Clathybeg.-The old form is evidently clacha, 'stones'+beg, little,'' small.'

Kincleddie.-Kin- is clear,head,' end.' -cladi suggests the locative of the Gaelic word cladach, ' shore' of sea or lake. Welsh gives cladd, trench,' pit'; cledd, left,' north.' The appearance of the place might suggest the explanation.

Monkscroft.-The old form Mukrath makes the meaning clear: 'place of pigs,' ' piggery'; a common name on Gaelic ground.

Dollerie. The first syllable is no doubt the Dol of Dollar, Dol-men, etc. etc., in origin akin to Dale, but in meaning rather 'a plateau.' The final syllables are suffixes of extension, ‘abounding in,' places of.'

Earn. The oblique case of eire as in Srath-eire 'Strathyre'; and the same word with Eire older Eriu, Ireland,' which has been variously explained.

Pow (Peferin).-Peffer appears in Strathpeffer and elsewhere, associated with rivers. The epithet is evidently the Welsh adjective pefr, fair,' bright,' 'smart.'

Tullichandie. The first part is clearly tulach, the -andie or -chandich is not clear. In the district the ch of Tulach frequently disappears, so that when, as here, the ch appears one is not certain whether the sound belongs to the first or the second part of the name. The latter part may represent a personal name.

Achadlongsih. The persistence of s in longsih makes the name to be achadh, 'field,'+loingsech, 'exile,' 'outlander.'

Ardunie. The interchange of w and g in the old forms suggests that the name means the Ard, Aird, 'height,' of Eogan, 'Ewen.' The final i is puzzling, but may represent a diminutive.

Dubheads.-The name represents Dubbotis; but except in the case of the first syllable Dubbotis does not develop from Dufinder. In the combination ind the usual rule is that assimilates d, but in old Gaelic on the other hand n was expelled before t.

Abthayn. The Latin Abthania, in modern Gaelic Apuinn, Appin.'

--

Bellyclone. The form Macgillon suggests Mac-gill-eoin, son of the servant of John,' the form in which the Macleans have been in the habit of writing their surname in Gaelic. The tradi

tion of the clan is that their ancestor went from near Scone to Argyll. One might interpret the name as Maclean town.'

Ardhennie. The modern form would suggest ard+beinne=Gen. of Gaelic beinn, 'mountain.' The old form is against this, but it probably connects with the cognate Welsh ban, 'a prominence,' a peak.'

Balfour. Notwithstanding the form Baleful, which is probably a slip, the name is Bal-four, the place of pasture (Welsh pawr, ' pasture'; p aspirated to ƒ after Bal-). Cf. Pit-four, Doch-four, etc.

Athebethy.-The latter part is the genitive of beitheach, birchwood.' Possibly called Birch-ford' from birch trees being used to make a crossing. The note makes the Athe=Gaelic àth, 'ford,' clear.

Gorthy (Gortin).-The name of the place where Columba was born. The Goirteans on Gaelic ground are many. A dimin. of gort, gart, of old an enclosed field. The t aspirates in Pictish but not in Gaelic.

Edardoennech.-Eadar-da-aonach, 'between two moors': aonach of old meant 'fair,' 'games'; now in Sc. Gaelic ‘a solitary place, a moor.' Abercairney. v. above aber+cairnie.

Pillandy. Notwithstanding the a, the name is evidently Pit+ lunndaidh, a common word in topography and always associated with marshy, wet places. It has been suggested that London is a variant of the same word.

Kinlocher.—Kin, ‘end,'+tochar, 'causeway.' The last element is common in the topography of Ireland and we have several Kintochers in Scotland.

Buch anty.-Buchany and Buchany Hill are in the district, while Buchan is in Aberdeen. Holder gives Bucconis, now Bouconne, in France. The name may be based on Welsh bwch (Gaelic boc) a buck.'

Pitmane. The modern form suggests Pit+monie, 'of the peat' or of the moor,' according as the o is long or short. The old form is, however, confusing, unless a is a mistake for o.

Dunyduf. This must be 'Black castle'; duf rarely becomes dow, and the -is looks like the Scottish-English plural.

Inchenath.—In point of form the name can easily translate into the haugh of the ford.' But one does not know the place of the stress.

330 CHARTERS OF THE ABBEY OF INCHAFFRAY

Dunfallin.—There is a Dunphail on the Highland Railway. Fal, fail, is 'turf,' which with Dun, 'fort,' 'fence,' would give the meaning of 'stockade.'

Rath is clear, a 'fort,' of a definite character in Ireland according to O'Curry.

Rochallow from the old form looks like ruighe, shieling,' + salach, 'dirty,' possibly seileach, willow.'

Meckphen.-There is a river Meig in Ross-shire, which may be compared with Miglo of Strathmiglo, Meigle, etc. The Welsh migen, bog,' is also compared. If this name connects it might mean bog-end,' although the mode of composition mig+pen, 'head,' 'end,' is unusual.

Dalpatrick. The dale or dol of Patrick. The stress is on Patrick and o might be written easily for a in the first syllable.

Kenandheni.-If the name were in pure Gaelic territory one might suggest that the form is a rather helpless attempt to write ceann-an-aonaich, ' end of the moor': v. Edardoennech, supra.

Tullibardine.-Tulach, knoll'+bàrduinn, v. Monzievaird. Here bard, 'park,' may not be improbable.

Kincardine.Here undoubtedly Kin-, Ken-, 'head,' 'end,'+ carddin, 'wood,' 'wood-end.'

Bardrill. If the Bard here is bard,' meadow,' which is probable, the old form erel may be the modern Welsh erwyll, gloomy,' 'dusky.'

6

Petneweue. If one could read n instead of u in this name, there would be no difficulty in interpreting it as the pit or place' of the neimhidh or church-land,'-neimhidh representing the old Gaelic nemed, chapel,' Gaulish nemeton, a shrine in a grove.' Cf. Navity, near Cromarty; Navaty (Fife); Dalnavie (Rosskeen); Roseneath (Dumbarton).

6

Ogilvie.-Ogil may connect with Ochil (Welsh uchel, 'high,' Gaul. uxellos) in Ochil Hills, and Ogle of Glenogle. The -vie may represent the Pictish form of the locative of the Gaelic magh with m aspirated. In this case Ogilvie would mean 'high plain.'

Rossie. A development of ros in one of its meanings in topography-wood,' 'promontory,' 'moor.'

APPENDIX IV

SOURCES OF THE TEXT

By J. MAITLAND THOMSON

The present volume, text and appendix, consists of one hundred and sixty-four deeds, of which ninety-five are printed from originals, eighteen from copies of various ages and various degrees of trustworthiness, and the remaining fifty-one from Registers. The great majority are derived from the charter chest of the Earl of Kinnoull, viz., eighty-seven originals, two copies, forty-seven Deeds preserved only in the ancient Register which was printed for the Bannatyne Club in 1847, and one from a later (sixteenth century) Register. The ancient Register contains also copies of thirty Deeds here printed from originals at Dupplin, and of seven Deeds of which the originals are preserved elsewhere.

Of the remaining twenty-seven the sources are as follows. The Atholl charter chest supplies two; the Montrose charter chest one; the Gask charter chest (now in possession of Captain P. Blair Oliphant at Ardblair) two; the Abercairney charter chest one; the Dollerie charter chest three; the Vatican Registers three; the General Register House, Edinburgh, one; the library of Magdalen College, Oxford, four; that of Edinburgh University one; and that of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries nine. The footnotes will show sufficiently the source of each particular Deed. It remains to give an account of the manuscripts themselves, and first of those preserved elsewhere than at Dupplin.

One original and three fourteenth century copies are at Magdalen College, Oxford. They are among the titles of Brackley Hospital, in Northamptonshire, annexed to the college in 1485. That hospital having been endowed by its patrons, the De Quinceys, with the church (and also for a time with the manor) of Gasknes or Findogask, thus became a neighbour of Inchaffray. Its Scottish possessions were at length handed over to the Bishop of Dunblane. For the charter preserved at Abercairney it has been necessary to reproduce the previous edition. without collation, access to the original being at present impos

4

1 No. LXIV.

Appendix No. IV. See note there.

2 Appendix, Nos. IV., IV. A., IV.B. + No. XLVI.

sible. For the three originals at Dollerie, to which access has been refused, No. LII. has been reprinted from the Bannatyne Club text, No. CXLVIII. from a facsimile; for No. CXLIX. only a brief abstract has been obtainable.

Of the Deeds taken from the Atholl, Montrose, and Gask charter chests, the Register House, and Edinburgh University, enough is said in the relative footnotes.

Nine Deeds are taken from copies contained in a manuscript in the Library of the Scottish Society of Antiquaries, titled Cartae Variae, and in this volume cited as the Antiquaries' MS. It is a nineteenth century copy of the transcripts made by the Hon. Harry Maule of Kelly between 1700 and 1730, and preserved at Panmure. A selection from these was printed in the Spalding Club Miscellany, vol. v., but many are still unprinted. The nine Inchaffray Deeds, with four others, are stated to have been in possession of Hugh Fleming, W.S., and to have been found among 2 the papers of Mr. George Halyburton, late Bishop of Aberdeen. Their separation from the series at Dupplin is probably accidental. Of three 4 of them there are copies in the Register; the other six 5 are now first printed. A copy of Liber Insule Missarum, which belonged to Dr. John Stuart, has collations in his handwriting of the three charters which are common to the Antiquaries' MS. and the Register. The variants, though their correspondence with the readings of the manuscript is unmistakable, are clearly not taken from that source, but from the originals. Where Dr. Stuart saw these does not appear: Lord Dalhousie at Mr. Lindsay's request kindly caused search to be made for them at Panmure, but in vain. It is probable that all nine originals are extant. For the present, the text of the three registered charters had to be taken from the Register as corrected by Dr. Stuart; for the other six the Antiquaries' MS. is the sole authority.

Of the three documents printed from the Vatican Registers, two are from the Register of Petitions to the Pope, of which a Calendar down to 1419 has been published in the Rolls Series.

1 Nos. XXVIII. and XLV.; Appendix I.; XLIII. and Appendix VI.; CIII.; 2 Died 1737. 3 Died 1715.

XXXIV.

6

Nos. VII., XXIII., L.

Nos. LX., LXXX., LXXXI., XCIII., CXXII., CXXVII.

Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, author and editor of many learned works.

7 Nos. CXXXIX., CXL.

Died 1877.