Academic, Scepticism, 507; School,
529, 533.

Academician, 377, 514.
Academicians, 219, 514.
Academy, 283, 379; older, 376, 377,
527; middle, 46, 499, 505; new,
28, 377, 492, 494, 500, 515, 531,
532.

Achæan League, 13.
Achæans, 13, 14.

Achaia, province of, 14.

Achilles, 340, 342.

Αδιάφορα, 218, 266, 267.

Enesidemus, a later Sceptic, 494.
Etolians, 13.

Affections permitted by Stoics, 273.
Air-currents, Stoic view of, 124;
God as, 141, 147.
Ακαταληψία, 496.
Alexander the Great, 490.
Alexander Aphrodisiensis, 112.
Alexandria, influence of on philoso-
phy, 29; philosophical school of,
30, 36.

Alexandrian period, 18.

Allegorical interpretations of myths,
334.

Allegorising, the spirit of, 334.
Amafinius, 388.

'Auáρrnua, Stoic view of, 248.
Anaxagoras, 501.

Anaxarchus, 490.

Animals, Stoic views on, 196; Epi-

curean views on, 426.

Antonies, the, 393.

Arcesilaus, a Sceptic, 30; belonging
to Middle Academy, 46; account
of, 499; not connected with Zeno,
500; opponent of Stoic theory,
501, 502; agreement with Stoics,
503; views on probability, 504,
505; compared with Carneades,
506, 534.

Archedemus, 50, 141.
Archipelago, Stoics in, 37.
Ares, 340, 344.

Aristarchus of Samos, 329.
Aristippus, 448, 481, 482.
Aristo, a Stoic, and pupil of Zeno,
42; views on logic and natural
science, 58; a native of Chios,
59, 239, 264; simple ethics of,
60; controversial tone of, 61;

differs from Zeno, 62; objects to
study of mind, 90, 280; divisions
of emotions, 234; view of the
common source of virtue, 241,
245; a Cynic, 279; denied sen-
sation to Deity, 327; relation of
to Stoics, 366.

Aristotle, merits and defects of, 1;
connection with Greek character,
6; idealism of, 2, 484; criticism
of Plato, 2, 127; inconsistencies
of, 3, 83, 128; generic conceptions
of, 19, 84; commentators on, 52;
commendation of speculation, 56,
239, 485; teaching of, 94; fol-
lowed by Stoics, 95, 98, 184, 185,
241, 374, 375, 481; categories of,
95, 96, 104.

logic of, 111, 117, 370.
philosophy of, 121.

theory on time and space, 186;
theory of the four elements, 187;
two kinds of fire, 190; view of
the world, 191; regulation of
emotions, 236; under the influ-
ence of Greek ideas, 283, 308;
view of Gods, 329; moral theory
of, 376; many-sidedness of, 379;
developed Socratic thought, 483;
ignored by Arcesilaus, 501; for-
mal and final causes, 136; matter
and form of, 102, 148; relations
of Epicureans, 483; views on the
stars, 194; on the soul, 201-203.
Aristotelian, logic, 118, 524, 128,

268, 286, 374, 375, 420, 483, 488.
Aristoxenus, 128.
Artemis, 341.
Asclepiades, 391.

Asia, emigrants to, from Greece, 15;
Stoics in, 37; Epicureans in, 384.
Assent, Stoic view of, 86.

Assos, birthplace of Cleanthes, 41.
Αταραξία, 448, 496.

Atheism, 439.

Athene, 338, 339, 341, 342.
Athenian, 382.

Athens, 40, 383, 384, 389, 393, 499;

career of, 10; rivalry with Sparta,

12; the toy of rulers, 13; schools
of, 30; chief seat of philosophy,
36; Zeno at, 37.
Atomists, 473, 489.

Atoms and empty space, Epicurean
view of, 415; deviation of, 420.
Augeas, 347.

Authorities for Stoic philosophy, 52.
Avoided, things to be, 261.
Αξία, 213.
Αξίωμα, 107.

Bargylium, birthplace of Protarchus,
387.

Basilides, an Epicurean, 387.
Being, the Stoic category of, 96, 97;
divine, 204, 205, 322, 329.
Bithynia, 391.

Boëthus, a Stoic, 49, 349; attacked
by Chrysippus, 75; dissents from
Stoic pantheism, 151.
Bosporus, 44.

Bryso, possibly the instructor of
Pyrrho, 490.

Byzantine imperialism, 34.

Canonic, the Epicurean, 400, 401.
Care, Stoic view of the causes of,
233.

Carneades, a Sceptic, 461, 509, 532;

negative views of, 496, 508; posi-
tive views of, 522; school of, 532.
- a century later than Arcesilaus,
506; founder of third Academy,
507.

· denied φαντασία καταληπτική,
510.

common ground with Stoics, 511.
strictures on Stoicism, 512
views of God, 515-517, 519.
defends free will, 520.
denies knowledge, 521, 529.

theory of probabilities, 522, 524.
views on morals, 525-528.
- an upright man, 530.

-

importance of, 531; pupils of,

533.

Carus, T. Lucretius, an Epicurean,

391.

Carthage, birthplace of Herillus, 43,
239; destruction of, 527.

Categories, the Stoic, 95, 97; rela-

tion of, 106.

Cato, 257, 317, 318.

Cause, God the highest, according
to Stoics, 141.
Centaur, 433.

Cerberus, 343.

Charonea, results of battle of, 13.
Chain-inference, 115, 117.
Charmidas, 532

Charybdis, 348.

Chemical combination, 103, n. 2.
Chios, birthplace of Aristo, 42, 59,
239.

Chiron, 342.

Christian, 209, 334, 335.

Christians, 226, 337; early, 207.
Christianity, success of, 33, 35.
Chrysippus, 53, 56, 64, 65, 77, 90,
111, 114, 117-119, 126, 146, 168,
171, 175, 183, 186, 231, 243-245,
267, 268, 277, 280, 281, 289, 303-
305, 327, 334, 335, 343, 344, 349,
354, 358, 359, 377, 379, 496, 507,
510, 514, 515, 528.

a later Stoic, 45, 47, 48, 54, 62.
scholars of, 49, 354, 357.
time of, 63, 68, 69, 85, 241.
holds κράσις δι' ὅλων, 153.
places force in heaven, 140.
appeals to general consent, 164,

views of, 61.

view of virtue, 241.

places force in sun, 141, 157.
views on the soul, 205.
moral character of, 290.
death of, 317.

Cleomenes, Spartan reformer, 44.
Clitomachus, 526, 527, 529, 532
Colotes, an Epicurean, 386.
Composite judgment, 107, 109; in-
ference, 114.

Conceptions formed from percep-
tions, 78; truth of, 130; relation
to perceptions, 81; primary, 88;
highest, 96.

Condensation, a cause of being, 135.
Connection, inner, of Stoic system,
359.

Consensus gentium, 512
Constantine, 34

Conversion, 258.

Conviction or assent, 86.
Cornutus, a Stoic, 52, 346.
Cosmopolitanism of Stoics, 308.
Course of the world, 313.

Crates, a Cynic, 38; teacher of Zeno,
41.

Criticism of popular faith by Stoics,
325.
Cronos, 346.

Cyclops, 347.

Cynic, 38, 90, 279, 288, 304, 366-
368, 461, 482.

ideas, 41.

teaching, 43, 487.
nominalism, 83.
School, 19, 287.
philosophy, 264.
virtue, 265.

ethics, 364.

Cynical, 90.

Cynicism, 90, 288–290, 363, 365,

367-369; of Stoics, 286; in-
stances of, 288.
Cynies, 223, 239, 273, 277, 288, 308,
365-367; scanty teaching of, 38;
appeal to nature, 90; connections
of Stoics with, 286, 365.
Cyprus, Citium in, 37.
Cyrenaic, 448, 481-483; School, 44,
48; a precursor of Epicurean, 19.
Cyrenaics, 481, 483, 495.

Deity, 327.

Demeter, 338, 343.

Demetrius, an Epicurean, and pupil

of Protarchus, 387.

Democritus, 192, 383, 408, 414, 417,

421, 423, 432, 439, 474, 487, 490,
501; relations of Epicureans to,

482.

Demons, Stoic views on, 332.
Depravity of nature, 254.
Desire, 233; a standard, 75.
Desirable things, 261.

Destiny, God as, 143, 147; as gene-

rative reason, 162; as fate, 161.
Dialectic, a branch of Stoic logic, 69.
Διανοητικόν, 202.
Dicæarchus, 128.
Diocletian, 34.

Diodorus, 363; a Megarian, 111;
captious, 39.

Diogenes, the writer, 52, 244, 319.
Diogenes of Seleucia, 49, 50, 257,
268, 275, 280, 288, 290, 343.
Diomedes, 345.

Dionysius, a Stoic, and pupil of Zeno,

43; joined Epicureans, 44, 387.
Dionysus, 339, 343.

Divination, 349; a proof of Provi-

dence, 166; causes of, 355.
Divine Being, 204, 205, 322, 329.
Dogmatic, Schools of post-Aristo-
telian philosophy, 26; Scepticism,

East, the, 18, 29.
Eastern nations, 14.
Eclecticism, 30.

Eclectics, 23, 377.

Efficient cause with Stoics, 136;

nature of, 137.

Ἡγεμονικὸν τὸ, 151, 202, 229, 230,
430.

Ηγούμενον, 109.

Egypt, Greek emigrants to, 15.
Egyptian customs, 30.

Eldos of Aristotle, 101.
Είδωλα, 432.

Εἱμαρμένη of Stoics, 161.
Elean criticism, 489.

Elements, the four, 102, 131, 187.
Elis, birthplace of Pyrrho, 489, 499.
Emotions, 228, 273; varieties of,
233.

Empedocles, 427, 501.
Εμφασις, 528.

Empire, attempt to revive the, 33;
a loose congeries of nations, 34.
Empty, the, 186.
Ενάργεια, 403.

Encyclical knowledge, 59.
End-in-chief, 177.

Ενδεικτικὸν σημεῖον, 110.
Ενδιάθετος λόγος, 72.
Εννοιαι κοιναὶ of Stoics, 79.
Epaminondas, 79.

Epictetus, 52, 90, 281, 297, 306,
307, 309, 332; a Stoic from Phry-
gia, 37.
Epicurean, 391, 395, 406, 413, 437,
462, 464, 475; philosophy, 450,
471; antecedents of, 17.