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COWIE.

Rom. ix.-xi., Toulouse, 1864; and has contributed to the Revue théologique, Montauban, and the Revue chrétienne, Paris (1870-77). He became an officier d'Academie, Paris, 1885.

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From 1872 to 1874 he was provis-
New-York City, 1863; bishop of Western New
York, 1865.

ional bishop of the church in Haiti, which he
visited officially. He was prominent in the forma-
He vigorously and successfully
tion of the Anglo-Continental Society (1853), and
gave it its name.

COWIE, Very Rev. Benjamin Morgan, D.D. (Cambridge, 1880), dean of Exeter, Church of England; b. in England upon June 8, 1816; edu-opposed the attempt of the American Bible Society cated at St. John's College, Cambridge; graduated to make slight alterations in the text and punctu(senior wrangler) 1839, M.A. 1842, B.D. 1855; ation of the Bible issued (see art. BIBLE SOCIEordained deacon 1841, priest 1842; was elected TIES, vol. i. p. 263 sq.) and, consistently, also the fellow of his college 1839, moderator 1843; prin- work of the Revision Committee, but was among He has taken great interest in all that cipal of the Engineers' College, Putney, 1844-51; the first to advocate the revision of the Prayer select preacher, Cambridge, 1852, 1856; Hulsean Book. lecturer, 1853-54; minor canon of St. Paul's, Lon- concerns Gallicanism and Anglo-Catholicism. He don, 1856-73; vicar of St. Lawrence-Jewry with attended the second Lambeth Conference, 1878. St. Mary Magdalene, Milk Street, London, 1857- He has written much on behalf of the many 73; one of her Majesty's inspectors of schools, interests which have claimed his attention. In 1857-72; Warburtonian lecturer, 1866; dean of collaboration with the late Bishop Wilberforce Manchester, 1872-83; prolocutor of the Lower he began in 1873 the issue of a serial in deHouse of Convocation of York, 1880-82; became fence of Anglo-Catholicism as against Romanism. chaplain in ordinary to the Queen, 1871; dean of Among his separate publications may be menExeter, 1883. Since 1854 he has been professor of tioned his volumes of poetry, Advent, a Mystery, geometry at Gresham College. He is the author New York, 1837; Athwold, 1838; Christian Balof Catalogue of MSS. and Scarce Books in St. lads, 1840; Athanasion, and other Poems, 1842; John's College, Cambridge Library, Cambridge, Halloween, 1844; Saul, a Mystery, 1845. In prose, 1842; Scripture Difficulties (Hulsean Lectures), Sermons on Doctrine and Duty, 1854; Impressions Loudon, 1854, 2 vols.; Sacrifice and Atonement of England, 1856; The Criterion, 1866 (in which (five Cambridge University sermons), 1856; On he defines his position in the Oxford movement); Essays and Reviews," 1861; Reminiscences of a Moral Reforms, 1869; An Open Letter to Pius IX. City Church, 1867; The Voice of God: Chapters on (in answer to his brief convoking the Vatican Foreknowledge, Inspiration, and Prophecy, 1870; Council), 1869 (widely circulated, and translated into various European languages); L'Episcopat Ministerial Work, Manchester, 1872. de l'Occident, Paris, 1872 (widely circulated by the Anglo-Continental Society); Apollos, or the He is the editor Way of God, New York, 1874; Covenant Prayers, 1875; The Penitential, 1882. of the American reprint of Clark's Ante-Nicene Library, Buffalo, 1885-86, 8 vols.

66

COX, Samuel, D.D. (St. Andrew's, 1882), Bap
tist theologian; b. in London, Eng., April 19,
1826; graduated at the Stepney Baptist Theo-
logical College, London, 1851, and was ordained
pastor of St. Paul's Square Baptist Church, South-
sea; was pastor at Ryde, 1855-59; and pastor
of the General Baptist Church, Mansfield Road,
Nottingham, 1863, where he still remains. He
was president of the British General Baptist Asso-
ciation in 1873, and the founder and first editor
of The Expositor (1875 to 1884), a monthly jour-
nal devoted to biblical exposition, and in it wrote
copiously. His principal separate publications
are The Quest of the Chief Good: Expository Lec-
tures on the Book of Ecclesiastes, with a new transla-
tion, London, 1865; The Private Letters of St. Paul
and St. John, 1867; The Resurrection (expository
lectures on 1 Cor. xv.), 1869; An Expositor's Note-
Book, 1872; Biblical Expositions, 1874; The Pil-
grim Psalms (exposition of the Songs of Degrees),
1874; The Book of Ruth: a Popular Exposition,
1875; A Day with Christ, 1876; Salvator Mundi,
1877; Expository Essays and Discourses, 1877;
Commentary on the Book of Job, 1880; Genesis of
Evil, and other Sermons, 1880; The Larger Hope:
a sequel to Salvator Mundi, 1883; Miracles: an
Argument and a Challenge, 1884; Balaam, 1884;
Expositions, vol. i. 1885, vol. ii. 1886.

COXE, Right Rev. Arthur Cleveland, D.D.
(St. James College, Hagerstown, Md., 1856),
S.T.D. (Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., 1868),
LL.D. (Kenyon College, Gambier, O., 1868), Epis-
copalian, bishop of Western New York; b. at
Mendham, N.J., May 10, 1818; graduated at the
University of the City of New York, 1838, and
at the General Theological (Episcopal) Seminary,
1841; became rector at Hartford, Conn., 1842;
Baltimore, Md., 1854; and of Calvary Church,

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CRAFTS, Wilbur Fisk, B.D., Presbyterian; b. at Fryeburg, Me., Jan. 12, 1850; graduated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn., 1869, and at the School of Theology, Boston (Mass.) University, 1872; was Methodist minister until 1880, his last pastorate in that denomination being Trinity, Chicago, Ill.; became pastor of the Lee Avenue Congregational Church, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1880; and pastor of the First Union Presbyterian Church of New-York City, 1883. He has paid particular attention to Sunday-school work, and conducted the "Sunday-school Parliament in Thousand Island Park, 1876-77; spoke in many cities of Great Britain in connection with the centennial of Sunday schools (1880). He is a vicepresident of the National Temperance Society. Besides numerous articles he has written Through the Eye to the Heart, New York, 1873; Childhood the Textbook of the Age, Boston, 1875 (Mrs. Crafts joint author of both; the latter appeared in enlarged form as a subscription-book under the title, The Coming Man is the Present Child, Chicago, 1879); The Bible and the Sunday School, Toronto, 1876, Chicago, 1878; The Rescue of Child Soul, London, 1880; Plain Uses of the Blackboard, 1880, 1881; New York, 1881; Teachers' Edition of the Revised Version of the New Testament, New York, Talks to Boys and Girls about Jesus, 1881; Must the Old Testament go? Boston, 1883; Successful Men of To-day, New York, 1883 (38th thousand, 1885); Rhetoric made Racy, Chicago, 1884 (Prof. H. F. Fisk joint author); The Sabbath for Man,

CRAIG.

New York, 1885 (3d thousand in second month); What the Temperance Century has made Certain, 1885; Pocket Lesson Notes, 1886 (Mrs. Crafts joint author).

CRAIG, Willis Green, D.D. (Centre College, 1873), Presbyterian; b. near Danville, Ky., Sept. 27, 1834; graduated at Centre College, Danville, 1851, studied at the Danville Theological Seminary until 1861; became pastor at Keokuk, Io., 1862; professor of biblical and ecclesiastical history, of the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the North-West, Chicago, Ill., 1882.

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class classics, second-class law and modern history) 1867, M. A. 1870; was fellow and tutor of his college, 1867-75; public examiner in modern history, 1869-70, 1875-76, 1883-84; was ordained deacon 1870, priest 1873; select preacher in the university, 1875-77, 1883; vicar of Embleton, Northumberland, 1875-84; rural dean of Alnwick, 1882-84. In 1884 he became Dixie professor of ecclesiastical history in the University of Cambridge, hon. M. A.; and fellow of Emanuel College; in 1885 canon of Worcester, and hon. D. C. L., Durham. He has published Primer of Roman HisCRAMER, Michael John, D.D. (Syracuse Uni- tory, London, 1875; The Age of Elizabeth, 1876; versity, N.Y., 1873), Methodist; b. at Schaff-Life of Simon de Montfort, 1876; The Tudors and hausen, Switzerland, Feb. 6, 1835; emigrated to the Reformation, 1876; Short History of England, the United States of America, 1847; graduated 1879; History of the Papacy during the Period of the at the Ohio Wesleyan University, 1860; became Reformation, vols. 1 and 2, 1882. He is founder pastor in Cincinnati, O., 1860; in Nashville, and editor of The Historical Review, 1886, sqq. Tenn., 1864; chaplain U.S.A., 1864; consul at CREMER, August Hermann, Lic. Theol. (TüLeipzig, 1867; attended lectures in theology and bingen, 1858), D.D. (hon., Berlin, 1873), Lutheran philosophy at Leipzig and Berlin, 1867-70; United- (United Evangelical); b. at Unna, Westphalia, States minister at Copenhagen, Denmark, 1870 Germany, Oct. 18, 1834; studied at Halle 1853(appointed by Gen. Grant, his brother-in-law); 56, and at Tübingen 1856-59; became pastor at at Bern, Switzerland, 1881; professor of systematic Ostönnen, near Soest, Westphalia, 1859; ordinary theology, School of Theology, Boston University, professor of systematic theology at Greifswald, 1885. He has published a large number of essays and pastor of St. Mary's there, 1870. He is the of an isogogical, exegetical, and biblico-critical author of Die eschatologische Rede Jesu Christi, character, in Methodist periodicals. Matthäi 24. 25. Versuch einer exegetischen ErörteCRARY, Benjamin Franklin, D.D. (Iowa Wes- rung derselben, Stuttgart, 1860; Ueber den biblischleyan University, 1858, Indiana State University, en Begriff der Erbauung, Barmen, 1863; Ueber 1866), Methodist; b. in Jennings County, Ind., die Wunder im Zusammenhang der göttlichen OffenDec. 12, 1821; educated at Pleasant Hill Acad- barung, 1865; Biblisch-theologisches Wörterbuch der emy, Cincinnati, 1839-41; admitted to the bar in neutestamentlichen Gräcität, Gotha, 1866–67, 2d ed. Indiana, 1844; was successively pastor in Indiana 1872, 3d ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886 (English trans. Conference, 1815; president Hamline University, by Rev. William Urwick, Biblico-theological LexiMinn., 1857; superintendent of public instruc- con of New-Testament Greek, Edinburgh, 1872, 2d tion, Minnesota, 1861; chaplain in the army, ed. 1878, 3d ed. 1886); Ueber Luthers Schrift 1862-63; editor Central Christian Advocate, St."dass unser Heiland ein geborner Jude sei," Cologne, Louis, Mo., 1864; presiding elder in Colorado, 1872; editor California Christian Advocate, San Francisco, 1880. He was in the campaign against the Sioux Indians after the massacre, 1862; in 1863 visited the soldiers in every hospital from Keokuk, Io., to Memphis, Tenn.; was in every General Conference from 1856-1880. He has written addresses, etc.

CRAVEN, Elijah Richardson, D.D. (Princeton, 1859), Presbyterian; b. at Washington, D.C., March 28, 1824; graduated at the College of New Jersey, Princeton, N.J., 1842; studied law, then theology, and graduated at Princeton Seminary, 1848; was tutor in Princeton College, 1847-49; became Reformed Dutch pastor at Somerville, N.J., 1850; pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church, Newark, N.J., 1854. He was elected a trustee of Princeton College, 1859; a director of Princeton Seminary in 1865; was chairman of the committee of the General Assembly on revision of the Book of Discipline, 1878-84; and moderator of the General Assembly, 1885. He prepared part of the American additions to the commentary on John in the American Lange series, and all of those on The Revelation; and has written many review articles. He is particularly familiar with Presbyterian Church law, and is an advocate of pre-millenarianism.

1867; Jenseits des Grabes, Gütersloh, 1868; Vernunft, Gewissen und Offenbarung, Gotha, 1869; Die Auferstehung der Todten, Barmen, 1870; Der Gott des Alten Bundes, 1872; Die kirchliche Trauung historisch, ethisch und liturgisch, Berlin, 1875; Aufgabe und Bedeutung der Predigt in der gegenwärtigen Krisis, 1876; Ueber die Befähigung zum geistlichen Amte, 1878; Die Bibel im Pfarrhaus und in der Gemeinde, 1878, 3d ed. 1879; Die Wurzeln der Anselmischen Satisfactionslehre (in Studien u. Kritiken, 1880); Unterweisung im Christentum nach der Ordnung des kleinen Katechismus, Gütersloh, 1883; Reformation und Wissenschaft (Rectoratsrede zur Lutherfeier), Gotha, 1883; Ueber den Zustand nach dem Tode, nebst einigen Andeutungen über das Kindersterben und über den Spiritismus, 1883 (Swedish trans., Jörrköping, 1885; English trans. by Rev. Dr. S. T. Lowrie, Beyond the Grave, New York, 1885). He was a delegate to the General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance at Basel, 1879, and read a paper on the state of religion in Germany.

CROOKS, George Richard, D.D. (Dickinson College, 1857), Methodist; b. in Philadelphia, Penn., Feb. 3, 1822; graduated at Dickinson College, Carlisle, Penn., 1840; was teacher and adjunct professor of Latin and Greek in the college, 1841-48; pastor of various Methodist churches in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and New York, 1848CREIGHTON, Mandell, LL.D. (hon., Glasgow, 80; editor of The Methodist, 1860-75; since 1880 1884), Church of England; b. at Carlisle, County has been professor of church history in Drew of Cumberland, Eng., July 5, 1843; educated at Methodist-Episcopal Theological Seminary, MadMerton College, Oxford; graduated B.A. (first-ison, N.J. He published, with Dr. McClintock,

CROSBY.

The First Book in Latin, New York, 1846 (numerous editions); with Professor Schem, Latin-English School Lexicon, Philadelphia, 1858, last ed. 1882; with Dr. Hurst, an adaptation of Hagenbach's Theological Encyclopædia and Methodology, New York, 1884; and separately, an edition of Butler's Analogy, with a life of Butler, and Emory's Analysis completed, New York, 1852; Life and Letters of the Rev. Dr. John McClintock, 1876; Sermons of Bishop Matthew Simpson, edited from short-hand Reports, 1885.

CROSBY, Howard, S.T.D. (Harvard, 1859), LL.D. (Columbia College, 1872), Presbyterian; b. in New-York City, Feb. 27, 1826; graduated at the University of the City of New York, 1844; became professor of Greek in this institution, 1851; went in the same capacity to Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N.J., 1859. He was president of the Young Men's Christian Association of the city, 1852-55; licensed by North Berkshire Association, Mass. (Congregational), 1859; received as licentiate by Classis of New Brunswick (Reformed Dutch), Oct. 16, 1860; dismissed to presbytery of New Brunswick, and by it ordained, April 16, 1861; was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of New Brunswick, in connection with his professorship, 1861-63; since 1863 pastor of the Fourth-avenue Presbyterian Church, New-York City. He was chancellor of the New-York University, 1870-81; member of the American Bible Revision Committee, 187081; moderator of the General Assembly at Baltimore, Md., 1873; since 1877 he has been president of the Society for the Prevention of Crime, and takes an active part in temperance and other moral reforms in New-York City. Besides occasional pamphlets, articles, etc., he has written Lands of the Moslem (travels), New York, 1851; Edipus Tyrannus, 1852; New-Testament Scholia, 1863; Social Hints for Young Christians, 1866; Bible Manual, 1870; Jesus, his Life and Work, 1871; Healthy Christian, 1872; Thoughts on the Decalogue, Philadelphia, 1873; Expository Notes on the Book of Joshua, New York, 1875; Nehemiah (in American Lange series), 1877; The Christian Preacher (Yale Lectures), 1880; True Humanity of Christ, 1880; Commentary on the New Testament, 1885.

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lands of Faith, 1856; A Year in Europe, 1857; Knight Banneret, New York, 1882; Edens of Italy, 1882; Evangel, 1883; Coals from the Altar, 1883; Pauline Charity, 1884; Old Wine and New, 1884; Alone with God, 1884; Church Reader for Lent, 1885 (most of these have been republished, London). CUNITZ, August Eduard, D.D., German Protestant; b. at Strassburg, Aug. 29, 1812; studied in its university; became privat-docent in the Protestant Seminary, 1837; professor extraordinary, 1857; ordinary professor, 1864; and since 1872 has held a similar position in the re-organized theological faculty. With Reuss, he edited Beiträge zu den theologischen Wissenschaften, Jena, 1847-55, 6 vols.; since 1863, with Baum and Reuss, Calvin's Opera, Braunschweig, 1863 sqq. (vol. 30, 1885); and with G. Baum, the Histoire ecclésiastique, attributed to Beza, Paris, 1883, sqq. He is the author of De Nicolai II. Decreto de electione pontificum, Strassburg, 1837; Considérations historiques sur le développement du droit eccl. prot. en France, 1840; Historische Darstellung der Kirchenzucht unter den Protestanten, 1843; Ein Katharisches Ritual, Jena, 1852.

CURCI, Carlo Maria, Roman Catholic; b. at Naples, Sept. 4, 1809; and was educated at Naples and Rome, among the Jesuits. He entered the company Sept. 14, 1826; was expelled Oct. 17, 1877, for having refused to recognize as a Catholic doctrine the necessity of the temporal power of the popes. He has held no dignity, either within or without his order. He taught literature and philosophy in Naples, and has preached in almost all the great cities of Italy, - permanently for six years in Naples, in Rome for twenty years at different times, and in Florence since 1877. He is strictly Catholic, and peculiarly devoted to the Church of Rome, whose doctrines and interests he has for half a century strenuously defended, deploring at the same time its decadence. Of this decadence he saw a symptom and an effect in the attitude of the Vatican towards United Italy, and publicly invoked a reform on this point. This idea of reform, to which he thought the abolition of the temporal power might be an aid, caused him to be expelled from the order of the Jesuits, and persecuted accordingly. His polemical book, La nuova Italia e i vecchi zelanti, 1881, was prohibited by the Congregation of the Index, and to this judgment he submitted himself. His Il Vaticano Regio, tarlo superstite della Chiesa Cattolica, 1883, brought upon him an injunction from the Pope, "simply and purely to condemn his book;" and as he, according to the teaching of his conscience, declined to do so, by the order of the Congregation of the Inquisition he was suspended from his sacerdotal functions, CROSS, Joseph, D.D. (Carolina University, and also prohibited from receiving the sacraments. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1854), LL.D. (North-Western Having declined to obey this order, Leo XIII., in College, Ill., 1875), Episcopalian; b. at East a letter to the archbishop of Florence, lamented Brent, Somersetshire, Eng., July 4, 1813; studied his audacity in a general manner, and it was then in Oneida Conference Seminary, Cazenovia, N.Y., that Father Curci submitted to the pontiff a 1832-33; entered Methodist ministry, became an general declaration of obedience to the Church, Episcopalian, was chaplain in Confederate army; which was sufficient to induce Pope Leo to relieve rector at Houston, Tex., 1867; at Buffalo, N.Y., him from the order of the Inquisition. Notwith1868-70; St. Louis, Mo., 1872-73; Jacksonville, standing this release, Father Curci continues to Ill., 1874-77; afternoon preacher in the Church be persecuted by those of the Catholic clergy who of the Heavenly Rest, New-York City, 1884-85. are under the influence of the Jesuits. Besides articles in periodicals, he has written In the last half-century there have been few Hebrew Missionary, Nashville, Tenn., 1855; Head-writers among the Catholic clergy who like Fa

CROSKERY, Thomas, D.D. (Derry and Belfast Presbyterian Colleges, 1883), Presbyterian; b. at Carrowdore, County Down, Ireland, May 26, 1830; graduated at Belfast College, 1848; became a minister, 1860 (served in various places); professor of logic and rhetoric in Magee College, Londonderry, 1875, and of systematic theology, 1879. He wrote Treatise on the Doctrines of the Plymouth Brethren, Belfast, 1880.

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with scholastic theology than with modern philosophy. Hence his writings, which are prolix and heavy in style, lack the strength, freshness, and breadth of truly scholarly compositions, and have neither artistic nor scholarly qualities. His biblical works have no originality, but are substantially only repetitions of medieval notions; and his polemical books have only a personal interest, simply expressing a conscientious protest against old abuses in the Church, which neither in strength nor in influence can be compared with the protests of Arnaldo da Brescia, of Savonarola, and in more modern times, of Gioberti or Rosmini. Yet as an example of a noble self-sacrifice, renouncing the favors of a powerful association, and condemning himself to poverty, rather than bend his knee before the idol of papal temporal authority, Father Curci deserves to be revered by all who hold in honor truth and independence. — V. B.]

ther Curci have distinguished themselves by the abundance of their writings. In 1850 he founded, in Naples, the Civiltà Cattolica, a religious and political review, which soon became the organ of the Society of Jesus, and of the Vatican. As the Review upheld the rights of the Pope over kings and emperors, it soon fell under the ban of Ferdinand II., the despot-king of Naples, and Father Curci was forced to remove it to Rome. But the Civiltà Cattolica still pursuing its course, Ferdinand urged upon Pope Pius IX. the necessity of stopping its publication; and as the Pope was reluctant to take this course, the King threatened to expel the Jesuits from his kingdom if his request was not complied with; whereupon the Review was suppressed, and Curci went to Bologna, but only for a year (1855-56), and on the death of the King (1859) he returned to Rome to continue his work. With the beginning of the national movement in 1859, Father Curci seemed to have somewhat changed his opinions, and to CURREY, George, D.D. (Cambridge, 1862), have taken a more liberal direction; and as his Church of England; b. in London, April 7, 1816; associates continued to hold the old anti-national d. there, April 30, 1885. He was educated at doctrines of the Church, he gradually separated St. John's College, Cambridge; graduated B.A. himself from the Review, becoming more recon- (wrangler and first-class classical tripos) 1838, ciled with the progress of the times, so far at M.A. 1841, B.D. 1850. He was elected fellow of least as it involved the reconciliation of the his college, 1839; appointed lecturer, 1840; tutor, Church with the new Kingdom of Italy. He 1844; Whitehall preacher, 1845; preacher at the remains, however, entirely devoted to the interests Charterhouse, 1849-71; Hulsean lecturer, 1851of the Church; and even when he urges the rec-52; Boyle lecturer, 1851; master of the Charteronciliation of the papacy with Italy, he does so more as a matter of political necessity than as a moral obligation.

The following are the works of Father Curci: La questione romana nell' Assemblea francese, Rome, 1849; La demagogia italiana et il Papa, 1849; La natura e la grazia, 1865, 2 vols.; Lezioni esegetiche e morali sopra i quattro Evangeli, dette in Firenze dal 1 Novembre 1873 al 29 Giugno 1874, Florence, 1874-76, 5 vols. [these lectures attracted a good deal of attention, for in them he expressed his progressive view, e.g., he urged the priests to take part in the elections]; Le virtù domestiche: il libro di Tobia esposto in lezioni, 1877; Il moderno dissidio tra la Chiesa e lo Stato, considerato per occasione di un fatto particolare ("The modern dissension between Church and State, examined on the occurrence of a personal affair"), December, 1877 [it escaped being put upon the Index, was widely circulated in original and translation, e.g., in German, Vienna, 1878, and brought the author before the world as an enlightened priest]; Il Nuovo Testamento volgarizzato ed esposto in note esegetiche e mrali, Naples, 1879–80, 3 vols.; La Nuova Italia ed i vecchi zelanti ("The New Italy and the old zealots"), Florence, 1881, German trans., Leipzig, 1882, 2 vols. [in this work, promptly put upon the Index, he attempts to mediate between Church and State in Italy, and to re-organize the parliamentary parties]; Il Salterio volgarizzato dall' Ebreo ed esposto in note esegetiche e morali, Rome, 1883; Il Vaticano Regio, tarlo superstite della Chiesa Cattolica, Florence, 1883; Lo scandalo del Vaticano Regio, 1884; Di un socialismo cristiano nella questione operaia e nel conserto selvaggio degli stati civili, 1885.

house, London, 1871, until his death; since 1872, prebendary of Brownswood in St. Paul's Cathedral; and since 1877, examining chaplain to the bishop of Rochester. He edited Tertullian's De Spectaculis, de idololatria, et de corona militis, Cambridge, 1854; and prepared the commentary upon Ezekiel in the Bible (Speaker's) Commentary, and that on Ecclesiastes and The Revelation in the S. P. C. K. Commentary.

CURRIER, Albert Henry, D.D. (Bowdoin College, 1883), Congregationalist; b. at Skowhegan, Me., Nov. 15, 1837; graduated from Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me., 1857, and from Andover Theological Seminary, 1862; became pastor of Congregational churches of Ashland (1862) and Lynn, Mass. (1865), and professor of homiletics and pastoral theology in Oberlin Theological Seminary, Oberlin, O., 1881. He contributed to the successive volumes of the Monday Club Sermons upon the International Sunday-school Lessons (Boston), from 1876 to 1882, and articles to The Boston Review, 1865–67.

CURRY, Daniel, D.D. (Wesleyan University, 1852), LL.D. (Syracuse University, 1878), Methodist; b. near Peekskill, N. Y., Nov. 26, 1809; graduated from the Wesleyan University, 1837; became principal of the Troy Conference Academy, West Poultney, Vt., 1837; professor in the Georgia Female College at Macon, Ga, 1839; member of the Georgia Conference, and pastor at Athens, Savannah, and Columbus, 1841; in similar work in the New-York Conference, 1844; was president of the Indiana Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind, 1854; member of New-York East Conference, 1857; was editor of the Christian Advocate, 1864-76; of the National Reposi[Advanced in the study of the Scriptures more tory, 1876-80; pastor, 1880-84; since 1884 editor than the common clergy of Italy, he still moves of the Methodist Review, New York. He has within the narrow limits of Catholic criticism. written A Life of Wyckliff, New York, 1846; The His mind, logically trained, is more in sympathy | Metropolitan City of America, 1852; Life Story of

CURRY.

Bishop D. W. Clark, 1873; Fragments, Religious and Theological, 1880; Platform Papers, Cincinnati, 1880. He also edited the works of Rev. Dr. James Floy, New York, 1863, 2 vols.; Southey's Life of Wesley, 1852, 2 vols.; and Clark's Commentary on the New Testament, 1882-84, 2 vols.

CURRY, Jabez Lamar Monroe, D.D. (Rochester University, 1871), LL.D. (Mercer University, 1867), Baptist; b. in Lincoln County, Ga., June 5, 1825; graduated from the University of Georgia, 1843, and the Harvard Law School, Mass., 1845; was representative in Alabama legislature, 184748, 1853-54, 1855-56; Buchanan elector, 1856; member of 35th and 36th United-States Congress, and of the Confederate Congress; president of Howard College, Alabama, 1866-68; professor of English and mental philosophy in Richmond College, Va, 1868-81; general agent of Peabody Education Fund, 1881-85. In October, 1885, he was appointed by President Cleveland, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Spain. He never has accepted a pastoral charge, although he has been ordained, and has preached frequently. He has issued numerous addresses on political, educational, literary, and religious topics; and one on the Evils of a Union of Church and State, before the General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance in New-York City, 1873 (cf. Proceedings, pp. 544 sqq.).

CURTIS, Edward Lewis, A.B., Presbyterian; b. at Ann Arbor, Mich., Oct. 13, 1853; graduated at Yale College, 1874, and at the Union Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1879; was appointed fellow of the seminary; spent two years in study abroad, chiefly at Berlin; in 1881 was appointed instructor, and in 1884 associate professor of Old-Testament literature, in the Presbyterian Seminary of the North-West, Chicago, Iй.

CURTISS, Samuel Ives, Ph.D. (Leipzig, 1876), Lic. Theol. (hon., Berlin, 1878), D.D. (Iowa College, 1878, Amherst, 1881), Congregationalist; b. at Union, Conn., Feb. 5, 1844; graduated at Amherst College, 1867, and at Union Theological Seminary, New-York City, 1870; was pastor of the Alexander Mission, King Street, New York,

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connected with the Fifth-avenue Presbyterian
Church, 1870-72; and of the American Chapel,
Leipzig, 1874-78. In 1872 he went to Germany,
studied nine months in Bonn (1872-73), and then
at Leipzig (1873-78), and received private in-
struction from Prof. Franz Delitzsch (four years)
and Dr. J. H. R. Biesenthal. From 1878-79 he
was New-England professor of biblical literature
in Chicago (Congregational) Theological Semi-
nary, and since 1879 has been New-England pro-
He is the translator of Bickell's Out-
fessor of Old-Testament literature and interpre-
tation.
lines of Hebrew Grammar, Leipzig, 1877; and of
Delitzsch's Messianic Prophecies, Edinburgh, 1880,
and Old-Testament History of Redemption, 1881;
and author of The Name Machabee, Leipzig,
1876 (his doctor's thesis); The Levitical Priests,
Edinburgh, 1877; De Aaronitici sacerdotii atque
thora Elohisticæ origine, Leipzig, 1878 (his licen-
tiate thesis); Ingersoll and Moses, Chicago, 1879;
and of contributions to Current Discussions in
Theology, 1883 sqq. and in periodicals. He is
associate editor of the Bibliotheca Sacra.

CUYLER, Theodore Ledyard, D.D. (Princeton,
1866), Presbyterian; b. at Aurora, Cayuga County,
N. Y., Jan. 10, 1822; graduated at the College of
New Jersey, 1841, and at Princeton Theological
Seminary, 1846; became stated supply at Bur-
lington, N.J., 1846; pastor of the Third Presby-
terian Church, Trenton, 1849; of the Market-
street Reformed Church, New-York City, 1853;
and of the Lafayette-avenue Presbyterian Church,
Brooklyn, N.Y., 1860. His church reported in
1885 a membership of 2,012. He has contrib-
uted 2,700 articles to leading religious papers of
America and Europe, and been active in temper-
ance work. He is the author of Stray Arrows,
New York, 1852, new ed. 1880; The Cedar Chris-
tian, 1858, new ed. 1881; The Empty Crib: A
Memorial, 1868; Heart Life, 1871; Thought Hives,
1872; Pointed Papers for the Christian Life, 1879;
From the Nile to Norway, 1881; God's Light on
Dark Clouds, 1882; Wayside Springs from the
Fountain of Life, 1883; Right to the Point, 1884;
Lafayette-avenue Church, 1885 (exercises connected
with the celebration of the 25th anniversary of
his pastorate, April 5 and 6, 1885).

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