DEUTZIA DISCOLOR Hemsl. China. J. L. Soc. xxiii. 275.

DEYEUXIA EMIRNENSIS Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 533. DICHETANTHERA CRASSINODIS Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 476. DICORYPHE GUATTERIÆFOLIA, D. LAURIFOLIA, and D. RETUSA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xix. 473, 474.

DICHROSTACHYS UNIJUGA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 467. DIDYMOCARPUS ALBOMARGINATUS Hemsl. Perak. J. Bot. 204. DIDYMOCAPSA PUSILLUS Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 508. DIOSCOREA CRYPTANTHA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 528. DIPLACHNE ARISTATA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 534. DIRICHLÆTIA INVOLUCRATA, D. TERNIFOLIA, and D. TRICHOPHLEBIA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 482, 483.

DOMBEYA ACERIFOLIA, D. BARONI, D. BIUMBELLATA, D. INSIGNIS, and D. MEGAPHYLLA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 449, 450.

DORSTENIA ZANZIBARICA Oliv. Zanzibar. Ic. Pl. 1581.

DYPSIS CONCINNA, D. CURTISII, D. HETEROPHYLLA, D. POLYSTACHYA, and D. RHODOTRICHA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 525, 526.

ELEOCARPUS DALE CHAMPIOIDES Baker.

xxii. 452.

ELEODENDRON GYMNOSPOROIDES Baker.

xxii. 460.

ELATOSTEMA HEXADONTUM Baker.
ELEUTHEROCOCCUS HENRYI Oliv.
CORRHIZUS Oliv. Id.

Madagascar. J. L. Soc.

Madagascar. J. L. Soc.

EPALLAGE DISSITIFOLIA Baker. Madagascar, J. L. Soc. xxii. 494. EPIDENDRUM KIENASTII Rchb. f. Mexico. Gard. Chron. ii. 126. ERICA ADENOPHYLLA, E. ASPALATHIFOLIA, E. BAURII, E. BROWNLEEÆ, E. CAFFRORUM, E. COOPERI, E. ERIOCODON, E. HEMANTHA, E. INOPS, E. LEROUXII, E. MISSIONIS, E. NATALITIA, E. TETRASTIGMATA, E. TRACHYSANTHA, E. TRICHADENIA, E. TYSONI, and E. URNA-VIRIDIS, all of Bolus. S. Africa. J. L. Soc. xxiv. 178-187. ERISMANTHUS SINENSIS Oliv. China. Ic. Pl. 1568.

ERYTHROXYLUM AMPULLACEUM and E. SPARSIFLORUM Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 455.

EUCHRESTA TENUIFOLIA Hemsl. China. J. L. Soc. xxiii. 200. EUCOMIS PALLIDIFLORA Baker. S. Africa. Gard. Chron. ii. 154. EUGENIA AGGREGATA and E. OLIGANTHA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 474, 475.-E. FLUVIATILIS Hemsl. China. Id. xxiii. 296.

EUPHORBIA ALCICORNIS and E. ORTHOCLADA Baker.

J. L. Soc. xxii. 517.

Madagascar.

EVODIA DISCOLOR and E. FLORIBUNDA Baker. Madagascar. J.L. Soc. xxii. 456, 457.

FICUS ALBIDULA, F. BOTRYOIDES, F. COCCULIFOLIA, F. PACHYCLAda, F. PHANEROPHLEBIA, F. PULVINIFERA, F. SAKALAVARUM, and F. TRICHOCLADA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 521–524. GALEANDRA FLAVEOLA Rchb. f. Gard. Chron. i. 512.

*GAMOPODA (Menispermaceae) LEPTOPODA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 443.

GARCINIA CAULIFLORA, G. CERNUA, G. ORTHOCLADA, and G. POLY

PHLEBIA, all of Baker. Madagascar. GARDENIA SUCCOSA Baker. Madagascar. GAZANIA DIFFUSA Oliv. Trop. Africa. 340, t. 61.

J. L. Soc. xxii. 446, 447. J. L. Soc. xxii. 483. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii.

GERBERA EMIRNENSIS Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 498. GLADIOLUS PAUCIFLORUS and G. SULPHUREUS Baker. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii. 350.

GLEDITCHSIA AUSTRALIS Hemsl. China. J. L. Soc. xxiii. 208, t. 5. GNAPHALIUM DIFFUSUM Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 490. *GOMPHOCALYX (Rubiacea Spermacoceæ) HERNIARIOIDES Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 485.

GOMPHOCARPUS BISACCULATUS Oliv. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii. 341.

GRAVESIA PORPHYROVALVIS Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 477. GUZMANNIA CRISPA Baker. Angola. J. Bot. 173.

GYMNEMA PARVIFOLIUM Oliv. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii. 342.

GYMNOSPORIA CUNEIFOLIA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 460. GYNURA SONCHIFOLIA Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 495. HEDYOTIS JOHNSTONI Oliv. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.)

ii. 335.

HELICHRYSUM AMPLEXICAULE, H. ARANEOSUM, H. FARINOSUM, and H. PLATYCEPHALUM, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 491, 492.-H. KILIMANJARI Oliv. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii. 338.

HIBISCUS CYTISIFOLIUS, H. NUMMULARIFOLIUS, H. OBLATUS, and H.
XIPHOCUSPIS, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 447, 448.
HOYA GUPPYI Oliv. Solomon Islands. Guppy, p. 299.
HUERNIA ASPERA N. E. Br. Zanzibar. Gard. Chron. ii. 364.
HUTCHINSIA PERPUSILLA Hemsl.
Ic. Pl. 1599.

Tibet.

HYDRANGEA LONGIPES Hemsl. China. J. L. Soc. xxiii. 273. *HYDROTHRIX (Pontederiaceae) GARDNERI Hook. f. Brazil. Ann. Bot. 90, t. vii.

HYPERICUM KIBOENSE Oliv. Trop. Africa. Trans. L. Soc. (Bot.) ii. 329.

H. MICRO

HYPOESTES ACUMINATA, H. CHLOROCLADA, H. CONGESTIFLORA, PHYLLA, H. OBTUSIFOLIA, H. PHYLLOSTACHYA, and H. SESSILIFOLIA, all of Baker. Madagascar. J. L. Soc. xxii. 511–513.

(To be continued.)

The Flora of Howth.

NOTICES OF BOOKS.

With map and an introduction on the Geology and other features of the promontory. By H. C. HUNT, B.A., F.L.S. Dublin Hodges, Higgis & Co. 1887. 8vo, pp. 138. THE " 'Hill of Howth" and "Ireland's Eye" are familiar objects to the passenger by the steamer from Holyhead to Kingstown, and Howth itself is well known as a sea-bathing resort for

the citizens of Dublin. It has also, Mr. Hart tells us, been at all times favourite ground for botanists, from the time of Threlkeld, whose Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum' appeared in 1727, down to the present. Some of the writers on its botany have possessed a zeal not according to knowledge, for Mr. Hart mentions two pamphlets which "unfortunately contain many erroneous

statements."

The present Flora-the value of which is the more apparent when we consider how comparatively few districts of Ireland have been thoroughly examined-is the outcome of the author's personal researches during most of the last twenty years. It is of parti

cular interest in two special ways: (1) from the variety of several of the species found; and (2) on account of the large number of forms assembled in so small a space." Howth itself comprises an area of 2670 acres, and Ireland's Eye is about a mile in circumference. Mr. Hart's list contains 545 species of phanerogams and ferns, of which 25 are introductions-a total "probably above the average certainly as regards Ireland-for a district of about four square miles in the British Islands." Mr. Hart's introduction occupies only ten pages, but is singularly full of information and comparative statistics, and may well be taken as a model of what such essays should be.

Among the more interesting plants of the flora of Howth, many of them now first recorded, may be noted Lavatera arborea, in two localities "difficult or impossible to reach except from a boat; Erodium maritimum, a very local species in Ireland; Ornithopus perpusillus, very rare as an Irish plant; Ligustrum vulgare, "native on steep grassy cliffs in almost inaccessible places," growing "in a fringe at the juncture of the sea rocks with the steep grassy slopes, prostrate and stunted, having stems often an inch in diameter." Mr. Hart considered this and the Waterford coast to be the only indigenous stations for the Privet yet discovered; and he can bear testimony to the nativity of the plant at Tramore, in habitat exactly similar to that above quoted. There are several appendices devoted to plants excluded from the Flora on various grounds, with a list of the species found in Dublin County but not occurring in Howth. An excellent map of the island completes the work, which is appropriately dedicated to Mr. A. G. More.

Flora of the Hawaiian Islands: a description of their Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams. By WILLIAM HILLEBRAND, M.D. Annotated and published after the author's death by W. F. HILLEBRAND. London: Williams & Norgate. 8vo, pp. xcvi. 673. 4 maps.

THIS is an extremely interesting and valuable work, and in many ways a remarkable addition to our list of Floras. The lamented author, who died on the 13th of July, 1886, had only corrected a few pages of proof when his long and trying illness was terminated by death; and all will regret that he was thus prevented from seeing the outcome of the twenty years of unremitting study which he

devoted to the Hawaiian flora. His son has, however, carried out the work in a way which leaves little, if anything, to be desired.

One special characteristic of the book is the feeling which every page conveys that the author is not working with herbarium specimens, but is recording observations which he has made in the field. It is evident at a glance that Dr. Hillebrand knew intimately in a living state most of the material on which his Flora is based; and this gives an interest to his observations and conclusions which is usually wanting in books of this kind. The author has prefixed to the work the outlines of Botany which Mr. Bentham prepared for our series of Colonial Floras; and is to some extent responsible for the interesting introduction.

We regret that space will not permit us to notice the work as fully as we could wish; but on glancing through the pages the following points strike us as noteworthy. Lepidium is the only indigenous genus of Crucifera, and of this there are three species, one (L. arbuscula) new; the other representatives of the order-Senebiera didyma, Cardamine hirsuta, Nasturtium officinale, and Brassica nigra— are all introductions. There are ten Pittosporums, five of them new; the exclusively Hawaiian Caryophyllaceous genus Schiedea is increased to seventeen species, five now first described, and an amended description of Mann's endemic and monotypic Alsinidendron is given. Of Seemann's Gossypium drynarioides, originally described from a specimen in the British Museum collected by David Nelson, three trees have been found, as well as of two of a variety; but these are disappearing, if they have not already disappeared. Pelea, a Rutaceous endemic genus, has now twenty species, eight now first described, and Platydesma, also endemic, has its number of species increased from two to four. In Sapindacea a doubtful new genus is described under its native name, Mahoe; the tree is as yet imperfectly known. Among the not very numerous Leguminosa the novelties are comparatively few, but two of the three indigenous Acacias are new. There are only seven Umbellifera-two of them introduced and two (species of Peucedanum) new. In Araliacea, a new genus, Pterotropia, is established for the plant published by Seemann in this Journal (1868, 130) as Dipanax Manni, with two others, one of them new: Pterotropia had been placed by Horace Mann as a section of Heptapleurum, and it seems likely that Seemann's name will have to stand.

The endemic Rubiaceous genus Kadua now numbers sixteen species, five of them new. In Lobeliacea, the most characteristic order of the Flora, the novelties are numerous, twenty of the fiftyeight species being here first described; five of the six generaBrighamia, Clermontia, Rollandia, Delissea, and Cyanea―are endemic, as are three out of the five Lobelias: the description of this interesting order is elaborated with especial care. Labordea, an endemic Loganiaceous genus, has three new species out of the nine enumerated. In Cyrtandra many new forms are described-eleven out of twenty-eight; the polymorphism of the species is said by Dr. Hillebrand to be extraordinary-no single form extends over the whole group, and not many are common to more than one island.

In Labiata, seventeen species of Stenogyne, a genus peculiar to the islands, are enumerated, five of them new. Gray's section Nototrichium of Ptilotus is raised to generic rank; it is based on Ptilotus sandwicensis, and two more species are added. Euphorbiacea are not numerous, seventeen species being described, one only being new and five introduced.

The Monocotyledons are not very numerous, and the novelties are comparatively few; there are only three Orchids, one, Habenaria holochila, being new. Most of the new species are among the Cyperacea and Grasses; among the latter, the genus Eragrostis is notable as having five novelties and three introductions out of a total of eleven species. Among the ferns, Asplenium, with thirtynine species, holds the first place, but the proportion of new species is greater in Lindsaya, four out of eight being first described. There is a new genus, Schizostege, founded on the plant described by Baker as Cheilanthes Lidgatii.

A word of praise is due to the Darmstadt printer for the admirable manner in which he has executed his task.

A School Flora for the use of Elementary Botanical Classes. By W. MARSHALL WATTS, D. Sc. (Lond.), Physical Science Master in the Giggleswick Grammar School. Revised and enlarged edition. Rivingtons, 1887. 8vo, pp. viii. 199.

THIS is an extremely useful little volume, intended "to provide the student who has mastered the elements of botanical science with a Flora of such small size as to be easily carried on country rambles, which shall enable him easily to identify the common plants with which he will meet." It is arranged throughout on the principle of determining a plant by deciding which of two opposite characters it possesses, and the plan is well executed. The typography and arrangement are excellent, and the book might well be adopted as a text-book in school natural history societies.

The first edition, which we have not seen, was compiled for the young botanists of Giggleswick School, and confined to the plants of that district; but it is now enlarged so as to include the species marked with a higher number than 50 in the 8th edition of the 'London Catalogue,' and the rarer plants growing within reach of certain schools have been included. These have been ascertained by lists furnished by those connected with the schools enumerated. Among those absent from the list we note Eton, Harrow, and Stonyhurst: Eton has never done much in the way of botany, but the Flora of Harrow and the Stonyhurst list are easily accessible.

Of course in a book of this kind critical distinctions would be out of place; it is pleasant to meet once more our old friends Ranunculus aquatilis, Rubus fruticosus, and Rosa canina. One or two omissions surprise us: there is only one Drosera, for example, and one Erythraa. The authors' names are not attached to the genera or species, which we think an undesirable omission, as it is desirable to accustom young botanists to the correct method of citing names. A useful little glossary is appended.