than that of the noble metal. While meditating on the subject Archimedes went one day to bathe, and the bath happening to be quite full, he saw that a quantity of water overflowed precisely equal to his own immersed bulk. The idea flashed upon him that the crown lowered into a vessel quite full of water would, if of pure gold, displace and cause to overflow a quantity of water equal to that which would be displaced by a mass of gold of any shape, but of the same weight as the crown. If, however, the crown were an alloy, it would displace a larger volume of water than would be displaced by a crown of gold. In fact, it appeared that Hieron's crown was an alloy of gold and silver, let us suppose in the proportion of 20 to 7 by weight.

Now suppose, for the sake of avoiding decimals, we take water, the standard of comparison, to be 100. Then,

The weight of a cubic inch of water equals
The weight of a cubic inch of gold
The weight of a cubic inch of silver

The weight of 20 cubic inches of gold
The weight of 7 cubic inches of silver

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

...

I last night lay all alone

38.500

7,371

45,871

1,698

The weight of 27 cubic inches of the alloy The weight of a cubic inch of the alloy Hence the specific gravity of the alloy is 1,698, that of water being 100; but if the crown had been of pure gold its specific gravity would have been 1,925.

The overflow method devised by Archimedes has long been superseded by the hydrostatic balance (which gives far more accurate results) and various forms of hydrometer, an instrument said to have been invented by Hypatia, a learned Greek lady of Constantinople. C. TOMLINSON, F.R.S. Highgate, N.

HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY REGIMENT (8th S. iii. 367).—This regiment has on its colours twentyeight battles. The 60th Royal Rifle Corps has a record of thirty battles, but cannot show them on its colours, as rifle regiments do not carry colours. F. C. K.

MANDRAGORA (8th S. iii. 429).—The various speculations respecting the mandrage, its properties, strange fables, legendary lore, is an endless subject. If J. E. S. wishes to go deeply into the ridiculous tales told of this plant he should refer to Gerarde's 'Herbal' (1597); Rev. A. Dyce's 'Glossary to Shakespeare's Works'; 'Folk-lore of Plants,' by Rev. T. F. Thiselton-Dyer; 'Folk Etymology,' by Rev. A. S. Palmer; 'Mystic Trees and Flowers,' by Moncure D. Conway; Fraser's Magazine, 1870, ii. 705; Timbs's Things not Generally Known,' p. 103; All the Year Round, second series, x. 520, xxxvi. 371, 413; 'Dictionary of the Natural History of the Bible,' by Dr. Harris; Nares's 'Glossary'; and Josephus's

"In memory of Ann the only child of John Pasco and Dorothy his wife of this P, who was buried the 27th day of April, 1724, in the 14th year of her age.

"She was very Religious from her Infancy And much given to Prayer and Especially in her Death bed, where she sung y 84th Psalm and said ye following verse.

Farewell Parents dear, Father and Mother.
You'll lose youre Daughter dear, tho' you 've no other.
Pray do not grieve for me, for I am going.
Where there are joys for e'er, like fountains flowing.
Reader who e'er thou art, that view these lines.
Our mourning is for one, cut off betimes.
She was the hopes of Father, and of Mother.
Their only Child, they never had another.
Her Piety, and virtue so Divine

Few of her years so vertuously inclin'd.
She Pray'd and Praised, ye Lord while she had Breath.
Till by a raging fever, brought to Death.
She cry'd I go to Christ, friends do not mourn,
You'll come to me, but I shall ne'er return.
Almighty God, He knows what's for her best,
We hope her soul, with her Redeemer rests."

The thought of "fountains flowing" was no doubt "heavenly" to this girl upon her bed of fever. Č. E. GILDERSOME-DICKINSON. Eden Bridge.

In Tomson's version of the New Testament

(Genevan Bible) there is a marginal note to "from euill" (Matt. vi. 13), which runs "From the deuil, or from all aduersitie."

Liverpool.

J. F. MANSERGH.

"SALLER MONY " (8th S. iii. 408). This was a toll, or custom, paid for salt, especially so used in Cheshire. The sallery, or fee for collecting it, was called "salarium" as early as Edward III.'s reign. Probably it may occur in the church accounts mentioned, in connexion with some revenues in that parish from pits or customs. Also "Sallicher"

was a service of carrying salt by tenants for their lords. C. GOLDING.

Colchester.

REV. HENRY ADAMS (8th S. iii. 387, 417, 478.)—The statement quoted from the Gent. Mag. of July, 1839, to the effect that Mr. Adams had been at the time of his death, in 1839, for nine years chaplain to Lord Montagu, must be qualified by the fact that the eighth and last Viscount of Cowdray, was, as every one knows, drowned at the Falls of Laufenburg or Schaffhausen in 1793. It is true that Mark Antony Browne assumed the title, but as he had previously been a friar of the Roman Church, in which communion he died in 1797, it is unlikely that he required the services of the chaplain of Beaulieu. PERCEVAL LANDON.

ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN (8th S. iii. 408, 477). A memoir of this writer is prepared, and will appear in due course in the 'Dictionary of National Biography.' SIDNEY LEE.

RELICS IN A LONDON CHURCH (8th S. iii. 466). -The correctness of the statements contained in the paragraph which appeared in the City Press has been challenged by no less an authority than the learned vicar of Holy Trinity, Minories, who, in the following extract from a letter addressed to the editor of the Standard, says :

"An article has gone the round of the papers purporting to give particulars of my church and its past history, some extracts of which appeared in your morning and evening editions of the 25th instant. Will you permit me, then, to say that none of the statements in that article are correct? In the first place, the name of my church is not 'St. Mary in the Minories,' but Holy Trinity, Minories'; secondly, the mummified head which we have could not be that of the Duke of Norfolk, as the writer states, for that nobleman never had anything to do with the abbey or the church that I am aware of; but it may be the head of the Duke of Suffolk, to whom the abbey was given for a residence, by royal letters patent, in the reign of Edward VI., and who, whilst resident there, was beheaded for attempting to place his daughter, Lady Jane Grey, upon the throne. The head was found in 1853 in one of the vaults, in a box of oaken sawdust, which, acting as an antiseptic, has marvellously preserved the skin of the face. Thirdly, the writer says that the ancient Priory of Holy Trinity was founded by Matilda, Queen of Henry I., in 1108,' whereas we know that the abbey (not priory) and its church were built in 1293 by Queen Blanche, widow of Henry Le Gros, King of Navarre, who afterwards married Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. The arms of the Queen, with those of the Earl of Lancaster, are now in our vestry. Fourthly, the writer states that on the dissolution of monasteries by Henry VIII., the priory and its precincts were given to Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellor of England, who, after pulling down the church, made the place his residence until his death in the year 1554.' These mistakes are even worse than the former ones, for Henry VIII. gave the abbey to the Bishop of Bath and Wells (Dr. John Clerk) for a place of residence, where he died, and was buried in the vaults of our church, though afterwards his body was, for some cause, removed to Aldgate Church. This was the man who took to the Pope

71, Brecknock Road. [Many replies to the same effect are acknowledged.]

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

History of St. Edmund's College Old Hall. By the Very Rev. Bernard Ward, the President. (Kegan Paul & Co.)

THE Catholic College of Old Hall is the only existing educational institution which can trace its history back to the times of the penal laws, when it was contrary to statute for the Roman Catholic body to have schools of their own where their faith was taught. Twyford School was established in the reign of James II., when for a short time the penal statutes were suspended. The Revolution does not seem to have materially affected Twyford, for Mr. Ward tells us that it continued to exist for more than fifty years. It was suspended during the Rebellion of 1745, but was revived at Standon eight years after, from which place it was removed to Old Hall, where it yet remains, in 1769. In its earlier days it was a mere lay school; but when the French Revolution swept away the English colleges on the Continent, Old Hall received a large influx from Douay, so that the present college of Old Hall may be said to have a double parentage, the one lay and the other ecclesiastical. Douay was founded in the reign of Elizabeth as a place of education for Catholic exiles by Cardinal William Allen, a Lancashire man, who had been educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He graduated in arts in 1554, and shortly after became head of St. Mary's Hall and a canon of York. When Protestantism was established by Queen Elizabeth he threw up his preferments and went over sea, where at length he founded Douay, which was an important educational centre until 1793. In a certain shadowy way Douay may be said to have represented the old traditions of Oxford, and to have handed them on to its daughter Old Hall.

We have seldom met with a fuller or more accurate history of an educational establishment. From the first page to the last Mr. Ward's book overflows with facts, many of which will prove of interest to all personswhatever their form of religious belief-who care for the educational progress which has been so marked a characteristic of the century now closing. The fifth chapter, which gives an account of the sufferings

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