FOR 14. Use of Secondary Works OR the indispensable background of narrative history there is a large literature. The best way of teaching a young class is by a text-book; but the ground as fast as traversed must be extended by the use of sources for reading, perhaps for reading aloud, and for simple topical work (see No. 9 above). The pupil should go beyond the material in this volume, if libraries be available. For older classes there should be a fuller text-book, preferably one which has brief specific bibliographies; and pupils may be encouraged to make little studies of the biography of writers in this volume, and of the events of which parts are related, using additional sources so far as available. For college classes a more extended narrative may be used as the basis; and the reading of all the selections in this volume may be required, and enforced by proper examinations; in addition there should be written work. For the most advanced students of American history this collection is only a nucleus around which to group their studies from sources. The secondary book has then two functions: to cover the whole field, bridging over the gaps between sources; and to furnish a starting-point from which the pupil, reader, or student may reach the sources, so as to extend the text-book, to check its statements, and to enliven them. 15. Select List of Secondary Works on the Eighteenth Century and the Revolution THE HE secondary material on the period covered by this volume is scanty on the first half century, and over-abundant on the revolutionary period. There is still much need of a critical account of the development of the colonies from the revolution of 1688 to the French war of 1750. Almost the only properly-trained writer on colonial government is Herbert L. Osgood (American Historical Review, II, 644, III, 31, 244). The historians of the period are characterized in Winsor, Narrative and Critical History, and in Charles Kendall Adams, Manual of Historical Literature (New York, 1882). Some of the books most useful to the pupil, student, or reader are enumerated below. SCHOOL HISTORIES Not less than forty school histories of the United States have been put upon the market. Of these the older ones are now quite useless for proper study, because they were usually prepared by writers who knew little of American history; because they are dull; because they give too much space to obscure Indian wars; and because they are not adapted to use in connection with other books. A new literature of text-books has sprung up, written by some of the foremost scholars in American history, interesting, beautifully illustrated, provided with maps, and aiming to lead those who use them to consult and read other books. Some of these useful text-books are the following: Mary Sheldon Barnes and Earl Barnes, Studies in American History. Boston, 1896 (pp. x, 433).—Made up in great part of extracts from sources. Edward Channing, A Student's History of the United States. New York, 1898 (pp. xxxix, 603). — Especially arranged for work on secondary writers and in sources; abounds in practical suggestions, lists of books, references to sources, etc. Excellent for the home reader. Edward Eggleston, A History of the United States and its People for the Use of Schools. New York, 1888 (pp. x, 416). — Very strong on colonial life; excellent pictures. John Fiske, A History of the United States for Schools. Boston, 1894 (pp. xxi, 553). Delightfully written, but brief; excellent questions, involving topical study. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Young Folks' History of the United States. New York, revised to 1886 (pp. vi, 460, 33). — A very popular and successful book; of especial interest on the colonial period. Alexander Johnston, A History of the United States for Schools. New York, revised, 1895 (pp. xx, 489). Stronger on the period after 1787; many maps, and a list of secondary books. Harry Pratt Judson, The Growth of the American Nation. (College edition.) Meadville, 1895 (pp. 359). - Continuous text; convenient form. John Bach McMaster, A School History of the United States. New York, 1897 (pp. 476, 31). — More relative space to the period after 1783; many references to secondary material. D. H. Montgomery, The Student's American History. Boston, 1897 (pp. 523, lv). — Many sketch maps; lists of books, including sources. William A. Mowry and Arthur May Mowry, A History of the United States for Schools. Boston, 1896 (pp. xii, 437). — Very attractive make-up; convenient for class use. Allen C. Thomas, A History of the United States. Boston, 1894 (pp. xiii, 415. lxxiii). A good, pain, sensible book, with abundant references for parallel reading. BRIEF GENERAL HISTORIES For class use or for reading, the most convenient short accounts of colonial conditions and of the Revolution are as follows: Edward Channing, The United States of America [1765-1865]. New York, 1896. A hundred pages on the causes and conditions of the Revolution. George Park Fisher, The Colonial Era (American History Series, I). New York, 1892. Comes down to 1756, with an intelligent account of the condition of the colonies. - George Washington Greene, Historical View of the American Revolution, Thomas Wentworth Higginson, A Larger History of the United States. New York, 1886. A charming study of American life, and especially of the conditions of frontier warfare. Henry Cabot Lodge, A Short History of the English Colonies in America. New York, 1881. — Deals particularly with social conditions in the eighteenth century. Henry Cabot Lodge, George Washington (American Statesmen Series). 2 vols. Boston, 1889. Vol. I is an excellent account of the political and military progress of the Revolution. John T. Morse, Jr., Benjamin Franklin (American Statesmen Series). Boston, 1889.A good life of the American most representative of his time. William Milligan Sloane, The French War and the Revolution (American PART II THE SEPARATE COLONIES CHAPTER III-NEW ENGLAND 16. Salem Witches (1692) BY REVEREND DEODAT LAWSON (1704) Lawson was minister at Salem Village (now Danvers), where the witchcraft excitement first broke out. His account is paralleled by those of Calef and Increase Mather. - Bibliography: Charles W. Upham, Salem Witchcraft, I, 268-284, II, 76–92, 525– 537; Winsor, Memorial History of Boston, II, ch. ví, notes; Channing and Hart, Guide, § 129. `T pleased God in the Year of our Lord 1692. to visit the People at a place called Salem Village in NEW-ENGLAND, with a very Sore and Grievous Affliction, in which they had reason to believe, that the Soveraign and Holy GOD was pleased to permit Satan and his Instruments, to Affright and Afflict, those poor Mortals in such an Astonishing and Unusual manner. Now, I having for some time before, attended the work of the Ministry in that Village, the Report of those Great Afflictions, came quickly to my notice; and the more readily, because the first Person Afflicted, was in the Minister's Family, who succeeded me, after I was removed from them; in pitty therefore to my Christian Friends, and former Acquaintance there, I was much concerned about them, frequently consulted with them, and fervently (by Divine Assistance) prayed for them; but especially my Concern was augmented, when it was Reported, at an Examination of a Person suspected for Witchcraft, that my Wife and Daughter, who Dyed Three Years before, were sent out of the World under the Malicious Operations of the Infernal Powers; as is more fully represented in the following Remarks. I did then Desire, and was also Desired, by some concerned in the Court, to be there present, that I might hear what was alledged in that respect; observing therefore, when I was amongst them, that the Case of the Afflicted was very amazing, and deplorable; and the Charges brought against the Accused, such as were Ground of Suspicions yet very intricate, and difficult to draw up right Conclusions about them. 1. One or two of the first that were Afflicted, Complaining of unusual Illness, their Relations used Physick for their Cure, but it was altogether in vain. 2. They were oftentimes, very stupid in their Fits, and could neither hear nor understand, in the apprehension of the Standers by, so that when Prayer hath been made, with some of them, in such a manner as might be audible in a great Congregation; yet when their Fit was off, they declared they did not hear so much as one Word thereof. 3. It was several times Observed, that when they were discoursed with, about GOD or CHRIST, or the Things of Salvation, they were presently afflicted at a dreadful Rate, and hence were oftentimes Outragious, if they were permitted to be in the Congregation, in the Time of the Publick Worship. . 5. They affirm'd, That they saw the Ghosts of several departed Persons, who at their appearing, did instigate them, to discover such as (they said) were Instruments to hasten their Deaths; threatning sorely to afflict them, if they did not make it known to the Magistrates; they did affirm at the Examination, and again at the Tryal of an accused Person, that they saw the Ghosts of his two Wives (to whom he had carryed very ill in their Lives, as was proved by several Testimonies) and also that they saw the Ghosts of My Wife and Daughter, (who dyed above three Years before) and they did affirm, that when the very Ghosts looked on the Prisoner at the Bar, they looked red, as if the Blood would fly out of their Faces, with Indignation at him: The Manner of it was thus; Several Afflicted being before the Prisoner at the Bar, on a sudden they fixed all their Eyes together, on a certain Place of the Floor before the Prisoner; neither moving their Eyes nor Bodies, for some few Minutes, nor answering to any Question which was asked them; so soon as that Trance was over, some being removed out of Sight and Hearing, they were all one after another asked what they saw, and they did all agree, that they saw those Ghosts above mentioned; I was present, and heard and saw the whole of what passed upon that Account, during the Tryal of that Person who was accused to be the Instrument of Satan's Malice therein. |