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clear. Meeting these responsibilities and obligations will be a long, difficult, and challenging adventure. But it is an adventure we can look to with excitement and with the knowledge that the only sure source of failure can be a failure of the will of the American people. I do not believe it will fail.

The foundation for a greatly expanded government contribution to volunteer service already exists. Now we must consolidate that foundation in order to build on it. To accomplish this, I propose a reorganization of the present volunteer service system. Accordingly, I herewith transmit to the Congress Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971, prepared in accordance with chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code. Reorganization would bring together within a single agency a number of voluntary action programs presently scattered throughout the executive branch of the Federal Government. The new agency would be called Action.

COMPOSITION

Under the reorganization plan Action would administer the functions of the following programs:

-Volunteers in Service to America: VISTA volunteers work in domestic poverty areas to help the poor break the poverty cycle.

-Auxiliary and Special Volunteer Programs in the Office of Economic Opportunity: At present the National Student Volunteer Program is administered under this authority. This program stimulates student voluntary action programs which deal with the problems of the poor.

-Foster Grandparents: This program provides opportunities for the elderly poor to assist needy children. -Retired Senior Volunteer Program: RSVP provides opportunities for retired persons to perform voluntary services in their communities.

-Service Corps of Retired Executives: SCORE provides opportunities for retired businessmen to assist in the development of small businesses.

-Active Corps of Executives: ACE provides opportunities for working businessmen to assist in the development of small businesses.

After investigation I have found and hereby declare that each reorganization included in the accompanying reorganization plan is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in section 901(a) of title 5 of the United States Code. In particular, the plan is responsive to section 901(a)(1), "to promote the better execution of the laws, the more effective management of the executive branch and of its agencies and functions, and the expeditious administration of the public business;" and section 901(a)(3), “to increase the efficiency of the operations of the Government to the fullest extent practicable."

The reorganizations provided for in the plan make necessary the appointment and compensation of new officers as specified in section 1 of the plan. The rates of compensation fixed for these officers would be comparable to those fixed for officers in the executive branch who have similar responsibilities.

The reorganization plan should result in more efficient operation of the Government. It is not practical, however, to itemize or aggregate the exact expenditure reductions which would result from this action.

Upon the establishment of Action, I would delegate to it the principal authority for the Peace Corps now vested in me as President and delegated to the Secretary of State. In addition, the function of the Office of Voluntary Action, now operating in the Department of Housing and Urban Development, would be transferred to the new agency by executive action.

Finally, I will submit legislation which would include the transfer of the functions of the Teacher Corps from the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to the new agency. This legislation would expand authority to develop new uses of volunteer talents, it would provide a citizens' advisory board to work with the director of the new agency, and it would provide authority to match private contributions.

GOALS

Although reorganization is only a step, it is the essential first step toward the goal of a system of volunteer service

which uses to the fullest advantages the power of all the American people to serve the purposes of the American nation.

In pursuing this goal, the new agency would, first, expand the testing and development of innovations in voluntary actions. Health services, housing, the environment, educational development, manpower, and community planning are just a few of the areas in which we would act to accomplish more through voluntary service, and I intend to ask for additional funds and additional authority for Action to explore new approaches to these and other problems.

In the future, we are going to have to find new ways for more people to fulfill themselves and to lead satisfying and productive lives. The problems are of concern even now, but they must be put in perspective quickly because they will soon be upon us. I believe at least some of the answers will be found in volunteer service. Action would work to find those answers and apply them.

Second, there are many Americans who want to contribute to our national life through voluntary citizen service, but who cannot serve full time. Their contributions must not be wasted. Volunteers in full-time service would work with part-time volunteers and the new agency would develop and provide opportunities for more people to give part-time service.

Third, Action would bring together in one place programs which appeal predominantly to younger Americans with those that appeal to older Americans, and would work to bring the energy, the innovative spirit, the experience, and the skills of each to bear on specific problems. The generations in America share America's problems-they must share in the search for solutions so that we all may share in the benefits of our solutions.

Fourth, Action would develop programs for combining foreign service with domestic service to accommodate volunteers interested in such an opportunity. I believe that young people in particular would be interested in the chance for this experience and would greatly benefit from it. I know there would be great value, for example, in permitting those who have served the needs of the poor abroad to turn their skills and experience to helping the poor at home, and vice versa. In addition, if volunteers are to reap the full benefit of serving, and if they are to be able to provide others the full benefit of their service, then we must open the doors to a fuller exchange of ideas and experiences between overseas and domestic volunteer efforts. These exchanges would considerably enhance the value of the experience gained in these endeavors by broadening the areas in which that experience is applied.

Fifth, at the present time valuable professional skills offered in voluntary service are too frequently limited by narrow categorical programs when their broader application is urgently needed. For example, the contributions of businessmen made through SCORE and ACE are provided only through the Small Business Administration. We know that the skills of business can be used in many areas where they are not used presently. Action would open new channels for service and would permit a more extensive utilization of business and other vocational and professional abilities.

Finally, by centralizing administrative functions of the volunteer services, the new agency would provide a more effective system of recruitment, training, and placement of full-time volunteers than the present circumstances permit. It would provide a single source of information and assistance for those who seek to volunteer full-time service. And it would permit more effective management of services than is currently possible in the administration of volunteer programs, as well as the more efficient use of resources.

PRINCIPLES

In restructuring our system of volunteer services, we can accomplish the goals which I have set forth. But we must do more than this. We must restructure our thinking about volunteer services. We must determine how to use our volunteer resources to accomplish more than they accomplish now. We need an increased effort to stimulate broader volunteer service, to involve more volunteers, and to involve them not simply as foot-soldiers in massive enterprises directed from the top, but in those often small and local efforts that show immediate results, that give

immediate satisfaction-those efforts that return to citizens a sense of having a hand in the business of building America. Part of our rethinking of this matter must look to the past so that we may properly meet the needs of the present and prepare for the possibilities of the future.

Volunteer service in poverty areas is a case in point. We already have considerable experience in dealing with the problems of poverty through the use of volunteers. Now we must build upon this experience and find new ways to use more effectively the volunteers presently serving in poverty areas, as well as in all other areas, and to stimulate new programs so that additional numbers of volunteers can assist in the solution of community and national problems.

In line with this effort to build on what we have learned, Action would function with particular concern for these basic principles:

-It would encourage local initiative, and would support local programs to solve local problems. -Where appropriate, the new agency would assign volunteers to assist, and work under the technical supervision of other Federal agencies, State and local agencies or organizations, and private sponsors. -The services of local part-time volunteers would be sought and supported in the effort to accomplish specific jobs. They would be assisted, when necessary, by full-time volunteers.

-Universities and colleges, State, city and private organizations must be engaged in the effort to broaden opportunities for volunteer service and under the new agency they would be assisted in these efforts. -Finally, to meet the increasing need for skilled volunteers Action would give increased emphasis to recruiting and applying the skills of trained craftsmen and professional workers.

FUNDING

To insure that the new agency has the financial resources to begin working toward the goals I have outlined, I will seek for this agency an additional $20 million above the budget requests I have already submitted for the component agencies. These funds would be directed primarily to finding new ways to use volunteer services.

CONCLUSION

The early nineteenth century observer of America, Alexis de Tocqueville, was intrigued by the propensity of Americans to join together in promoting common purposes. "As soon as several of the inhabitants of the United States have taken up an opinion or a feeling which they wish to promote in the world, they look out for mutual assistance, and as soon as they have found one another out, they combine. From that moment they are no longer isolated men, but a power seen from afar *

Though we have seen the success of Government volunteer efforts in the past ten years, I believe voluntary citizen service is still little more than a power seen from afar. In relation to its potential, this power is virtually undeveloped. We must develop it.

There are those today, as there always will be, who find infinite fault with life in this Nation and who conveniently forget that they share responsibility for the quality of life we lead. But our needs are too great for this attitude to be accepted. America belongs to all of its people. We are all responsible for the direction this Nation will take in the century ahead, for the quality of life we will lead and our children will lead. We are all responsible, whether we choose to be or not, for the survival and the success of the American experience and the American dream.

So there is little room for the luxury of making complaints without taking commitments.

America must enlist the ideals, the energy, the experience, and the skills of its people on a larger scale than it ever has in the past. We must insure that these efforts be used to maximum advantage. We must insure that the desire to serve be linked with the opportunity to serve. We must match the vision of youth with the wisdom of experience. We must apply the understanding gained from foreign service to domestic needs, and we must extend what we learn in domestic service to other nations. And in all these endeavors, I believe, we can bring the power seen

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§§ 2993 to 2993b. Repealed. Pub. L. 93-113, title VI, § 603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417.

Section 2993, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 820, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 724, and amended Pub. L. 92-424, § 26(c), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703, related to community service programs, providing in: subsec. (a) for term of service and range of activities; subsec. (b) for support and allowances; and subsec. (c) for allowance of service as non-Federal contribution. Section 2993a, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 821, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 724, and amended Pub. L. 92-424, § 26(d), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 703, related to special volunteer programs.

Section 2993b, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 822, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 724, related to demonstration projects to help young adult criminal offenders.

Such former provisions are now covered by various sections as follows:

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§§ 2994 to 2994d. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, § 603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417.

Section 2994, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 831, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 725, related to coordination with other programs.

Section 2994a, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 832, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 725. related to participation of older persons.

Section 2994b, Pub. L. Ɛ8-452, title VIII, § 833, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 726, and amended Pub. L. 90-623, § 5(b), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1315; Pub. L. 91-177, title I, § 112(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 92-424, § 3(d) (3), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 689, related to application of Federal law.

Section 2994c, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 834, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat, 726, related to special limitations.

Section 2994d, Pub. L. 88-452, title VIII, § 835, as added Pub. L. 90-222, title I, § 110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 726, and amended Pub. L. 91-177, title I, § 101(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 92-424, § 2(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 688, related to duration of program.

Such former provisions are now covered by various sections as follows:

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stated goals, their impact on related programs, and their structure and mechanisms for delivery of services, and including, where appropriate, comparisons with appropriate control groups composed of persons who have not participated in such programs. The Director may, for such purposes, contract or make other arrangements for independent evaluations of those programs or individual projects.

(b) Standards for evaluation of programs; publication; financial assistance based upon compliance. The Director shall to the extent feasible develop and publish standards for evaluation of program effectiveness in achieving the objectives of this chapter. He shall consider the extent to which such standards have been met in deciding whether to renew or supplement financial assistance authorized under any section of this chapter.

(c) Community action agencies' independent evaluations.

In carrying out this subchapter, the Director may require community action agencies to provide independent evaluations. (Pub. L. 88-452, title IX, § 901, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 27(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 704.)

§ 2995a. Cooperation of other agencies.

Federal agencies administering programs related to this chapter shall

(1) cooperate with the Director in the discharge of his responsibility to plan and conduct evaluations of such poverty-related programs as he deems appropriate, to the fullest extent permitted by other applicable law; and

(2) provide the Director on a cooperative basis with such agency, with such statistical data, program reports, and other materials, as they collect and compile on program operations, beneficiaries, and effectiveness.

(Pub. L. 88-452, title IX, § 902, as added Pub. L. 92424, § 27(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 704.)

§ 2995b. Consultation.

(a) In carrying out evaluations under this subchapter, the Director shall, whenever possible, arrange to obtain the opinions of program participants about the strength and weaknesses of programs.

(b) The Director shall consult, when appropriate, with State agencies, in order to provide for jointly sponsored objective evaluation studies of programs on a State basis. (Pub. L. 88-452, title IX, § 903, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 27(a), Sept. 19. 1972, 86 Stat. 704.)

§ 2995c. Publication of evaluation results.

(a) The Director shall publish summaries (prepared by the evaluator) of the results of evaluative research and evaluations of program impact and effectiveness no later than sixty days after its completion.

(b) The Director shall take necessary action to assure that all studies, evaluations, proposals, and data produced or developed with Federal funds shall become the property of the United States.

(c) The Director shall publish summaries of the results of activities carried out pursuant to this sub

chapter in the report required by section 2948 of this title. (Pub. L. 88-452, title IX, § 904, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 27(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 705.)

§ 2995d. Other agency evaluation of programs.

The head of any agency administering a program authorized under this chapter may, with respect to such program, conduct evaluations and take other actions authorized under this subchapter to the same extent and in the same manner as the Director under this subchapter. Nothing in this section shall preclude the Director from conducting such evaluations or taking such actions otherwise authorized under this subchapter with respect to such programs. (Pub. L. 88-452, title IX, § 905, as added Pub. L. 92-424, § 27(a), Sept. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 705.) Chapter 35.-PROGRAMS FOR OLDER AMERICANS SUBCHAPTER 1.-DECLARATION OF OBJECTIVES

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3016.

3017.

3018.

3019. 3020.

Federal agency cooperation [New].

National Information and Resource Clearing House for the Aging [New].

(a)

(b)

Establishment and operation by Commissioner; functions.

Coordination by Commissioner of Federal agency informational activities relevant to older persons; Clearing House as instrumentality for carrying out functions of Commissioner. Authorization of appropriations. Federal Council on the Aging [New]. Establishment; membership; representation of interests; qualifica

(c)

(a)

tion.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e) (f)

(h)

term:

Initial appointments; vacancies; com-
pensation and travel expenses.
Chairman; meetings; ex officio members.
Duties of Federal Council on the Aging.
Staff, information, and other assistance.
Reports to President; transmittal to
Congress.

(g) Study of interrelationships of benefit programs for elderly operated by government agencies; report to Congress. Study of impact of taxes on elderly; report to Congress and the States. Study of formulae for area planning and social service program allotments; submission to executive and legislative officials.

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§ 3003. Congressional declaration of additional objectives.

The Congress finds that millions of older citizens in this Nation are suffering unnecessary harm from the lack of adequate services. It is therefore the purpose of this Act, in support of the objectives of this chapter, to

(1) make available comprehensive programs which include a full range of health, education, and social services to our older citizens who need them,

(2) give full and special consideration to older citizens with special needs in planning such programs, and, pending the availability of such programs for all older citizens, give priority to the elderly with the greatest economic and social need,

(3) provide comprehensive programs which will assure the coordinated delivery of a full range of essential services to our older citizens, and, where applicable, also furnish meaningful employment opportunities for many individuals, including older persons, young persons, and volunteers from the community, and

(4) insure that the planning and operation of such programs will be undertaken as a partnership of older citizens, community agencies, and State and local governments, with appropriate assistance from the Federal Government.

(Pub. L. 93-29, title I, § 101, May 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 30.)

REFERENCES IN TEXT

"This Act", referred to in the introductory text, means Pub. L. 93-29, classified generally to this chapter and chapter 35A of this title. For complete classification of Pub. L. 93-29 in the Code, see short title note set out under this section.

CODIFICATION

This section was enacted as part of the Older Americans Comprehensive Services Amendments of 1973 and not as part of the Older Americans Act of 1965, which comprises this chapter.

SHORT TITLE

Section 1 of Pub. L. 93-29 provided: "That this Act [which enacted chapter 35A of this title, subchs. III to V of this chapter, this section and sections 3012(a) (9)–(16), (b), 3013 to 3020, 3044 (d), 3045(a) (5) of this title, and sections 351 (a) (4), 351c(a) (3) (D), 361 to 364, 1008a, and 1208a of Title 20, amended sections 3001 (8), 3011, 3012(4), 3044a, 3044b, 3044e, and 3045a to 3045f of this title, and sections 351c(a)(1)−(3), (b), 351d(a), 351e(a), (b) (1), 1211(a), 1504(a)(2), and 1505(a) of Title 20, repealed former subchs. III (sections 3021 to 3024a, and 3025 of this title), IV (sections 3031 and 3032 of this title), V (sections 3041 to 3043 of this title), and VIII (sections 3051 to 3055 of this title) of this chapter, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 2809, 3044b, and 3061 of this title and section 361 of Title 20] may be cited as the 'Older Americans Comprehensive Services Amendments of 1973'."

SUBCHAPTER II-ADMINISTRATION ON

AGING

§ 3011. Establishment of Administration; Commissioner on Aging.

(a) There is established in the Office of the Secretary an Administration on Aging (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Administration") which shall be headed by a Commissioner on Aging (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the "Commissioner"). Except for subchapter VI of this chapter and as otherwise specifically provided by the Older Americans Comprehensive Services Amendments of 1973, the Administration shall be the principal agency for carrying out this chapter. In the performance of his functions, the Commissioner shall be directly responsible to the Office of the Secretary. The Secretary shall not approve any delegation of the functions of the Commissioner to any other officer not directly responsible to the Commissioner unless the Secretary shall first submit a plan for such delegation to the Congress. Such delegation is effective at the end of the first period of sixty calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date on which the plan for such delegation is transmitted to it: Provided, however, That within thirty days of such transmittal, the Secretary shall consult with the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives respecting such proposed delegation. For the purpose of this section, continuity of session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress sine die, and the days on which either House is not in session because of an

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