(not Lady) C. Mackenzie, and apparently THE NEWSPAPER PLACARD (11 S. xii. 483). -I cannot say when newspapers first began to issue placards announcing their principal contents; but such method of advertising is obviously a mere development of the use of the posters which were common in pre-newspaper days. The first posters were properly so called. They were notices "ALL'S FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR (11 S. xi. 151, 198; xii. 380, 446).-Whoever first formulated this sentiment may be supposed, like the Eatanswill Gazette reviewer of the work on Chinese metaphysics, to have combined his information." For the separate notions that all is fair in war and that all is fair in love must have been current in very early times. When Virgil makes Æneas cry (Æn.,' ii. 390), Dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? a commentator tries to affiliate the thought to Pindar's · χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντα μαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν. Isthmian Odes,' iii. 66. Dr. James Henry in his entertaining if from Casti, Animali Parlanti,' xi. 4, discursive Æneidea' quotes (vol. ii. p. 197) Vincasi per virtude, ovver per frode, 66 pasted on the posts which once separated the footpath from the roadway-or at all events indicated where the footpath might be supposed to be. These bills on posts are often alluded to in seventeenth-century literature. In 1567 Londoners seem to have taken great interest in the whereabouts of and, after giving the words from Ammianus certain Flemings who had fled from Flanders; Marcellinus, xvii. 5, in which the Persian and Stowe mentions that on the morning king Sapor is represented as reproaching of May 4, "beyng Sonday," bills against the Romans for drawing no distinction the fugitives, adorned significantly 66 with before virtus and "dolus," adds:gallowsys, and, as it were, hangynge of Innocent Sapor! how little he knew about Flemyngs drawne in the same papars or had not one virtus, as one 'dolus,' for his friends, 'virtus' or 'dolus'! that never man lived who bylls," were found "fyxed on postes abowte and another virtus,' as another dolus,' for his the citie," to the great excitement of the enemies." passers-by. Plays were announced in the same way. Pepys says he went out to see what play was to be acted, but found none upon the post because it was Passion week. New books and pamphlets were announced by these early posters. Gay winds up his 'Trivia' with a couplet, in the spirit of his friend, and everybody's friend, Horace, in praise of his own work:High raised on Fleet-street posts, consigned to fame, This work shall shine, and walkers bless my name. ་ That all is fair in love has been expressed by Ovid in Juppiter ex alto periuria ridet amantum, &c. Ars Am.,' i. 633. and, before him, by Tibullus, iv. 21, Nec iurare time: Veneris periuria uenti Irrita per terras et freta summa ferunt; and that love is warfare finds expression in Ovid's Militat omnis amans. Amores,' I. ix. 1. EDWARD BENSLY. ANASTATIC PRINTING (11 S. xii. 359, 403, 443). The following extract from 'The Repertory of Arts,' 1832, pp. 401-2, shows Patent Specn. 10,219 of 1844) is of much that the invention ascribed to Appel (Woods' earlier date. Though the two processes are not identical, the similarity between them is The extract runs :very close. HAGIOGRAPHY OF CYPRUS (11 S. xii. 460). Can Pakhou be a form of Pakhom "A new process has been discovered and (Pachomius), so greatly venerated in neigh-books and journals may be printed with great brought into use at Brussels, whereby French bouring Egypt? I suspect that many of facility and accuracy. It consists of an operation, the others, especially if local saints, will be by which, in less than half an hour, the whole of very difficult to identify. Some help might the letterpress upon a printed sheet may be transbe obtained if the date of the saint's festa ferred to a lithographic stone, leaving the paper could be ascertained by local inquiry. a complete blank. By means of a liquid the letters transferred to the stone, are brought out in relief within the space of another hour, and S. G. The objects of the Society are stated in a further circular to be election "to diffuse throughout the kingdom as univer- nature. "The communication of sound political knowledge to the people at large must be of great national advantage; as nothing but ignorance of their natural rights, or inattention to the consequence of these rights to their interest and happiness, can induce the majority of the inhabitants of any country to submit to any species of civil tyranny. Public Freedom is the source of natural dignity, and national felicity; and it is the duty of every friend to virtue and mankind to exert himself in the promotion of it." 'THE VICAR OF BRAY' (11 S. xii. 453).— Bray folk, of whom I am one (for I was a resident parishioner for thirty years, and have still a small holding in the parish), have always been taught that the original Vicar of Bray was Simon Dillin (? Allen or Aleyn), Canon of Windsor, d. 1565. Gough, Berks,' 26, Steele's Collection, P. 21 (Bodleian), says: "This is he of whom ye Prouerb The Vicar of Bray still.' He was the twentieth vicar. I have not the date of his institution, but his predecessor was instituted 1522/3. The author of Hundred of Bray,' pub. 1861, confirms the statement about Col. Fuller, but gives no authority. It is not perhaps generally known that there was a Vicar of Bray who to a great extent coincides with the song. His tombstone is in the centre aisle of Bray Church, and the inscription is as follows: "Subter jacet Devoniensis Franciscus Carswell Jacobo 2do Capellanus; Ecclesiæ de Remnam sacræ Theologiæ Doctor, Regibus Carolo 2do et Rector. Hujus Bibrocensis Vicarius 42 annos. Etatis suæ 70. Obiit 24 Aug., 1709." It may well be that, if the tradition of the song being written by an officer of Guards temp. George I. is founded on fact, this officer may have been a Bray man, who in recording the tradition had his own vicar in mind. G. H. PALMER. In a List of Successions of Colonels there occurs Francis Fuller, 29th Regt., Aug. 28, 1739. See Army List,' printed by J. Millan, the whole complete for 1773, p. 215. regiment at that date would probably be known by the name of its colonel. The R. J. FYNMORE. THOMAS GRIFFIN TARPLEY (11 S. xii. 482). 66 The earliest meeting of the Society was held at the King's Arms Tavern, New Palace Yard, and later meetings at the Freemasons' Tavern (May 27, 1780), at New Inn CoffeeHouse (Feb. 15 and May 24, 1782), at Holyland's Coffee-House (Jan. 24, 1783), and-On his son's matriculation at Christ at 11 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden Church, Oxon (Dec. 24, 1798, aged 17), (Oct. 29, 1784). Dr. Tarpley was given as of the Isle of Jersey, armiger.' He had married Catherine, fourth daughter of Kenneth, Lord Fortrose, eldest son of William Mackenzie, fifth Earl of Seaforth, attainted by Act of Parliament for his participation in the rebellion of 1715. The younger Tarpley, at Christ Church, was Student until 1816, B.A. 1802, M.A. 1805, Proctor 1813, and Vicar of Flower, Northants, 1815. The only list of officials I can find is as follows: Martin, James, Esq., President. The Society issued a quantity of leaflets, &c., under the general title of A. R. BAYLEY. (not Lady) C. Mackenzie, and apparently went to live in Jersey, where, about 1780, was born his son, who became Vicar of Floore 1815. The father was possibly son of the "polished" Dr. Th. Tarpley of Lunenburg, in Virginia. OLD SARUM. "ALL'S FAIR IN LOVE AND WAR (11 S. xi. 151, 198; xii. 380, 446).-Whoever first formulated this sentiment may be supposed, like the Eatanswill Gazette reviewer of the work on Chinese metaphysics, to have "combined his information." For the separate notions that all is fair in war and that all is fair in love must have been current in very early times. When Virgil makes Æneas cry (Æn.,' ii. 390), Dolus an virtus, quis in hoste requirat? a commentator tries to affiliate the thought to Pindar's χρὴ δὲ πᾶν ἔρδοντα μαυρῶσαι τὸν ἐχθρόν. Isthmian Odes,' iii. 66. Dr. James Henry in his entertaining if from Casti, Animali Parlanti,' xi. 4, discursive Æneidea' quotes (vol. ii. p. 197) THE NEWSPAPER PLACARD (11 S. xii. 483). -I cannot say when newspapers first began to issue placards announcing their principal contents; but such method of advertising is obviously a mere development of the use of the posters which were common in pre-newspaper days. The first posters were properly so called. They were notices pasted on the posts which once separated the footpath from the roadway-or at all events indicated where the footpath might be supposed to be. These bills on posts are often alluded to in seventeenth-century literature. In 1567 Londoners seem to have taken great interest in the whereabouts of and, after giving the words from Ammianus certain Flemings who had fled from Flanders; Marcellinus, xvii. 5, in which the Persian and Stowe mentions that on the morning king Sapor is represented as reproaching of May 4, "beyng Sonday," bills against the Romans for drawing no distinction the fugitives, adorned significantly with before virtus and "dolus," adds: 66 gallowsys, and, as it were, hangynge of Flemyngs drawne in the same papars or bylls," were found "fyxed on postes abowte the citie," to the great excitement of the passers-by. Plays were announced in the same way. Pepys says he went out to see what play was to be acted, but found none upon the post because it was Passion week. New books and pamphlets were announced by these early posters. Gay winds up his 'Trivia' with a couplet, in the spirit of his friend, and everybody's friend, Horace, in praise of his own work: High raised on Fleet-street posts, consigned to This work shall shine, and walkers bless my name. Vincasi per virtude, ovver per frode, 'Innocent Sapor! how little he knew about 'virtus' or 'dolus'! that never man lived who had not one' virtus, as one 'dolus,' for his friends, and another virtus,' as another dolus, for his enemies." That all is fair in love has been expressed by Ovid in Juppiter ex alto periuria ridet amantum, &c. Irrita per terras et freta summa ferunt; ANASTATIC PRINTING (11 S. xii. 359, 403, 443).-The following extract from The Repertory of Arts,' 1832, pp. 401-2, shows that the invention ascribed to Appel (Woods' Patent Specn. 10,219 of 1844) is of much earlier date. Though the two processes are not identical, the similarity between them is very close. The extract runs :— 64 HAGIOGRAPHY OF CYPRUS (11 S. xii. 460). Can Pakhou be a form of Pakhom A new process has been discovered and brought into use at Brussels, whereby French (Pachomius), so greatly venerated in neigh-books and journals may be printed with great bouring Egypt? I suspect that many of facility and accuracy. It consists of an operation, the others, especially if local saints, will be by which, in less than half an hour, the whole of very difficult to identify. Some help might the letterpress upon a printed sheet may be transbe obtained if the date of the saint's festa ferred to a lithographic stone, leaving the paper a complete blank. By means of a liquid the could be ascertained by local inquiry. letters transferred to the stone, are brought out in relief within the space of another hour, and S. G. then, with the usual application of the ordinary landed magnate, also in the Midlands printing ink, 1,500 or 2,000 copies may be drawn thought her husband's tenants ill-mannered off, resembling the original typography. The immense advantages of this discovery, for which if they merely took off their hats to her, M. Mecus Vandermaeien has solicited a patent, instead of giving what she considered may be easily conceived. A first application of the more appropriate salutation of raising this discovery has been made by him upon the the hand to the forehead, as if to pull or Gazette des Tribunaux, which is to appear at smooth down the forelock. Her opinion Brussels under a new title." caused both irritation and merriment Meeus Vandermalen is the correct form of among young people. Some of the older the name. E. WYNDHAM HULME. ones, however, liked the ancient, traditional Sevenoaks. gestures, which in their youth had been an indication of polite training, distinguishing mannerly people from the vulgar and ignorant who had nothing to do with important families. ENSIGNS IN THE ROYAL NAVY (11 S. xii. 463).—The first introduction of ensigns in the Navy appears to have taken place in 1189, when, according to Wm. Laird Cowes in the first volume of his work 'The Royal Navy,' Richard I. first used the flag of St. George as the regular national ensign. Then, again, in the second volume of his work he states that soon after the Union of England and Scotland in 1603, all British vessels for a time flew the Union Flag of the Crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, but on May 5th, 1634, it was ordered by proclamation that men-of-war only were to fly it in future, and that merchantmen, according to their nationality, were to wear the St. George's or the St. Andrew's Flag merely. This rule endured until Feb., 1649, when Parliament directed men-of-war to wear as an ensign the St. George's Cross on a white field." In addition to Clowes's great work this subject is fully dealt with in the various encyclopædias. E. E. BARKER. John Rylands Library, Manchester. PORTRAITS WANTED (11 S. xii. 462, 509).— For portraits of Frederick Barnard (Dickens illustrator) see Illustrated London News (1892), c. 592; ibid. (1896), cix. 423, and The Magazine of Art (1896), xx. 56. For portraits of Finley Peter Dunne (creator of Mr. Dooley") see The Academy (1899), lvi. 231; The Book-buyer (1899), xviii. 13; The Bookman (1899), ix. 216; The Century Magazine (1901), xli. 63; The Critic (1899), xxxiv. 205; ibid. (1902), xl. 336; and Harper's Weekly (1903), xlvii. 331. 66 66 E. E. BARKER, YES, SIR "(11 S. xii. 458).-I have twice heard Yes, sir," used by children when addressing a lady, but only twice. Probably in each instance it was an error arising from nervousness. In what parts of England does the reverential curtesy hold its own as a greeting? About 1875, when it was still used in a Midland district which was visited by a Scotch friend of mine, she expressed surprise, for she was quite unfamiliar with it. About the same time the wife of a This reminds me that about the middle of the nineteenth century the great lady of a parish took means to prevent the daughters of the village doctor using parasols, which she considered quite unfitted for their position. SOUTHUMBRIAN. ARCHBISHOP BANCROFT (11 S. xii. 483).— Dr. G. W. Marshall, sometime Rouge Croix, refers to Harleian Society, vol. v. (Oxfordshire), p. 279. A. R. BAYLEY. 'LOATH TO DEPART (11 S. xii. 460).— See 'N. & Q.' 3 S. ix. 433, 501, where a correspondent is referred to Chappell's 'Popular Music of the Olden Time,' i. 173, ii. 772, for both words and music. R. J. FYNMORE. COLTON (11 S. xii. 459).—Witting Colton was admitted to Westminster School about 1710. He tried unsuccessfully to get on the foundation in 1711, but in the following year got in head of his election. In 1716 he was elected head to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was admitted scholar, 10 May, 1717; minor fellow, 2 Oct., 1722; and major fellow, 2 July, 1723. In the Parentelæ or lists of Minor Candidates for 1711 and 1712 he is described as the son of Richard Colton of London. G. F. R. B. J. G. LE MAISTRE, NOVELIST, 1800 (11 S. xii. 480).-John Gustavus Le Maistre was admitted to Westminster School Jan. 13, 1778, and matriculated at Oxford from Ch. Ch. July 5, 1786. He subsequently migrated to Queen's, and graduated B.A. in 1790. He was admitted to Lincoln's Inn June 23, 1786, and was called to the bar June 29, 1791. In his admission to Lincoln's Inn he is described as "the only son of Hon. Stephen Cæsar Lemaistre of Calcutta decd." In the 'Biographical Dictionary of Living Authors' (1816) his name appears as the author of A Rough Sketch of Paris' and CAT QUERIES (11 S. xii. 183, 244, 286, 330, 369, 389, 428, 468).—In my notebook I have the following: "There is a curious Belgian record of a race between a cat and twelve pigeons. They were taken a distance of over twenty miles from their village home and let loose. Although there was a strange river to cross, Puss triumphed and was the first to reach home.' Can any reader give me further details of this race, or any similar trial of the homing" instincts of domestic cats? CHARLES PLATT. sons leurs enfants par d'invraisemblables "French The Bayle, Folkestone. PRONUNCIATION: REGULARITY IN MISCONDUCT (11 S. xii. 430, 490).—-Une grande incompétence en philologie me permettra, au moins, d'être bref en essayant de répondre à la question si spirituellement posée. Les étrangers, j'imagine, continueront à commettre obstinément les mêmes fautes de prononciation dans notre langue aussi longtemps que les Français mettront de la constance à zézayer le th anglais, à défigurer le j espagnol (et je ne parle pas, pour cause, xii. 260, 325, 366).The Etruscans were ETRUSCAN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS (11 S. du ch et des aspirations de l'idiome germanique). La difficulté à former les wonderfully skilled in dentistry" (Introinusités, qui paraît, pour nous, résider plutôt duction to the History of Medicine,' by F. H. dans la gorge et dans la bouche, me semble Garrison, Philadelphia and London, 1914, en partie provenir, pour les étrangers, de P. 80). l'oreille; il s'agit, pour eux dans notre The Græco-Roman references hitherto langue, de menues intonations, de différences mentioned can be brought nearer to date, peu sensibles, auxquelles, pourtant, il thus Milne's book is said to be somewhat convient d'accorder un certain respect, ne hasty in its inferences from part only of the fût-ce que pour l'ancienneté de leur existence.available material; Deneffe's special works Notre peuple est, comme on sait, le plus on Gallo-Roman collections are called conservateur du monde, malgré certaines excellent (see Histor. Vierteljahrschrift, apparences. La langue, du moins dans nos 1914, xvii. 135-6). There is a review of T. campagnes, n'a guère bougé depuis La Meyer-Steineg's Chirurgische Instrumente Fontaine et Rabelais, quand ce n'est pas des Altertums,' which is highly praised, depuis Joinville. Cette immobilité relative though elsewhere said to be weak in its tient précisément à une certaine fixité dans Greek. la prononciation, qui, chez nous, observe assez exactement la différence étymologique entre les divers sons, ouverts ou fermés, d'une même voyelle, entre les labiales ou les dentales, suivant qu'elles sont dures ou adoucies. Pour une oreille avertie, la langue française peut n'être pas aussi monotone qu'elle le paraît, surtout à ceux qui la vont étudier dans les pays où on la prononce le plus mal, ou qui l'entendaient parler à 66 A find of instruments in Ionia finally came to Baltimore, and has these articles upon it: Notes on a Group of Medical and Surgical Instruments found near Kolophon,' by Caton in Journal of Hellenic Studies, 1914, xxxiv. 114-18, which has references at 118; the same writer, with Buckler, has Account,' &c., in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, London, 1913-14, vii., Section on History of Medicine, |