A. calcaratum Hk. crassifolium Hk. Perak, 1500 ft. Perak, near Taepeng, 2000 ft. Perak, 2000 ft. The rhizome is Dayi Bedd. in Scortechini's List. Perak, Maxwell's fuscipes Wall. Perak. syrmaticum Willd. Perak, 1500 ft. Filix-mas Rich., var. elongata. Perak, Maxwell's flaccidum Hk. Perak, Maxwell's Hill, 3000 ft. A. (Nephrodium) unitum R. Br. Perak, sea-level. aridum Don. Perak, sea-level. A. *Aspidium (NEPHRODIUM) perakense Bedd. Caudex small, erect. Stipes slender, villous; fronds pinnate, 12-14 in. long, 2-5 in. broad, oblong-lanceolate; central pinnæ the largest, lower ones gradually reduced to auricles, pinnæ 1-2 in. long by - in. broad, cut down about halfway to the rachis with close rather pointed lobes, texture softly herbaceous; veins 4-5 on each side, simple, the lower pair anastomosing with a long excurrent veinlet; stipes, rachis, and both surfaces of the frond copiously furnished with long whitish soft hairs; sori near the apex of the veins. Perak, Birch's Hill, 4000 ft., on exposed rocks. In outline similar to Lastrea Beddomei, but of a very soft texture and densely hairy. A. (Nephrodium) glandulosum J. Sm. Perak, sea-level. A. eminens Baker, Journ. Bot. 1880. Perak and Penang Hill, 3000 ft. Wall. cat. 353 in Linn. Herb. 3rd sheet from Penang is this plant, upper part of frond only. pennigerum Bl., var. Perak, 3000 ft. Perak, 3000-4000 ft. sagittafolium Moore. Perak, 2000 ft., indusium often quite didymochlanoid. A. truncatum Presl. Perak, 3000 ft. Nephrolepis exaltata Schott. Perak, sea-level. N. acuminata Hout. Perak, 3000-5000 ft. Polypodium (Phegopteris) punctatum Thunb. Perak, 4000 ft. P. (Eupolypodium) subevenosum Baker. Penang Hill, 3000 ft. P. sessilifolium Hk. Penang Hill, 3000 ft.; this and the last run one into the other, and are, I believe, only one species. triangulare (Scortechini). Perak, Mt. Idjo, cornigerum Baker. Perak, Mt. Idjo, 5000 ft. obliquatum Bl. Perak, 3000-4000 ft. P. (Goniophlebium) verrucosum Wall. Perak, 4000 ft. P. (Pleopeltis) accedens Bl. Perak. 3000 ft. P. stenophyllum Bl. Perak, 5000 ft. Very variable in breadth, and P. Morgani Zeiller (Bulletin de la Soc. Bot. de France) is only a synonym. P. rhizome. sinuosum Wall. Perak, sea-level. Ants live in the P. (Pleopeltis) longifolium Mett. superficiale Bl. Perak, 3000 ft. Perak, 3000 ft. Perak, 500 ft.; Penang, 8000 ft. rupestre Bl. Perak, 4000 ft. platyphyllum Sw. Perak, 8000 ft. P. P. irioides Lam. P. P. Wrayi Baker. Perak, Mt. Idjo, on trees, 5000 ft. hemionitideum Wall. Perak, sea-level. P. (Dipteris) Dipteris Bl. Perak, 5500 ft.; Penang, 8000 ft. P. (Pleopeltis) laciniatum Bl. Perak, 5500 ft. (= P. macrochasma Baker in Hook. Icones, tab. 1675). Sori generally much sunk and forming pustules on the upper side of the frond, but in some fronds it is not so evident. *Gymnogramme (SYNGRAMME) Dayi Bedd. Rhizome creeping, somewhat fibrillose; fronds narrow-linear, subentire or very obscurely crenated, 4-7 in. long by 1 line broad, gradually attenuated at the base, but on a distinct stipe 1-14 in. long; texture in age coriaceous; veins obscure in the old fronds, evident in the young, simple or once forked, the apices running into a submarginal transverse continuous or interrupted vein; sori narrow-linear, thread-like, the length of the veins. Perak, on quartz rocks, the pass between Kinala-Kansa and Kinta, about 2000 ft. The affinity of this interesting little fern is with G. (Syngramme) borneensis Hook., though apart from its sori it has quite the aspect of a Eupolypodium. Pl. 279 B. G. (Stegnogramme) aspidioides Kze. Perak, sea-level. Var. with fertile fronds contracted; perhaps a new species. G. (Selliguea) Wallichii Hk. Penang, 3000 ft.; Perak, 1500 ft. Meniscium salicifolium Wall. Perak rivers, up to 1000 ft. Vittaria scolopendrina Thw. Perak, 2000-8000 ft. A. A. subrepandum Hk. Perak, 4000 ft. spicatum L. Perak, 3000-4000 ft.-Var. latifrons. Perak, 3000-4000 ft. Fronds 2 ft. 6 in. long, and 2 in. broad; the fertile apex 7-8 in. *A. (Chrysodium) Blumeanum Hk. A. aureum L. Perak, sea-level. A. (Photinopteris) rigidum Wall. Perak, 4000 ft. Perak, 3000 ft. drynarioides Hk. Perak, 2000 ft. (on tops of Platycerium biforme Bl. Perak, sea-level. Angiopteris evecta Hoffm. Perak, sea-level. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 279.-A. Alsophila dubia, a small portion of a pinna, life-size. B1. Gymnogramme Dayi, life-size. B2. Venation showing a continuous intramarginal transverse vein. B 3. The intramarginal vein interrupted. B4. The lineal sori. THE NOMENCLATURE OF NYMPHEA, &c. BY JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S. THOSE who are working at synonymy on the only sound principle that of priority-and who are anxious that the necessary changes should be made as promptly and as thoroughly as possible, will be interested in the latest discovery made and published by Mr. E. L. Greene in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club for September last. It is to be feared, however, that every one will not thank him for having demonstrated, as he has done, that the names of our two best known genera of Nymphæacea must be readjusted, and that in a manner which will cause some temporary inconvenience. The discovery, as I have said, is due to Mr. Greene, but as in his paper he states that he has not seen all the books which establish it, and as the evidence which they afford is even stronger than he was aware of, I think it may be well to deal with it more fully in these pages. Salisbury published in the Annals of Botany' (ii. 69–76) a "Description of the Natural Order of Nymphæēm," in which he divided the Linnean genus Nymphæa into two. For one of these he retained the Linnean name; the other he styled Castalia. The volume is dated 1806; but internal evidence shows that this first part was issued in 1805. In the same year William Hooker published in the Paradisus the plate lettered Castalia magnifica and dated Oct. 1, to which Salisbury supplied the letterpress. In 1808 (or 1809), Smith (Fl. Græc. Prodr. i. 861) adopted Salisbury's division of the Linnean genus Nymphæa, but did not follow Salisbury's nomenclature. He restricts the name Nymphæa to Salisbury's Castalia; while he bestows upon the yellow-flowered species, for which Salisbury retained the name Nymphæa, a new name, Nuphar. He cites Castalia as a synonym of Nymphæa and says (under Nuphar), "Has, Nymphæam albam et luteam Linnæi, characterum ope in Eng. Bot. et Fl. Brit. evulgatorum ascitis insuper nectariis, in duo genera felicitèr disposuit D. Salisbury; at minus benè Nymphæam antiquorum veram, nomine, Castalia, ad novem et planè abnormem etymologiam formato, distinxit."* The title-page of the 'Prodromus' is dated 1806; but, as Mr. Greene points out (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, Dec., 1887, p. 257), the last part, containing Nuphar, did not appear until the end of 1808, or, more likely, the beginning of 1809. This is clear from the correspondence which took place between Goodenough and Smith regarding the name, extending from Nóv. 17th to Dec. 14th of the former year.t Smith had already recognized the correctness of Salisbury's division of Nymphæa: "I believe," he says, "Mr. Salisbury's Castalia is well separated from Nymphæa"; and he writes to Goodenough (without, it must be admitted, displaying any animus against Salisbury personally), stating his wish to retain Nymphea for the showy-flowered species, and to adopt Blephara for the yellow-flowered ones: he gives classical reasons for this course, which need not be referred to here. Goodenough, who certainly came as near hating Salisbury as a bishop could well do, § promptly settles Smith's scruples. "You must and you do reject Salisbury's Castalia upon irrefragable [i. e., on classical] ground ||": and he adds, by way of quieting any qualms of conscience which Smith may have had, "In your Introduction, you have pledged yourself, not to the name Castalia, but merely to the separation from Nymphæa." Planchon (Ann. Sc. Nat. 3rd ser. xix. 59) demolishes the position of Smith and Goodenough in adopting the name Nuphar Quasi ob pudicitiam, uterum totum petalis occultaut species hujusgeneris, itaque Castalias dixi." Salisb. in Ann. Bot. ii. 72. + Mem. and Correspondence of Sir J. E. Smith, i. 576-582. Introd. to Botany (1807), 385. § See Smith's Correspondence,' i. 557, 575, 578, 587. In this latter case, L. C. Richard's name Nymphosanthos, proposed by him (Anal. du fruit, p. 68 (May, 1808) for the yellow-flowered species, in ignorance that Salisbury had already separated them, would take precedence of Nuphar. ... on classical grounds; and shows a just appreciation of the claims of Salisbury in connection with the establishment of the genus. "Smith n'a en qu' à lui donner le nom aujourd'hui généralement adopté. . . . On doit blâmer Smith d'avoir, probablement par esprit d'antagonisme contre l'ingénieux Salisbury, bouleversé à plaisir la nomenclature proposée par ce dernier botaniste. Il est trop tard sans doute," he continues, though here I cannot follow him, "pour revenir sur cette injustice qui fut en même temps une maladresse: les termes resteront comme ils sont, à cause que l'usage les a consacrés, mais on saura du moins de quel côté se trouvaient le droit et la raison." In Engl. Bot. t. 2292, published June 1, 1811, Smith established Nuphar minima as a species, and says: "We take advantage of it to establish in our work the genus Nuphar, first adopted from Dioscorides, in Prodr. Fl. Græc. v. i. 361, which embraces the yellow kinds of water-lily, and is clearly distinguished by the above characters from the true Nymphæa of that ancient author, to which the white and rose-coloured kinds belong, as will appear in the new edition of the valuable 'Hortus Kewensis.' Mr. Salisbury determined that the nectary of these last is a globe in the centre of the stigmas, while that of Nuphar is at the back of the petals." The arbitrary action of Smith cannot, of course, be defended, although, as has been shown, Goodenough must take a large share of the responsibility; and another tardy act of reparation will result in the following restitution of Salisbury's names. It is certainly inconvenient, for the time being, that we should have to style Nymphaea what we have been accustomed to call Nuphar, while the plants we know as Nymphaea will become Castalia; but this must take place sooner or later, and it may as well be sooner. The two genera will stand thus: Salisbury's two contributions above quoted seem to have appeared almost simultaneously; but that in the Annals' takes precedence, as is shown by his reference to the 'Paradisus.' The following is the correct nomenclature so far as the species enumerated by Salisbury are concerned. The transference of the remaining species of Nuphar to Nymphæa (Linn., Salisb.) and of those of Nymphæa (Linn., Smith) to Castalia is easy; but I do not think it desirable that it should be made by one who has not worked at the genus. |