FACING

PAGB

BLIND BOYS AT DRILL IN "THE LIGHT HOUSE,'

New York City

200

225

THE FINDING OF ROMULUS AND REMUS

(From an Old Print)

.

ANTONINUS Pius, CONSECRATOR OF THE WORLD's

FIRST PROTECTIVE FOUNDATION BENEFIT
FOR GIRLS

236 CONSTANTINE THE GREAT, EMPEROR-PROTECTOR OF THE ROMAN CHILD

236

"SUFFER THE LITTLE CHILDREN TO COME UNTO Me"

(After Overbeck)

258

272

THE HOLY FAMILY

(AFTER RUBENS)
(Reproduced by Permission of Museum of Art,

New York)

EVENING RECREATION CENTRE FOR Boys, New

YORK CITY

282

.

MEETING OF AN “EVENING CENTRE,” NEW

YORK CITY

282

FILLING CHRISTMAS BASKETS FOR POOR CHIL

DREN_MOTHERS' HELPING-HAND CLUB, NEW
YORK CITY

297

SAINT VINCENT DE PAUL, FOUNDER OF THE

FIRST PERMANENT ASYLUM FOR CHILDREN
IN FRANCE

298

A HEALTHY PAIR OF INDIAN CHILDREN, WEST

ERN CANADA

318

INFANT TOILERS IN A SILK Mill, SYRIA

(Copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.)

CHILDREN OF Two FAMILIES-As the SOCIETY

FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO Chil-
DREN FOUND THEM

.

333

THE SAME FAMILIES-AFTER ATTENTION FROM

THE SOCIETY

333

.

HENRY BERGH

336

THE “INSPIRATION” OF HENRY BERGH ON
WHICH THE SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF
CRUELTY TO CHILDREN WAS ORGANIZED

336

.

THE JUVENILE Court, NEW YORK CITY; JUS

TICE WYATT ON THE BENCH .

337

History of the Child

CHAPTER I

MATERNAL AFFECTION THE BEGINNING OF HUMAN

ALTRUISM-SYMPATHY AND PARENTAL LOVE THE
BASIS OF OTHER VIRTUES—THE WEAKEST SACRI-
FICED IN ALL PRIMITIVE SOCIETY-NEGLECTED
CHAPTERS IN THE HISTORY OF THE ATTITUDE OF
SOCIETY TOWARD CHILDREN.

IP it were possible to postulate the first definite

concept of the first family that crossed the

vague and age-consuming frontier between animality and humanity, it would be safe to say that this primitive and almost animal mind would reach for an approximation, on the part of the male, to the maternal affection.

In the gathering of food and the making of protective war, many animals are the rivals in instinct and intelligence of primitive man. Continued development in that regard might have produced a race of men “formidable among animals through sheer force of sharp-wittedness,' but not homo sapiens.

In the passage from animality to humanity, there was not only mental evolution, but moral, and the developing mind would naturally exercise itself for days and years, and perhaps for long periods around that one emotion—the love of the female for its youngan emotion he was incapable of understanding, but the outward manifestations of which he would be bound to imitate.

Whether man was led to an understanding of the maternal affections by the "sensuous aspects of the newly-born progeny” appealing to man himself,' or through pity and sympathy, as Spencer suggests, or still more through imitation of the maternal delight, he undoubtedly would be led to a higher mental plane as he slowly came to understand that the maternal affection was not selfgratifying in the sense that marked the entire gamut of his own emotions up to that time.

Even in recent times tribes have been found so low in the social scale that coition and child-birth have been assumed to have no relation, the latter phenomenon being explained by ascribing to certain trees the power to make women fructile. In a society as low in mentality as this, it would be easy to conceive that the woman's unselfishness—her lack of the self-gratifying impulsein protecting, nursing, and rearing a burden superimposed on her with no pleasurable antecedents, would be even more amazing than it would be to the male living in a state sufficiently advanced to understand the reproductive function.