(c) Certificates and vouchers for economically disadvantaged.

The Secretary is authorized to carry out a special program to demonstrate the efficacy of providing certificates or vouchers to economically disadvantaged, unemployed, and underemployed persons entitling private employers who provide employment, training, and services to each person volunteering to participate in such program to payment in amounts equal to the face value of the certificate for specified periods of time during which each such person may not be fully productive. (Pub. L. 93-203, title III, § 313, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 862.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

Part C of title IV of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 630 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 884. Removal of artificial barriers to employment and advancement.

The Secretary, in consultation with appropriate departments and agencies of the Federal Government, shall conduct a continuing study of the extent to which artificial barriers to employment and occupation advancement, including civil service requirements and practices relating thereto, within agencies conducting programs under this chapter, restrict the opportunities for employment and advancement within such agencies and shall develop and promulgate guidelines, based upon such study, setting forth recommendations for task and skill requirements for specific jobs and recommended job descriptions at all levels of employment, designed to encourage career employment and occupational advancement within such agencies. (Pub. L. 93-203, title III, § 314, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 863.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title. § 885. Training and technical assistance.

The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, and other appropriate officials, where appropriate, shall provide directly or through grants, contracts, or other arrangements, preservice and inservice training for specialized, supportive, and supervisory or other personnel and technical assistance which is needed in connection with the programs established under this chapter. (Pub. L. 93-203, title III, § 315, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 863.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

SUBCHAPTER IV.-JOB CORPS

SUBCHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This subchapter is referred to in sections 802, 811 of this title.

§ 911. Congressional statement of purpose.

This subchapter establishes a Job Corps for lowincome disadvantaged young men and women, sets

forth standards and procedures for selecting individuals as enrollees in the Job Corps, authorizes the establishment of residential and nonresidential centers in which enrollees will participate in intensive programs of education, vocational training work experience, counseling and other activities, and prescribes various other powers, duties, and responsibilities incident to the operation and continuing development of the Job Corps. The purpose of this subchapter is to assist young persons who need and can benefit from an unusually intensive program, operated in a group setting, to become more responsive, employable, and productive citizens; and to do so in a way that contributes, where feasible, to the development of National, State, and community resources, and to the development and dissemination of techniques for working with the disadvantaged that can be widely utilized by public and private institutions and agencies. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV. § 401, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 863.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title. § 912. Establishment of Job Corps.

There is established within the Department of Labor a "Job Corps". (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 402. Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 864.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title § 913. Individuals eligible for enrollment in Job Corps. To become an enrollee in the Job Corps, a young man or woman must be a person who

(1) is a permanent resident of the United States, who has attained age fourteen but not attained age twenty-two at the time of enrollment;

(2) is a low-income individual or member of a low-income family who requires additional education, training, or intensive counseling and related assistance in order to secure and hold meaningful employment, participate successfully in regular schoolwork, qualify for other training programs suitable to his needs, or satisfy Armed Forces requirements;

(3) is currently living in an environment so characterized by cultural deprivation, a disruptive homelife, or other disorienting conditions as to substantially impair his prospects for successful participation in any other program providing needed training, education, or assistance;

(4) is determined, after careful screening as provided for in sections 914 and 915 of this title. to have the present capabilities and aspirations needed to complete and secure the full benefit of the program authorized in this subchapter, and to be free of medical and behavioral problems so serious that he could not or would not be able to adjust to the standards of conduct and discipline or pattern of work and training which that program involves; and

(5) meets such other standards for enrollment as the Secretary may prescribe (including special standards for the enrollment on a residential basis

of 14 and 15 year olds) and agrees to comply with all applicable Job Corps rules and regulations. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 403, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 864.).

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 914. Screening and selection of applicants; generally.

(a) The Secretary shall prescribe necessary rules for the screening and selection of applicants for enrollment in the Job Corps. To the extent practicable, rules established under this section shall be implemented through arrangements which make use of agencies and organizations such as community action agencies, public employment offices, professional groups, and labor organizations. The rules shall establish specific standards and procedures for conducting screening and selection activities; shall encourage recruitment through agencies and individuals having contact with youths over substantial periods of time and able, accordingly, to offer reliable information as to their needs and problems; and shall provide for necessary consultation with other individuals and organizations, including court, probation, parole, law enforcement, education, welfare, and medical authorities and advisers. The rules shall also provide for

(1) the interviewing of each applicant for the purpose of

(A) determining whether his educational and vocational needs can best be met through the Job Corps or any alternative program in his home community;

(B) obtaining from the applicant pertinent data relating to his background, needs, and interests for evaluation in determining his eligibility and potential assignment; and

(C) giving the applicant a full understanding of the Job Corps program and making clear what will be expected of him as an enrollee in the event of his acceptance; and

(2) the conduct of a careful and systematic inquiry concerning the applicant's background for the effective development and, as appropriate, clarification of information concerning his age, citizenship, school and draft status, health, employability, past behavior, family income, environment, and other matters related to a determination of his eligibility.

(b) The Secretary shall make no payments to any individual or organization solely as compensation for the service of referring the names of candidates for enrollment in the Jobs Corps.

(c) The Secretary shall take all necessary steps to assure that the enrollment of the Jobs Corps includes an appropriate number of candidates selected from rural areas, taking into account the proportion of eligible youth who reside in rural areas and the need to provide residential facilities for such youth in order to meet problems of wide geographic dispersion. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 404, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 864.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 913 of this title. § 915. Same; special limitations.

(a) No individual shall be selected as an enrollee unless it is determined that there is reasonable expectation that he can participate successfully in group situations and activities with other enrollees, that he is not likely to engage in actions or behavior that would prevent other enrollees from receiving the benefit of the program or be incompatible with the maintenance of sound discipline and satisfactory relationships between any center to which he might be assigned and surrounding communities, and that he manifests a basic understanding of both the rules to which he will be subject and of the consequences of failure to observe those rules. Before selecting an individual who has a history of serious and violent behavior against persons or property, repetitive delinquent acts, narcotics addiction, or other major behavioral aberrations, the Secretary of Labor shall obtain a finding from a professionally qualified person who knows such potential enrollee's individual situation that there is reasonable expectation that his conduct will not be inimical to the goals and success of the Job Corps and that the opportunity provided by the Job Corps will help him to overcome his problem.

(b) An individual who otherwise qualifies for enrollment may be selected even though he is on probation or parole, but only if his release from the immediate supervision of the cognizant probation or parole officials is mutually satisfactory to those officials and the Secretary, does not violate applicable laws or regulations, and if the Secretary has arranged to provide all supervision of the individual and all reports to State or other authorities that may be necessary to comply with applicable probation or parole requirements. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 405, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 865.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS

This section is referred to in section 913 of this title. § 916. Enrollment and assignment. (a) Two year limit on enrollment.

No individual may be enrolled in the Job Corps for more than two years, except as the Secretary may authorize in special cases.

(b) Military service obligation not relieved by Job Corps enrollment.

Enrollment in the Job Corps shall not relieve any individual of obligations under the Military Selective Service Act.

(c) Oath requirement.

Each enrollee (other than a native and citizen of Cuba described in section 2949 (3) of Title 42 or a permanent resident of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) must take and subscribe to an oath or affirmation in the following form: "I do solemnly

swear (or affirm) that I bear true faith and allegiance to the United States of America and will support and defend the Constitution and laws of the United States against all its enemies foreign and domestic." The provisions of section 1001 of Title 18 shall be applicable to this oath or affirmation.

(d) Assignment to contiguous areas.

After the Secretary has determined whether an enrollee is to be assigned to a men's training center, a conservation center, or a women's training center, the enrollee, shall be assigned to the center of the appropriate type in which a vacancy exists which is closest to the enrollee's home, except that the Secretary, on an individual basis, may waive this requirement when overriding considerations justify such action. Assignments to centers in areas more remote from the enrollee's home shall be carefully limited to situations in which such action is necessary in order to insure an equitable opportunity for disadvantaged youth from various sections of the country to participate in the program, to prevent undue delays in the assignment of individual enrollees, to provide an assignment which adequately meets the educational or other needs of the enrollee or is necessary for efficiency and economy in the operation of the program.

(e) Male enrollees.

Assignments of male enrollees shall be made so that, at any one time, at least 40 per centum of those enrollees are assigned to conservation centers as described in section 917 of this title, or to other centers or projects where their work activity is primarily directed to the conservation, development, or management of public natural resources or recreational areas and is performed under the direction of personnel of agencies regularly responsible for the functions relating to such resources or areas. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 406, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 865.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

The Military Selective Service Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 451 et seq. of the Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense.

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 917. Job Corps centers.

(a) The Secretary may make agreements with Federal, State, or local agencies, or private organizations for the establishment and operation of Job Corps centers. Job Corps centers may be residential or nonresidential in character, or both, and shall be designed and operated so as to provide enrollees, in a well-supervised setting, with education, vocational training, work experience (either in direct program activities or through arrangements with employers), counseling, and other services appropriate to their needs. The centers shall include conservation centers, to be known as Civilian Conservation Centers, to be located primarily in rural areas and to provide, in addition to other training and assistance, programs of work experience focused upon activities to conserve, develop, or manage pub

lic natural resources or public recreational areas or to assist in developing community projects in the public interest. The centers shall also include men's and women's training centers to be located in either urban or rural areas and to provide activities which shall include training and other services appropriate for enrollees who can be expected to participate successfully in training for specific types of skilled or semiskilled employment.

(b) To the extent feasible, men's and women's training centers shall offer education and vocational training opportunities, together with supportive services, on a nonresidential basis to participants in programs described in subchapter I of this chapter. Such opportunities may be offered on a reimbursable basis or through such other arrangements as the Secretary may specify. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 407, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 866.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS
This section is referred to in section 916 of this title.

§ 918. Program activities.

(a) Required features of program.

Each Job Corps center shall be operated so as to provide enrollees with an intensive, well-organized and fully supervised pro ram of education, vocational training, work experience, planned avocational and recreational activities, physical rehabilitation and development, and counseling. To the fullest extent feasible, the required program for each enrollee shall include activities designed to assist him in choosing realistic career goals, coping with problems he may encounter in his home community or in adjusting to a new community, and planning and managing his daily affairs in a manner that will best contribute to a long-term upward mobility. Center programs shall include required participation in center maintenance support and related work activity as appropriate to assist enrollees in increasing their sense of contribution, responsibility, and discipline.

(b) Education and vocational training.

To the extent practicable, the Secretary may arrange for enrollee education and vocational training through local public or private educational agencies, vocational educational institutions, or technical institutes where such institutions or institutes can provide training comparable in cost and substantially equivalent in quality to that which he could provide through other means. (c) Certificates.

Arrangements for education shall, to the extent feasible, provide opportunities for qualified enrollees to obtain the equivalent of a certificate of graduation from high school. The Secretary, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, shall develop certificates to be issued to enrollees who have satisfactorily completed their services in the Job Corps and which will reflect the enrollee's level of educational attainment.

(d) Coordination with community work-experience programs.

The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to assure that Job Corps work-experience programs or activities do not displace presently employed workers or impair existing contracts for service and will be coordinated with other work-experience programs in the community. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 408, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 866.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 919. Allowances and support.

(a) Limitations; enrollee contributions.

The Secretary may provide enrollees with such personal, travel and leave allowances, and such quarters, subsistence, transportation, equipment, clothing, recreational services, and other expenses as he may deem necessary or appropriate to their needs. Personal allowances shall be established at a rate not to exceed $35 per month during the first six months of an enrollee's participation in the program and not to exceed $50 per month thereafter, except that allowances in excess of $35 per month, but not exceeding $50 per month, may be provided from the beginning of an enrollee's participation if it is expected to be of less than six months' duration and the Secretary is authorized to pay personal allowances in excess of the rates specified herein in unusual circumstances as determined by him. Such allowances shall be graduated up to the maximum so as to encourage continued participation in the program, achievement and the best use by the enrollee of the funds so provided and shall be subject to reduction in appropriate cases as a disciplinary measure. To the degree reasonable, enrollees shall be required to meet or contribute to costs associated with their individual comfort and enjoyment from their personal allowances.

(b) Leave accrual rules.

The Secretary shall prescribe specific rules governing the accrual of leave by enrollees. Except in the case of emergency, he shall in no event assume transportation costs connected with leave of any enrollee who has not completed at least six months service in the Job Corps.

(c) Readjustment allowance; advancement or reduc

tion.

(c) The Secretary may provide each former enrollee upon termination, a readjustment allowance at a rate not to exceed $50 for each month of satisfactory participation in the Job Corps. No enrollee shall be entitled to a readjustment allowance, however, unless he has remained in the program at least ninety days, except in unusual circumstances as determined by the Secretary. The Secretary may, from time to time, advance to or on behalf of an enrollee such portions of his readjustment allowances as the Secretary deems necessary to meet extraordinary financial obligations incurred by that enrollee; and he may also, pursuant to rules or regulations, reduce the amount of an enrollee's readjustment allowance as a penalty for misconduct during

participation in the Job Corps. In the event of an enrollee's death during his period of service, the amount of any unpaid readjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5582 of Title 5.

(d) Payment of readjustment allowance to enrollee's spouse, child, or other relative.

Under such circumstances as the Secretary may determine, a portion of the readjustment allowance of an enrollee not exceeding $25 for each month of satisfactory service may be paid during the period of service of the enrollee directly to a spouse or child of an enrollee or to any other relative who draws substantial support from the enrollee, and any sum so paid shall be supplemented by the payment of an equal amount by the Secretary. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 409, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 867.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 922 of this title. § 920. Standards of conduct.

(a) Within Job Corps centers standards of conduct and deportment shall be provided and stringently enforced. In the case of violations committed by enrollees, dismissals from the Corps or transfers to other locations shall be made in every instance where it is determined that retention in the Corps, or in the particular Job Corps center, will jeopardize the enforcement of such standards of conduct and deportment or diminish the opportunity of other enrollees.

(b) In order to promote the proper moral and disciplinary conditions in the Job Corps, the individual directors of Job Corps centers shall be given full authority to take appropriate disciplinary measures against enrollees including, but not limited to, dismissal from the Jobs Corps, subject to expeditious appeal procedures to higher authority, as provided under regulations established by the Secretary. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 410, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 868.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 921. Community participation; community advisory councils.

The Secretary shall encourage and shall cooperate in activities designed to establish a mutually beneficial relationship between Job Corps centers and surrounding or nearby communities. These activities shall include the establishment of community advisory councils to provide a mechanism for joint discussion of common problems and for planning programs of mutual interest. Whenever possible, such advisory councils shall be formed by and coordinated under the local community action agency. Youth participation in advisory council affairs shall be encouraged and where feasible separate youth councils may be established, to be composed of representative enrollees and representative young people from the communities. The Secretary shall establish necessary rules and take necessary action to assure that each center is operated in a manner consistent

with this section with a view to achieving, so far as possible, objectives which shall include

(1) giving community officials appropriate advance notice of changes in center rules, procedures, or activities that may affect or be of interest to the community;

(2) affording the community a meaningful voice in center affairs of direct concern to it, including policies governing the issuance and terms of passes to enrollees;

(3) providing center officials with full and rapid access to relevant community groups and agencies, including law enforcement agencies and agencies which work with young people in the community;

(4) encouraging the fullest practicable participation of enrollees in programs or projects for community improvement or betterment, with adequate advance consultation with business, labor, professional, and other interested community groups and organizations;

(5) arranging recreational, athletic, or similar events in which enrollees and local residents may participate together;

(6) providing community residents with opportunities to work with enrollees directly, as parttime instructors, tutors, or advisers, either in the center or in the community;

(7) developing, where feasible, job or career opportunities for enrollees in the community; and

(8) promoting interchanges of information and techniques among, and cooperative projects involving, the center and community schools, educational institutions, and agencies serving young people.

(Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 411, Dec. 28, 1973, 87 Stat. 868.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L. 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 922. Counseling and job placement.

(a) Testing and counseling at regular intervals.

The Secretary shall provide for the counseling and testing of each enrollee at regular intervals to follow his progress in educational and vocational programs. (b) Job placement.

The Secretary shall counsel and test each enrollee prior to his scheduled termination to determine his capabilities and shall place him in a job in the vocation for which he is trained and in which he is likely to succeed, or shall assist him in attaining further training or education. In placing enrollees in jobs, the Secretary shall utilize the United States Employment Service to the fullest extent possible. (c) Status and progress of terminees.

The Secretary of Labor shall make arrangements to determine the status and progress of terminees and to assure that their need for further education, training, and counseling are met.

(d) Availability of training records to Department of Labor and Office of Economic Opportunity. Upon termination of an enrollee's training, a copy of his pertinent records, including data derived from his counseling and testing, other than confidential information, shall be made available immediately to

the Department of Labor and the Office of Economic Opportunity.

(e) Readjustment allowance; records of former enrollees; copies to Secretary.

The Secretary shall, to the extent feasible in accordance with section 2979 (b) of Title 42, arrange for the readjustment allowance provided for in section 919 (c) of this title, less any sums already paid pursuant to subsection (d) of section 919 of this title, to be paid to former enrollees (who have not already found employment) at the public employment service office nearest the home of any such former enrollee if he is returning to his home, or a: the nearest such office to the community in which the former enrollee has indicated an intent to reside. The Secretary shall make arrangements by which public employment service officers will maintain records regarding former enrollees who are thus paid at such offices including information as to

(1) the number of former enrollees who have declined the offices' help in finding a job; (2) the number who were successfully placed in jobs without further education or training;

(3) the number who were found to require further training before being placed in jobs and the types of training programs in which they participated; and

(4) the number who were found to require further remedial or basic education in order to qualify for training programs, together with information as to the types of programs for which such former enrollees were found unqualified for enrollment.

If the Secretary deems it advisable to utilize the services of any other public or private organization or agency in lieu of the public employment office, he shall arrange for that organization or agency to make the payment of the readjustment allowance and maintain the same types of records regarding former enrollees as are herein specified for maintenance by public employment service offices, and shal furnish copies of such records to the Secretary. In the case of enrollees who are placed in jobs by the Secretary prior to the termination of their participation in the Job Corps, the Secretary shall maintain records providing pertinent placement and follow-up information. (Pub. L. 93-203, title IV, § 412, Dec. 28. 1973, 87 Stat. 869.)

EFFECTIVE DATE

Section effective Dec. 28, 1973, see section 615 of Pub. L 93-203, set out as a note under section 801 of this title.

§ 923. Evaluation; experimental and developmental projects.

(a) Publication of evaluation results; inclusion of summary in annual report.

The Secretary shall provide for the careful and systematic evaluation of the Job Corps program. directly or by contracting for independent evaluations, with a view to measuring specific benefits, so far as practicable, and providing information needed to assess the effectiveness of program procedures. policies, and methods of operation. In particular, this evaluation shall seek to determine the costs and benefits resulting from the use of residential as opposed to nonresidential facilities, from the use of