des Johannes Scotus Erigena, Leipzig, 1884; came professor of ecclesiastical history, exegesis, Literaturbericht fur Kirche, Schule und das christand other studies, in his alma mater; and in 1863, liche Haus, 1885; and has edited D. Martini master and director. In December, 1867, he was Lutheri scholas ineditas de libro Judicum habitas called to Constantinople to be the head of the primum edidit, Leipzig, 1884; Ungedruckte Pre"Great School of the Nation" in the Phanar, and digten D. Martin Luthers 1530 auf der Coburg so remained until in 1875 he was sent by the gehalten, Zwickau, 1884; Andreas Poachs handMost Holy Synod of Metropolitans and Patriarch schriftliche Sammlung ungedruckter Predigten D. to the Bonn Old-Catholic Conference (Aug. 10-16, Martin Luthers aus den Jahren 1528-46, Leipzig, 1875), and while there received the patriarchal let- 1884 sqq.; Sechs Predigten Johannes Bugenhagens ter announcing his appointment as metropolitan (Osterprogramm of the university, Halle-Wittenof Serrae in Macedonia, which position he assumed berg), Halle, 1885. He is a collaborator on the December, 1875. In 1877 he was transferred to Erlangen and on the Weimar editions of Luther's the metropolitan see of Nicomedia. In 1880 he works. He has contributed to the Theologische went to Bucharest as commissioner of the Eastern Studien und Kritiken, Zeitschrift für kirchliche O.thodox Patriarchal and other independent Wissenschaft und kirchliches Leben, Beiträge . für churches, to settle the matter of the plundering of sächsische Kirchengeschichte. Greek monasteries in Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1882, as instructed by the Holy Synod of metropolitans in Constantinople, and the Patriarch Joachim III., he wrote a reply to the encyclical | letter of Pope Leo XIII. concerning Cyrillus and Methodius, the Apostles to the Slaves, which was published, with the approbation and at the expense of the Holy Synod, in Constantinople. His fame in the West rests upon his discovery in 1873 of the Jerusalem Manuscript, so called because found in the Jerusalem Monastery of the Most Holy Sepulchre in the Phanar, or Greek portion of Constantinople. This MS. of two hundred and forty small octavo pages contains (1) A Synopsis of the Old and New Testaments in the order of Books by St. Chrysostom; (2) The Epistle of Barnabas; (3) The First Epistle of Clement of Rome to the Corinthians; (4) The Second Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians; (5) The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles; (6) The spurious letter of Mary of Cassoboli; (7) Twelve pseudo-Ignatian Epistles. The Epistles to the Corinthians were published by him with prolegomena and notes in Constantinople, 1875, and at once attracted the attention of scholars, because the text was for the first time entire. "The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," which Bryennios himself did not at first rightly estimate, is of still greater value both for its age and its contents, being no less than a catechetical church manual from the postapostolic age. Having discovered its unique importance in 1878, he set to work to prepare a suitable edition of it; and being an erudite patristic scholar he produced it in Constantinople, 1883, with ample notes and prolegomena in Greek. His edition is the basis of the rich literature on the Didache which has grown up in a short time. See his autobiography which he prepared for Schaff's work on the Didache, New York, 1885, rev. ed. 1886, pp. 289–296.

BUCHWALD, Georg Apollo, Ph.D., Lic. Theol. (both Leipzig, 1884), German Protestant; b. at Grossenhain, Saxony, July 16, 1859; studied theology at Leipzig, 1879-82; became provisional upper master in the Mittweida real-schule, 1882; teacher of religion in the Zwickau gymnasium, 1883; fourth diaconus in the churches of St. Mary and St. Catharine, Zwickau, 1885. In 1883 he discovered in the Zwickau "Ratsschulbibliothek," very important Luther MSS. consisting of lectures, about six hundred sermons,

etc.

He has written Ein Nachklang der epistola

BUDDE, Karl (Ferdinand Reinhardt), Lic. Theol. (Bonn, 1873), D.D. (hon., Giessen, 1883), German Protestant theologian; b. at Bensberg near Cologne on the Rhine, April 13, 1850; studied at Bonn 1867-68, 1869–70, 1871; at Berlin, 1868-69; Utrecht, 1871-73; became privat-docent of Old-Testament theology at Bonn, 1873; professor extraordinary, 1879; was inspector of the evangelical Stift of the University of Bonn, September, 1878-April, 1885. He was in the German infantry during the Franco-Prussian war, 187071. He is the author of Beiträge zur Kritik des Buches Hiob, Bonn, 1876; Die Biblische Urgeschichte (Gen. i-xii. 5) untersucht, Giessen, 1883; and in periodicals has published Ueber vermeintliche metrische Formen in der hebräischen Poesie, in Theol. Studien u. Kritiken, 1874, pp. 747–764; Ueber die Capitel 50 und 51 des Buches Jeremia, in Jahrb. f. Deutsche Theologie, 1878, pp. 428470, 530-562; Das hebräische Klagelied, in Zeitschrift für die alttest. Wissenschaft, 1882, pp. 1-52; Die Capitel 27 und 28 des Buches Hiob, do., pp. 193-274; Gen. 48:7 und die benachbarten Abschnitte, do., 1883, pp. 56-86; Ein althebräisches Klagelied, do., pp. 299-306; Die hebräische Leichenklage, in Zeitschr. d. deutschen Palästina-Vereins, Bd. VI., pp. 180-194; "Seth und die Sethiten," Berichtigung, in Zeitschrift f. d. alttest. Wissenschaft, 1884, pp. 298-302, 1885, pp. 155-160; Gen. 8: 17; 5: 29; 8:21, ein Beitrag zur Quellenkritik der Biblischen Urgeschichte, do., 1886, pp. 30-43.

BUDER, Paul, D.D. (Tübingen, 1880), German Protestant theologian; b. at Leutkirch, Würtem

berg, Feb. 15, 1836; studied at Tübingen, 1851- perpetual curate of Clifton Reynes, Buckingham54; became repetent in the Evangelical Theo- shire, 1854; vicar of St. Andrew's, Whittlesey, logical Seminary at Tübingen, 1861; pastor at near Peterborough, 1861; d. Tuesday, Feb. 18, Backnang (Diakonus und Bezirksschul-inspector), 1886. He edited The Clerical Journal, 1854–68; Würtemberg, 1865; second court preacher at The Journal of Sacred Literature; the second ediStuttgart, 1868; professor extraordinary of theol- tion of Kitto's Cyclopædia of Biblical Literature, ogy, and ephorus of the theological seminary, Edinburgh, 1856, 2 vols. He is the translator from Tübingen, 1872; ordinary professor there, 1877. the Syriac of The Festal Letters of St. Athanasius, In 1869 he received the gold medal for saving a London, 1852; and Metrical Hymns and Homilies child from drowning, at the risk of his own life. of St. Ephrem Syrus, 1853; and author of Luther, He is the author of Ueber die apologetische Auf- his Excellences and Defects, 1857; The Reformed gabe der Theologie der Gegenwart, Tübingen, 1876. Church of England in its Principles and their LegitBUEL, Samuel, S.T.D. (Columbia College, imate Development, 1869; Essays, Biblical and N.Y., 1862; ad eundem General Theological Sem- Ecclesiastical, relating chiefly to the Authority and inary of P. E. Church, New-York City, 1884), Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, 1873; Disestab Episcopalian; b. at Troy, N.Y., June 11, 1815; lishment and Disendowment, 1875; The Art of graduated at Williams College, 1833; was suc- Preaching and the Composition of Sermons, 1881. cessively rector in Marshall, Mich., Schuylkill Haven, Penn., Cumberland, Md., and Poughkeepsie, N.Y.; professor of ecclesiastical history, subsequently of divinity, in the Seabury Divinity School, Faribault, Minn., 1866; professor of systematic divinity and dogmatic theology in the General Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church, New-York City, 1871. He has written, besides numerous articles in periodicals, and a translation from the German of the Report of the Union Conferences held from Aug. 10 to 16, 1875, at Bonn, New York, 1876; The Apostolical System of the Church defended in a Reply to Dr. Whately on the Kingdom of Christ, Philadelphia, 1844; Eucharistic Presence, Sacrifice, and Adoration, New York, 1874.

BUELL, Marcus Darius, Methodist; b. at Wayland, N.Y., Jan. 1, 1851; graduated at New-York | University, 1872; and at the School of Theology, Boston University, 1875; held pastorates at King Street, Conn., Great Neck, L.I., in Brooklyn, N.Y., and in Hartford, Conn.; travelled in Europe and the Levant in 1879-80; pursued his studies at the Universities of Cambridge and Berlin, 1881-85; and in 1885 was appointed professor of New-Testament Greek and exegesis in the School of Theology, Boston University.

BURGESS, Right Rev. Alexander, S.T.D. (Brown University, 1866; Racine College, 1882), Episcopalian, bishop of Quincy, Ill.; b. in Providence, R.I., Oct. 31, 1819; graduated at Brown University there, 1838; and at the General Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1841; successively rector of St. Mark's, Augusta, Me., 1843; | St. Luke's, Portland, 1854; St. John's, Brooklyn, L.I., 1867; Christ Church, Springfield, Mass., 1869; consecrated, 1878. In 1877 he was president of the House of Deputies. Besides sermons, addresses, carols, and hymns, he has written a memoir of his brother, Bishop George Burgess of Maine (d. April 23, 1866; see Encyclopædia, I. 341), Philadelphia, 1869.

BURGON, Very Rev. John William, B.D., dean of Chichester, Church of England; b. at Smyrna, Asia Minor, Aug. 21, 1813; educated at Worcester College, Oxford, graduated B.A. (second-class classics), 1845, M.A. (Oriel), 1848, B.D., 1871; wrote the Newdigate prize poem, 1845, the Ellerton theological essay, 1847, the Denyer theological essay, 1851; was elected a fellow of Oriel College, 1846; ordained deacon, 1848, priest, 1849; Gresham lecturer in divinity, 1868; became vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford, 1863; dean of Chichester, 1876. He has written The Life and Times of Sir Thomas Gresham, London, 1839, 2 vols.; Petra, a Poem, 1846; Oxford Reformers, 1854; A Plain Commentary on the Four Holy Gospels, 1855, 8 vols., new ed. 1877, 4 vols., reprinted Philadelphia, 1868, 2 vols.; Historical Notices of the Colleges of Oxford, 1857; Plain Commentary on the Book of Psalms (P.B. Version), 1857, 2 vols.; Inspiration and Interpretation (answer to Essays and Reviews), 1861; Letters from Rome to Friends in England, 1862; A Treatise on the Pastoral Office, 1864; Ninety-one Short Sermons, 1867, 2 vols.; Disestablishment, the Nation's Formal Rejection of God and Denial of the Faith, 1868; England and Rome. Three Letters to a Pervert, 1869; The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to St. Mark vindicated against recent Critical Objectors and established, 1871; The Athanasian Creed to be retained in its integrity, and why, 1872; A Plea for the Study of Divinity in Oxford, 1875; The Revision revised. Three Articles from the Quarterly Review, 1883; Ten Lives of Good Men, 1885; Poems, 1885

BURNEY, Stanford Guthrie, D.D. (Bethel College, Tenn., 1854), LL.D. (Waynesburg College, Penn., 1880), Cumberland Presbyterian; b. in Robinson County, Tenn., April 16, 1814; licensed by the Nashville Presbytery of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, October, 1834; ordained, March, 1836; pastor at Franklin, Tenn., 1836-38; at Nashville, Tenn., 1841-43; financial agent of BURGESS, Henry, Ph.D. (Göttingen, 1852), Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. (formerLL.D. (Glasgow, 1851), Church of England; b.ly Princeton College, Ky.) 1843; pastor at Memin the parish of St. Mary, Newington, London, phis, Tenn., 1845; at Oxford, Miss., 1848-73 (presiJan. 29, 1808; was educated at the Dissenting dent of Union Female College, 1852-62, professor College at Stepney, and distinguished himself in of English literature, Mississippi State University, Hebrew and the classical languages. After grad-1865-73, both at Oxford); has been professor in uation (1830), he became Baptist minister at the theological department of Cumberland UniSuson. But after a time he thought best to alter his church relations (1849), and was ordained deacon 1850, and priest 1851, by the Bishop of Manchester; became curate at Blackburn, 1851;

versity since its re-organization in 1877, — until 1880 professor of biblical literature, since 1880 of systematic theology. He has been a prominent member or chairman of most of the special

committees of importance appointed by the Gen- Baptism in the History of the Christian Church, eral Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian Philadelphia, 1879; A History of the Anabaptists Church during the past thirty years, notably these three: on revision of form of government, 1854; on union with Presbyterian Church in the United States, 1867; on revision of Confession of Faith, 1880. He was moderator of the General Assembly at Nashville, 1860, and has repeatedly declined re-election. He is the author of articles in periodicals, and The Doctrine of Election, Nashville, Tenn., 1879, and Baptismal Regeneration,

for the Sundays and Holy Days of the Ecclesiastical Year. For Young Persons, Utica, 1839; The Book of Common Prayer interpreted by its History, Boston, 2d ed., enlarged, Washington, D.C., 1849; Old Truths and New Errors, New York, 1850; Addresses and Lectures on Public Men and Public Affairs, delivered in Washington City, Cincinnati, 1856; Lectures on the Book of Revelation, New York, 1860; The Flock Fed: Catechetical Instruction preparatory to Confirmation, 1862; St. Paul in Rome (lectures in Rome), Philadelphia, 1865; Inner Rome: Political, Religious, and Social, 1866; The Ritualism of Law, 1867; A Manual of Ecclesiastical History (from the first to the nineteenth century), 1868-72, 2 vols.; History of the Book of Common Prayer, 1880; History of the Reformation in Sweden, New York, 1883.

BUTLER, Very Rev. Henry Montagu, D.D. (Cambridge, 1867), dean of Gloucester, Church of England; b. at Harrow in the year 1833; educated at Harrow School (of which his father was then head master, afterward dean of Peterborough), and Trinity College, Cambridge; was elected Bell University scholar, 1852, and Battie University scholar, 1853; won Sir W. Browne's medal for the Greek ode, 1853; the Porson prize, the Greek ode, the Camden medal for Latin hexameters, and the members' prize for a Latin essay, 1854; graduated B.A. (senior classic), 1855; M.A., 1858; was fellow of his college, 1855-59; ordained deacon and priest, 1859; head master of Harrow, 1859-85; honorary chaplain to the Queen, 1875-77; chaplain in ordinary, 1877-85; select preacher at Oxford, 1877, 1878, 1882; at Cambridge, 1879; examining chaplain to Archbishop of Canterbury, 1879-85; appointed dean, 1885. He is the author of Sermons preached at Harrow, 1861-69, 2 vols.

BAUM.

Ireland, Jan. 31, 1818; graduated at Didsbury College, near Manchester, Eng., 1844; same year became a member of the Irish Wesleyan Conference; in 1850 joined the New-England Annual Conference; in 1856 went to India to found a mission for the Methodist-Episcopal Church; returned in 1865; succeeded Dr. Mattison as secretary of the American and Foreign Christian Union, 1869; resigned when appointed to found a mission for his denomination in Mexico in 1873; returned, 1879; revisited India, 1883-84. He is the author of Compendium of Missions, Boston, 1852; The Land of the Veda, New York, 1872; From Boston to Bareilly, and back, 1885.

BUTTZ, Henry Anson, D.D. (Princeton, 1875), LL.D. (Dickinson, 1885), Methodist; b. at Middle Smithfield, Penn., April 18, 1835; graduated at Princeton, 1858; studied theology in New-Brunswick Seminary; became Methodist-Episcopal minister, 1858; adjunct professor of Greek and Hebrew (1870), and then George T. Cobb professor of New-Testament exegesis, in Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N.J.; president of the same, 1880. He edited The Epistle to the Romans in Greek, in which the Text of Robert Stephens, Third Edition, is compared with the Text of the Elzevirs, Lachmann, Alford, Tregelles, Tischendorf, and Westcott, and with the chief uncial and cursive Manuscripts, together with references to the New-Testament Grammars of Winer and Buttmann, New York, 1876, 3d ed. 1879; and, with a memoir, B. H. Nadal's Discourses, New York, 1873.

BAUM, Henry Mason, Episcopalian; b. at East Schuyler, Herkimer County, N. Y., Feb. 24, 1848; educated at Hudson-river Institute, Claverack, Dutchess County, New York; read law for three years; entered the Protestant-Episcopal Divinity School of Philadelphia, 1869; was ordained deacon 1870, priest 1872; was rector of St. Peter's Church, East Bloomfield, N.Y., 1870-71; and missionary to Allen's Hill, Victor, Lima, and Honoye Falls, N.Y.; rector of St. Matthew's Church, Laramie City, Wyoming Territory, 1872borough, N.J., 1873–74; rector of St. Matthew's Church, Lambertville, N.J., 1875-76; and of Trinity Church, Easton, Penn., 1876-80; travelled in Europe, 1879-80; since January, 1881, has been editor and proprietor of The Church Review. He is the author of Rights and Duties of Rectors, Church Wardens, and Vestrymen, in the American Church, Philadelphia, 1879; The Law of the Church in the United States, New York, 1886.

BUTLER, James Clentworth, D.D. (Hamilton College, Clinton, N.Y., 1864), Presbyterian; b. in Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 3, 1821; studied in Union Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1846-47, and at the New-Haven (Congregational) Theological Seminary, Conn., 1847-49; was resident licentiate at the latter, 1849-50; Presbyterian pastor in West Philadelphia, Penn., 185268; secretary of the American and Foreign Chris-73; in charge of St. James's Church, Paulstian Union, New-York City, 1868-71; pastor in Brooklyn (E.D.), N.Y., 1871–73; has been without charge in Brooklyn since 1874. Besides numerous articles, he has issued The Bible Reader's Commentary, New Testament, New York, 1879, 2 vols.; in 1883 title changed to Bible Work (5 vols. on Old Testament in preparation).

BUTLER, William, D.D. (Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn., 1862), Methodist b. in Dublin,

CAIRD, John, D.D. (University of Glasgow, John's Free Church, Glasgow (Dr. Chalmers's 1860), LL.D. (University of St. Andrew's, 1883), congregation) from 1871 to 1882, when he was Established Church of Scotland; b. at Greenock, appointed professor of Hebrew and Oriental lanDec. 15, 1820; graduated at the University of guages in the Free Church College, Aberdeen. Glasgow, M.A., 1845; became minister of New- CAMPBELL, James Colquhon, D.D. (Camton-on-Ayr, 1845; of Lady Yester's, Edinburgh, bridge, 1859), lord bishop of Bangor, Church of 1847; of the parish of Errol, Perthshire, 1849; England; b. at Stonefield, Argyleshire, Scotland, of Park Church, Glasgow, 1857; professor of di- in the year 1813; educated at Trinity College, vinity, University of Glasgow, 1862; principal Cambridge; graduated B.A. (senior optime and and vice-chancellor of the University of Glasgow, second-class classical tripos), 1836; M.A., 1839; 1873. He is one of her Majesty's chaplains for was ordained deacon, 1837; priest, 1838; was Scotland. He is the author of Sermons, Edin-rector of Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, 1844burgh, 1859; Introduction to the Philosophy of Re- 59; rural dean of the Upper Deanery of Llandaff, ligion, Glasgow, 1880; The Philosophy of Spinoza, Northern Division, 1844-57; honorary canon of Edinburgh, 1886. Llandaff Cathedral, 1852-57; archdeacon of Llandaff, 1857-59; consecrated bishop, 1859.