DE WITT. 1856-57; became gymnasial teacher in Berlin, 1857; professor extraordinary of theology in Berlin University, 1885. He is the author of Des Ambrosius Lehre von der Sünde und der Sündentilgung, Berlin, 1867; Drei Actenstücke zur Geschichte des Donatismus, 1875; Die Synode zu Sens (1141) und die Verurteilung Abälards, 1880; Peter Abalard, ein kritischer Theologe des 12. Jahrhunderts, Leipzig, 1883; Luthers These vom Jahre 1519 über die päpstliche Gewalt, Berlin, 1884. 53 DIECKHOFF. Question of the Future Punishment of Those who Die Impenitent, 1865; Mourt's Relation, 1865; Church's Philip's War (both edited with notes), 1865; The Spread of the Gospel in the City among the Poor who habitually neglect the Sanctuary, 1866; Church's Eastern Expeditions (edited with notes), 1867; A Glance at the Ecclesiastical Councils of New England, 1867; The Church Polity of the Pilgrim Memoranda, 1870; As to Roger Williams, Pilgrims the Polity of the New Testament, 1870;' DE WITT, John, D.D. (Rutgers College, 1860), and his "Banishment" from the Massachusetts ColReformed (Dutch); b. at Albany, N. Y., Nov. 29, ony, 1876, 2d ed. 1877; The Congregationalism of 1821; graduated at Rutgers College 1838, and at the last Three Hundred Years, as seen in its Literthe Reformed Dutch Theological Seminary, both ature: with Special Reference to Certain Recondite, in New Brunswick, N.J., 1842; pastor of the Neglected, or Disputed Passages; with a BibliographReformed Dutch Church at Ridgeway, Lenawee ical Appendix, New York, 1880; A Handbook of County, Mich., 1842-44 (he was its first pastor); Congregationalism, Boston, 1880; Roger Williams's at Ghent, N.Y., 1844-49; at Canajoharie, N.Y., Christenings make not Christians: a Long-lost Tract 1849-50; at Millstone (Hillsborough), N.J., 1850-recovered and exactly reprinted, and edited, Provi63; professor of Oriental literature at New Bruns- dence, 1881; The True Story of John Smyth, the wick, 1863-84; and since 1884 of Hellenistic Greek Se-Baptist, as told by himself and his Contempoand New-Testament exegesis. He was one of the raries, with an Inquiry whether dipping were a new Old-Testament Revision Company from its forma- Mode of Baptism in England in or about 1641; tion. He is the author of The Sure Foundation, and some consideration of the historical value of and How to Build on it, New York, 1848, new ed. certain extracts from the alleged "Ancient Records' 1860; The Praise Songs of Israel, a New Rendering of the Baptist Church of Epworth, Crowle and Butsuggest important modifications of the history of the of the Book of Psalms, 1884, 2d and revised ed. terwick, England, lately published, and claimed to DE WITT, John, D.D. (Princeton, 1877), Pres-seventeenth century; with collections toward a biblibyterian; b. at Harrisburg, Penn., Oct. 10, 1842; ography of the first two generations of the Baptist graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1861; controversy, 1881; Common Sense as to Woman studied at Princeton and Union Theological Semi- Suffrage, 1885. naries, 1861-65; became pastor of Presbyterian Church, Irvington, N.Y., 1865; of Congregational Central Church, Boston, 1869; of Tenth Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, 1876; professor of church history in Lane Theological Seminary (Presbyterian), Cincinnati, O., 1882. He is the author of Sermons on the Christian Life, New York, 1885. 1885. DICKSON, William Purdie, D.D. (St. Andrew's, 1865), LL.D. (Edinburgh, 1885), Church of Scotland; b. at Pettinain Manse, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Oct. 22, 1823; graduated at the University of St. Andrew's, 1851; became minister of the parish of Cameron, Fife, 1851; professor in the and of divinity 1873. Since 1874 he has been University of Glasgow, of biblical criticism 1863, convener of the Education Committee of the Church of Scotland, having charge of the training colleges in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Aberdeen; and since 1866 the curator of the university library of Glasgow, and hence superintendent of the preparation of the new printed catalogue, 1885, in twenty volumes, and of the seventeen volumes of the subject catalogue already issued. Besides various articles in Fairbairn's Imperial Bible Dictionary, Smith's Dictionary of Christian Biography, The Academy, The Expositor, etc., he has published a translation of Mommsen's History of Rome, London, 1862-66, 4 vols., revised ed. 1868; and of Meyer's Commentary on the New Testament, Edinburgh, 1873-80, 16 vols. (of which ten were revised by him throughout); St. Paul's Use of the Terms Flesh and Spirit (Baird lecture for 1883), Glasgow, 1883. DEXTER, Henry Martyn, D.D. (Iowa College, 1865), S.T.D. (Yale, 1880), Congregationalist; b. at Plympton, Mass., Aug. 13, 1821; graduated at Yale College 1840, and at Andover Theological Seminary 1844; became pastor at Manchester, N.H., 1844; in Boston, 1819 (also editor of The Congregationalist 1851-66, and of The Congrega- of which the alphabetic form was completed in tional Quarterly, 1859-66); resigned pastoral charge to be editor of The Congregationalist and Recorder, 1867. From 1877 to 1880 he was lecturer on Congregationalism at Andover Theological Seminary; since 1869 he has been member of the American Antiquarian and Massachusetts Historical Societies, since 1884 of the American Historical Association. Besides contributions to The New-Englander, The New-England HistoricGenealogical Register, The British Quarterly, the Memorial History of Boston, the Encyclopædia Britannica, the Schaff-Herzog, etc., he has written The Moral Influence of Manufacturing Towns, Andover, 1848; The Temperance Duties of the Temperate, Boston, 1850; Our National Condition and its Remedy, 1856; The Voice of the Bible the Verdict of Reason, 1858; Street Thoughts, 1859; Twelve Discourses, 1860; What Ought to be Done with the Freedmen and the Rebels? 1865; Congregationalism: What it is, Whence it is, How it Works, Why it is better than any other Form of Church Government; and its Consequent Demands, 1865, 5th ed. 1879; The Verdict of Reason upon the DIECKHOFF, August Wilhelm, Lic. Theol. (Göttingen, 1850), D.D. (hon., Greifswald, 1856), a strict Lutheran theologian; b. at Göttingen, Germany, Feb. 5, 1823; studied at Göttingen, where he became ordinary professor of theology, 1854; since 1860 he has held the same position, together with the directorship of the homiletical and catechetical seminary at Rostock; since 1882 he has been Consistorial-Rath. From 1860 to 1864 he edited (with Kliefoth) the Theolog. Zeitschrift; in Berlin, 1864, he issued Dieterici's Institutiones catechetica. He is the author of Die Waldenser DILLMANN (Christian Friedrich) August, Ph.D. im Mittelalter, Göttingen, 1851; Die evangelische (Tübingen, 1846), D.D. (hon., Leipzig, 1862), Abendmahlslehre im Reformationszeitalter geschicht- Evangelical Lutheran; b. at Illingen, Würtemberg, lich dargestellt. 1. Bd. 1854; Die evangelisch- April 25, 1823; studied in the seminary at Schönlutherische Lehre von der heiligen Schrift gegen v. thal, 1836-40; at Tübingen, 1840-45; was assistHofmann's Lehre von der heiligen Schrift und vom ant pastor at Sersheim, Würtemberg, 1845-46; kirchlichen Wort Gottes vertheidigt, Schwerin, 1858; travelled and studied, especially Ethiopic, at Paris, Der Sieg des Christenthums über das Heidenthum London, and Oxford, 1846-48; became repetent unter Constantin d. Gr., 1863; Luthers Lehre von (i.e., tutor for three years) at Tübingen, 1848; der kirchlichen Gewalt, Berlin, 1864; Schrift und privat-docent for Old-Testament exegesis in the Tradition. Eine Widerlegung der römischen Lehre theological faculty, 1852; professor extraordinary vom unfehlbaren Lehramte und der römischen Ein- of theology, 1853; professor of the Oriental lanwürfe gegen das evangel. Schriftprincip, mit besond. guages in the philosophical faculty at Kiel, 1854; Beziehung auf die Schrift des Freiherrn v. Ketteler, professor of theology at Giessen, 1864; and at Bischop von Mainz: "Das allgemeine Concil und Berlin, 1869. He has published Catalogus codiseine Bedeutung für unsere Zeit," Rostock, 1870; cum orientalium MSS. qui in Museo Britannico Der Schlusssatz der Marburger Artikel und seine asservantur. P. III. Codices Ethiopicos amplecBedeutung für die richtige Beurtheilung des Verhält- tens, London, 1847; Catalogus codicum manuscrip nisses der Confessionskirchen zu einander, 1872; torum Bibliotheca Bodleiana Oxoniensis. P. VII. Staat und Kirche. Principielle Betrachtungen über Codices Ethiopici, digessit A. Dillmann, Oxford, das Verhältniss beider zu einander aus dem Gesichts- 1848; Liber Henoch, Ethiopice, Leipzig, 1851; punkte des christlichen Staats nebst einer Anhang| Das Buch Henoch übersetzt u. erklärt, 1853; Das über das neue preuss-Schulaufsichtsgesetz, Leipzig, christliche Adambuch des Morgenlandes, aus dem 1872; Die obligatorische Civilehe, 1873; Die kirch- Ethiopischen übersetzt (reprinted from Ewald's liche Trauung, ihre Geschichte im Zusammenhange Jahrbücher), 1853; Biblia Veteris Testamenti Æthimit der Entwickelung des Eheschliessungsrechts und opica, Tomus I. Octateuchus. Fasc. 1, Genesin, ihr Verhältniss zur Civilehe, Rostock, 1878; Civ- Exodum, Leviticum (1853). Fasc. 2, Numeros et ilehe und kirchliche Trauung. Das Gegensatzver- Deuteronomium (1854). Fasc. 3, Josua, Judicum hältniss zwischen beiden dargelegt, 1880; Justin, et Ruth (1855). Tomus II. Fasc. 1 et 2, Libri Augustin, Bernhard und Luther. Der Entwickel- | Regum (1861 and 1871); Grammatik der æthioungsgang christlicher Wahrheitserfassung in der pischen Sprache, 1857; Liber Jubilæorum, Ethiopice, Kirche als Beweis für die Lehre der Reformation 1859; Lexicon linguæ Æthiopica, 1865; Chresto(five lectures), Leipzig, 1882; Die Menschwerdung mathia Ethiopica cum glossario, 1866; Erklärung des Sohnes Gottes. Ein Votum über die Theologie des B. Hiob (1869), Genesis (1875, 3d ed. 1886), Ritschl's, 1882; Die Stellung der theologischen Exodus u. Leviticus (1880), and Numeri, DeuteFakultäten zur Kirche, 1883; Die Stellung Luthers | ronomium u. Josua (1886), - these commentaries zur Kirche und ihrer Reformation in der Zeit vor are all in the Kurzgefassten exegetischen Handbuch dem Ablassstreit, Rostock, 1883; Luthers Recht series; Ascensio Isaia, Ethiopice et Latine, 1877; gegen Rom, 1883; Der missourische Prädestinatian- Verzeichniss d. abessinischen Hdschr. d. k. Bibliothek ismus und die Concordienformel. Eine Entgeg-zu Berlin, Berlin, 1878; Verhandlungen des V.ten nung auf zwei Gegenschriften gegen das Erachten internationalen Orientalisten Congresses in Berlin, der theologischen Facultät zu Rostock, 1885; Der 1881; Das Buch der Jubiläen oder die kleine GeneAblassstreit dogmengeschichtlich dargestellt, Gotha, sis, aus dem Aethiopischen übersetzt (in Ewald's Jahrbücher der bibl. Wissenschaft, Göttingen, 1849-51); numerous articles, academical addresses, etc. 1886. DIKE, Samuel Fuller, D.D. (Bowdoin, 1872), Swedenborgian; b. at North Bridgewater (now Brockton), Mass., March 17, 1815; graduated at Brown University, Rhode Island, 1838; has been pastor of the Society of the New Jerusalem, Bath, Me., since 1840; is teacher of church history in the Theological School of the General Convention of the New Church, Boston, and has always taken a prominent part in Maine educational interests. He has published Doctrine of the Lord in the Primitive Christian Church, Boston, 1870, and various occasional and fugitive pieces. DITTRICH, Franz, D.D. (Munich, 1865), Roman Catholic; b. at Thegsten near Heilsberg, East Prussia, Jan. 26, 1839; studied philosophy and theology at Braunsberg; became priest, 1863; continued his theological studies at Rome and Munich; became privat-docent at Braunsberg 1866, professor extraordinary 1868, ordinary professor of theology 1873. He is the author of Dionysius der Grosse von Alexandrien, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1867. DIX, Morgan, S.T.D. (Columbia, 1862), D.C.L. DIKE, Samuel Warren, Congregationalist; b. (University of the South, 1885), Episcopalian; b. at Thompson, Conn., Feb. 13, 1839; graduated at in New-York City, Nov. 1, 1827; graduated at Williams College 1863, and at Andover 1866; Columbia College, N.Y., 1848, and at the General was pastor of the Congregational churches at Theological Seminary, 1852; became assistant West Randolph (1868-77) and at Royalton, Vt. minister of St. Mark's Church, Philadelphia, (1880-83); since 1881 secretary first of the New- 1853, and of Trinity Church, New York, 1855; England, then of the National Divorce Reform assistant rector of Trinity 1859, and rector 1862. League. He lectured at Andover Theological He is president of the Standing Committee of the Seminary in 1885, upon the family and social Diocese of New York; deputy to General Conproblems. He is the author of Some Aspects of vention; trustee (ex officio) of Sailors' Snug Harthe Divorce Question, in The Andover Review, 1884- bor, and of Leake and Watts Orphan House, and 85; The Family in the History of Christianity, N. Y. president of the board; trustee of General The1885; and in charge of the department of "Socio-ological Seminary (and chairman of Standing logical Notes" in the Andover Review, 1886, sqq. Committee) of Columbia College, of the Society DIXON. Year; and their Connection, Philadelphia, 18—; DODD, Thomas John, D.D. (Centre College, for promoting Religion and Learning, of House of Mercy, Church Orphan Home, Home for Incurables, St. Stephen's College (Annandale, N.Y.), Hobart College (Geneva, N.Y.), Corporation for Relief of Widows and Orphans of Clergymen, Home for Old Men and Aged Couples; vice-president of N. Y. P. E. Public School; executor of three estates and two private trusts, etc. He has published, besides many single sermons, lectures, and articles, Manual of the Christian Life, New York, 1857, new ed. (16th thousand) 1884; Commentary on Romans, 1864; on Galatians and Colossians, 1866; Lectures on the Pantheistic Idea of an Impersonal-Substance Deity, as contrasted with the Christian Faith concerning Almighty God, 1865; Book of Hours, 1865, new ed. 1881; Manual for Confirmation Classes, 18th thousand, 1885; Lec-tist; b. at Salem, Mass., April 22, 1819; gradutures on the Two Estates, that of the Wedded in the Lord, and that of the Single for the Kingdom of Heaven's Sake, 1872; Historical Lectures on the First Prayer Book of King Edward VI., 1881, 4th ed. 1885; Sermons, 1878 (two American and two English editions); Lectures on the Calling of a Christian Woman, and her Training to fulfil it, 1883, 6th thousand 1885; Memoir of John A. Dix (his father), 1883, 2 vols. DIXON, Richard Watson, Church of England; b: at Islington, London, May 5, 1833; educated at Pembroke College, Oxford; graduated B.A. (third-class in classics) 1857, M.A. 1860; won the Arnold prize essay, 1858, and the Cramer prize sacred poem, 1863; was ordained deacon 1858, priest 1859; became curate of St. Mary the Less, Lambeth, 1858; of St. Mary, Newington-Butts, 1861; second master of Carlisle high school, 1863; minor canon and honorary librarian of Carlisle Cathedral, 1868; vicar of Hayton with Talkin, Cumberland, 1875; of Warkworth, 1883; since 1874 an honorary canon of Carlisle; and from 1879 to 1883 was rural dean of Brampton; and He is the since 1885 rural dean of Alnwick. grandson of Richard Watson, the famous Wesleyan theologian. At Oxford he associated with William Morris and Edward Burne Jones in issuing The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, in 1856, which advocated pre-Raphaelite principles. He is the author of Christ's Company, and other Poems, London, 1861; Historical Odes, and other Poems, 1863; Second Peak Prize Essay on the Maintenance of the Church of England as an Established Church, 1873; Life of James Dixon, D.D. (his father), Wesleyan Minister, 1874; History of the Church of England from the Abolition of the Roman Jurisdiction, vol. i. (1529-37) 1877, vol. ii. (1538-48) 1880, vol. iii. (1549-53) 1885; Mano, a Poetical History, 1883; Odes and Eclogues, Oxford, 1884. DOANE, Right Rev. William Croswell, S.T.D. (Columbia College, New-York City, 1869), LL.D. (Union College, New York, 1880), the son of Bishop G. W. Doane of New Jersey, Episcopalian, bishop of Albany; b. in Boston, Mass., March 2, 1832; graduated at Burlington College, N.J., 1850; was professor in the college, 1850-63; rector of St Mary's, Burlington, 1859-63; of St. John's, Hartford, Conn., 1863-67; of St. Peter's, Albany, N.Y., 1867-69; consecrated bishop 1869. Besides many sermons and pamphlets, he has issued The Life and Writings of Bishop Doane of New Jersey, New York, 1860, 4 vols.; Questions on Collects, Epistles, and Gospels of the Church's ated at Brown University, Providence, R.I., 1840, and at Newton Theological Institute, Mass., 1845; became pastor at New London, N.H., 1846; professor of biblical criticism in Hamilton Theological Seminary, 1853, of Christian theology 1861, president since 1871; professor of evidences of Christianity in Madison University, Hamilton, N.Y., 1853-61, president since 1868. He has published Evidences of Christianity, Boston, 1869, last ed. 1876; Christian Theology, Hamilton, N.Y., last ed. 1884. DODS, Marcus, D.D. (Edinburgh University, 1872), Free Church of Scotland; b. at Belford, Northumberland, Eng., April 11, 1834; graduated M.A. at Edinburgh University, 1854; studied theology at New College, Edinburgh, 1854-58; was licensed to preach the same year, and for the next six years preached in various places, but was not settled or ordained until he came to his present charge, the Renfield Free Church, Glasgow, August, 1864. He has been nominated for chairs of systematic theology and of apologetics in Free Church College, Edinburgh. He has published The Prayer that teaches to pray, Edinburgh, 1863, 5th ed. 1885; The Epistles to the Seven Churches, 1865, 2d ed. 1885; Israel's Iron Age, London, 1874, 4th ed. 1885; Mohammed, Buddha, and Christ, 1877, 4th ed. 1886; Handbook on Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, Edinburgh, 1879, last ed. 1885; Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, London, 1880, last ed. 1884; Handbook on Genesis, Edinburgh, 1882; Commentary on Thessalonians (in vol. iii. Schaff's Popular Commentary), 1882; The Parables of our Lord, 1st series 1883, 2d ed. 1884, 2d series 1885. He edited the English translation of Lange's Life of Christ, Edinburgh, 1864 sq., 6 vols., and of Augustin's works, 1872-76; and Clark's series of Handbooks for Bible Classes, 1879 sqq.; contributed translation of Justin Martyr's Apologies, and other portions of Greek writers, to Clark's Ante-Nicene Christian Library, and the articles Pelagius and PredestinaDOEDES, Jacobus Izaac, D.D. (Utrecht, 1841), tion to the 9th ed. Encyclopædia Britannica. Reformed; b. at Langerak, Zuid Holland, Nederland, Nov. 20, 1817; educated at the Latin school of Amsterdam, 1830-34; and at the University of Utrecht, 1834-41; graduated as doctor of theology, June 16, 1841; became preacher in the Reformed Church at Hall, near Zutfen, 1843; at Rotterdam, 1847; professor of theology in the University of Utrecht, 1859. He teaches NewTestament exegesis, hermeneutics, and encyclo DOEDES. 56 DOELLINGER. landsch, en van de oudste drukken v. h. Doopsgezinde martelaarsboek" Het Offer des Heeren," 1876; Encyclopedie der Christ. Theologie, 1876, 2d ed. 1883; De Nederlandsche Geloofsbelijdenis en de Heidelbergsche Catechismus, als Belijdenisschriften der Nederl. Herv. Kerk in de 19de eeuw; getoetst en beoordeeld, 1880-81, two parts; Ter Nagedachtenis van Dr. J. J. van Oosterzee, 1883; De Heidelb. Catechismus op nieuw overgezet en volgens de vertaling van Datheen [Heidelberg, 1563] op nieuw uitgegeven, 1881; Eene christelijke samenspreking uit Gods Woord (Over het onderscheid tusschen Wet en Evangelie) door Petrus Dathenus. Op nieuw uitgegeven naar den eersten druk door J. Î. D. met een naschrift v. d. uitgever, 1st and 2d ed. 1884; lectures, sermons, miscellaneous articles. pædia. He is a theistic and supernaturalistic theologian; and has vigorously opposed the theological school of Groningen, and the so-called "modern theology." In 1843 he received the prize of the Teyler Society, for his essay upon the textual criticism of the New Testament (see below). With Dr. J. J. Van Oosterzee and two other scholars, he issued the Jaarboeken voor Wetenschappelijke Theologie, 1845-57; with Dr. N. Beets and Dr. D. Chantepie de la Saussaye, the Ernst en Vrede. Maandschrift voor de Nederlandsche Hervormde Kerk, 1853 sqq.; and alone, the Evangeliebode (religious weekly), 1849-55; the Kerklijke Bijdragen (essays on church law questions), Harderwijk, 1872, two parts. In 1867 he made the report upon the religious condition of Holland, to the Amsterdam (fifth) Confer- DOELLINGER, Johann Joseph Ignaz, Ph.D. ence of the Evangelical Alliance. He is the (hon., Vienna, Marburg, 1873), D.D. (Oxford, author of Diss. theol. Jesu in vitam reditu, Utrecht, 1881), LL.D. (Oxford and Edinburgh, 1873), Old 1841; Verhandeling over de Tekstkritiek van de Catholic; b. at Bamberg, Bavaria, Feb. 28, 1799; Schriften des Nieuwen Verbonds (the Teyler prize became chaplain in the diocese of Bamberg, essay), Haarlem, 1844; De Leer van den Doop 1822; teacher in the Lyceum at Aschaffenburg, en het Avondmaal, op nieuw onderzocht, 1st part, 1823; and since 1826 has been professor of church Het Avondmaal, Utrecht, 1847; Wat dunkt u van history in the University of Munich, except from uzelven? 1849; Avondmaalsgids, 1850, 4th ed. 1847 to 1849, to which position has been added 1879; De Groninger School in haren strijd, 1851; those of Propst of St. Cajetan, Reichsrath, member Drie Brieven aan Dr. L. S. P. Meijboom, 1852; of the Academy of Sciences, 1835 (president since De Allocutie van Paus Pius IX. Over de Hier- 1873 on nomination of the king, which makes him archie in de Nederlanden, 1853; Hebt gij de kosten chief keeper of the Bavarian scientific collections). berekend? Een woord tot leden der Christ. Kerk, He represented the University of Munich in the 1855; Handleiding bij het onderwijs in de bijbelsche Bavarian Parliament of 1845 and 1849, and a geschiedenis, 1855, 10th ed. 1880 (German trans- Bavarian election district in the Frankfort Diet lation by L. M., Handleitung beim Unterricht in in 1848. After 1848 he gradually became an antider biblischen Geschichte, Kaiserslautern, 1861); Ultramontane. In 1857 he made a journey to De Leer der Zaligheid, 1858, 9th ed. 1880 (Malay Rome; and what he saw then, and subsequently trans. 1860, Javan trans. 1867); Verkorte Iland- learned in the Italian war, 1859, had the effect leiding bij het Onderwijs in de Bijb. Geschiedenis, of confirming him in the views to which his his1858, 6th ed. 1880; Oratio de critica, studiose a torical studies had brought him. In 1861 he Theologis exercenda, 1859; Modern of Apostolisch delivered three lectures in Munich, in which he Christendom? 1860; De zoogenaamde Moderne The advocated the abandonment by the Pope of all ologie eenigszins toegelicht, 1861; Oratio de libertate temporal power. The lectures were published cum Theologia, tum etiam Ecclesiae Christiance, as an appendix to Kirche und Kirchen (see list). strenue vindicanda, 1865; De Leer der Zaligheid. He obtained world-wide fame by his vigorous Verkorte Leiddraad voor katechetisch onderwijs, attack, before and during the Vatican Council, ten behoeve van mingeoefenden, 1865, 4th ed. 1882; upon the infallibility dogma. He, with his felOud en Nieuw! De leus der Christ. Orthod. Theol- low-professor Johannes Huber, wrote Janus, Leipogie, 1865; De gelijktijdige eerbiediging van de zig, 1869, and Römische Briefe vom Concil, von welbegrepen vrijheid der Theologie en der Kerk, Quirinus, originally in the Augsburg Allgemeine 1865; Hermeneutiek voor de Schr. des N. Verbonds, Zeitung. When the dogma was passed, he refused 1866, 3d enlarged ed. 1878 (English trans., by to accept it, and was in consequence excommuniStegman, Manual of Hermeneutics for the Writ-cated April 17, 1871. On July 29, 1873, he was ings of the New Testament, Edinburgh, 1867); elected rector of the University of Munich, by a De Theologische Studiengang geschetst, 1866, 2d vote of fifty-four to six, nor has his excommunied. 1882; 1517-1867, Onze voortzetting van de cation decreased his popularity in Bavaria. He Kerkhervorming na drie honderd en vijftig jaren, presided over the Munich Old-Catholic congress 1867; De Heidelbergsche Catechismus in zijne (1871), and was at that of Cologne (1872), but eerste levensjaren (1563-67), 1867; Inleiding tot de has taken no part in the movement, since he opLeer van God, 1870, 2d ed. 1880; De Leer der poses the formation of a separate church. He Zaligheid volgens het Evangelie in de Schriften des was president of the Bonn Conferences of 1875 N. Verbonds, 1870, 2d ed. 1876; De Leer van and 1876. Among his numerous books may be God, 1871; Geschiedenis van de eerste Uitgaven mentioned, Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte, Reder Schriften des N. Verbonds in de Nederl. Taal gensburg, vol. i. 1836, vol. ii. 1st pt. 1838 (Eng(1522-23), 1872; De toepassing van de ontwikke-lish trans. by E. Cox, London, 1839, 2 vols.); lingstheorie, niet aantebevelen voor de Geschiedenis Die Reformation, 1846-48, 3 vols., vol. i. 2d ed. der Godsdiensten, 1874; De aanval van een Materialist (Dr. Ludwig Büchner), 1874; Nieuwe bibliographisch-historische ontdekkingen. Bijdragen tot de kennis v. d. geschiedenis der eerste Uitgaven v. h. N. Testament in de Nederl. Taal; van de eerste lotgevallen des Heidelb. Catechismus in het Neder 1851; Luther, eine Skizze, Freiburg-im-Breisgau, 1851; Hippolytus u. Kallistus, Regensburg, 1853 (English translation by Alfred Plummer, Edinburgh, 1876); Heidenthum und Judenthum. Vorhalle zur Geschichte des Christenthums, 1857 (English translation, The Gentile and the Jew in the Courts DONALDSON. of the Temple of Christ, London, 1862, 2 vols.); the University of Tübingen, where he studied DORNER, August Johannes, Ph.D., Lic. Theol. (both Berlin, 1867 and 1869), D.D. (hon., Halle, 1883), Protestant (son of the late I. A. Dorner); b. at Schiltach, Baden, May 13, 1846; studied at Berlin; was repetent in Göttingen, 1870-73; since then has been professor of theology and co-director of the theological seminary at Wittenberg. He is the author of De Baconis philosophia, Berlin, 1867; Augustinus, sein theologisches System und seine religions-philosoph. Anschauung, 1873; Predigten vom Reiche Gottes, 1880; Kirche u. Reich Gottes, 1883, besides minor publications and review articles. In 1843 he became professor of theology at Königsberg, in 1847 at Bonn, in 1853 at Göttingen, and finally in 1862 at Berlin. Here, besides being professor in the university, he was superior consistorial councillor (Oberkirchenrath), and from here for twenty-two years he exerted a quiet but mighty influence on the Evangelical Church of Prussia, and on students from all parts of the world. DORNER, Isaac August, D.D., one of the |