THE MODERN PART OF AN Univerfal History, FROM THE Earliest AccOUNT of TIME. Compiled from ORIGINAL WRITE R s. By the AUTHORS of the ANTIENT PART. IN RECTO DE CVS LONDON: Printed for T. OSBORNE, C. HITCH, A. MILLAR, M.DCC.LXIII. Modern Hiftory: BEING A CONTINUATION OF THE Univerfal History. I The HISTORY of AMERICA. CANADA, [Continued.] N the year 1668, fo great was the attention of the court Prefferous of France to the profperity of Canada, that the affairs of fate of that colony had a moft promifing afpect. Gentlemen Canada. of ancient families aud fmall fortunes in Old France transported themselves to the New, where they had lands and lordships affigned them; and, with a very moderate share of industry, they were foon enabled to live like men of quality. The foldiers of the regiment of Carignan Salieres were now become planters and colonists, and every officer amongst them was a great landholder; a policy that cannot be fufficiently admired in the court of France, as every man thereby had an intereft and a property in what he fought for. New troops were fent over, which ftill added not only to the ftrength, but the tranquillity of the colony; and the habits. of industry, application, and labour, became now to be fashionable. Happily for their neighbours, the fubjects of Great Britain, thofe habits were forced, and of no long continuance. The moment the French planter found means to fubfift himself, with a little outward fhew and splendour, - all toil and application was laid afide; which always gave the English an important fuperiority in the folid poffeffions of life. The tranquillity, however, which the colony enjoyed MOD. HIST. VOL. XL. B was Differences between and Talon. was a proof of its profperity; fo that, towards the end of this year, even the Tfonnonthouans applied to M. Courcelles for a miffionary to inftruct them, and he fent them father Fremin. The Agniers, who had hitherto appeared the most determined enemies of the miffionaries, and who had fo often embrued their hands in their blood, became now reconciled to their doctrines; and vaft numbers of converts were made about the falls of St. Lewis, and the mountain; but the Onneyouths and Goyogouins were lefs tractable. By this time, the Iroquois, remaining in perfect peace, the Algonquins, whom they had diflodged and driven away, returned to their former habitations, all of them converts to christianity, or rather to popery, though Charlevoix ingenuously confeffes, that most of thofe converfions were the effect of intereft and convenience only, and feldom fincere. About this time, father Nicholas, who was labouring with Allouez at Chagouamigon, conducted to Quebec favages who are known by the name of Pierced-nofes, from their practice of piercing their noses, and hanging beads and plates to them. After difpofing of their merchandizes they returned to Chagouamigon. ABOUT the year 1668, or 1669, a misunderstanding grew up between Courcelles the governor-general, and Talon, the Courcelles intendant general of New France. Both of them were men of great and acknowledged ablities. Talon understood the interefts of the colony, and had done it great fervices; but being an accomplished courtier, he efpoufed on all occafions the interefts of the jefuits, whom Courcelles difliked. The latter had fine parts, and would have been a most excellent governor, had he been a little more active; or, if he could have fuffered Talon to have fupplied his place. Talon saw this weakness, and often ventured to dispatch business without confulting the governor general, fo that they lived uneafily together, and Talon going over to France was fucceeded by M. Bouteroue. This minifter brought along with him a letter from M. Colbert to Courcelles, which politely gave him to understand that he ought to live upon better terms than he did with the bishop of Petrée and the jefuits, and that M. Bouteroue was preferred to the intendency of the province, chiefly on account of the great regard he had for that order. Quebec FOR fome years paft a negotiation had been on foot bemade a tween the courts of France and Rome about erecting Quebec bishoprick. into a bishopric. As there was at this time but a very indifferent understanding between the two courts, his holiness • CHARLEVOIX, Vol. II. p. 187. made made great difficulties on account of the independency, which a bishop of Quebec might affect in fo diftant a country. At laft, all difficulties were got over; his most christian majefty, to make fuitable provifion for the new bishopric, gave to it, and the chapter of the cathedral, the rents of the abbey of Maubec, which was afterwards encreafed with those of the abbey of Benevent. So miferably poor, however, was the new bishop of Quebec, and fo griping the papal court, that the bulls of his creation lay for four years at Rome for want of money to defray the expence of paffing them. About this time, Maisonneuve, who had fo long and fo worthily governed Montreal, refigned his poft, and M. Bretonvilliers, as fuperior general of the, feminary of St. Sulpice, named M. Perrot to fucceed him. The latter, who had married a niece of Talon, thought it beneath his character to act under a commiffion from a private subject, and, therefore, had intereft enough to obtain commiffion from the king, which, however, exprefly mentioned that it was granted upon the nomination of M. Bretonvilliers. NOTWITHSTANDING the natural inactivity of Courcelles, Conduct yet he was extremely alert in every thing relating to the in- of Cour tereft of New France, especially with regard to the favages. celles. Understanding that the Iroquois, who lay towards the lake Ontario, had fent prefents to the Outaouais to engage them to bring their furs to them that they might difpofe of them to the English of New York, he refolved to check them. For that purpose he embarked with a body of troops on the river St. Laurence, and notwithstanding the great number of falls and rapids he met with between Montreal and lake Ontario, he fhewed the favages that it would always be in the power of the French to invade them by boats; which had all the effect he could have wifhed for, by their breaking off their commerce with the Outaouais, and the other northern favages. This voyage, however, did fo much prejudice to his health, that he foon after defired to be recalled.. The remaining térm of his government was chiefly taken up in replacing the French fettlements of Acadia and Newfoundland, which had been ceded to the crown of France, by the treaty of Breda. In the year 1670, M. Talon, who had retired from the intendency of New France, only that he might refume it with greater advantages, returned to Canada. That able minifter, notwithstanding all 'his attachment to the jefuits, was convinced that their miniftry was prejudicial to the temporal affairs of the colony; and, during his abfence in France, he had obtained the re-establishment of the fathers recollects, who the reader may remember, were the firft miffionaries in Cana B 2 da, 1670. |