NATIVE EAST AFRICAN MOTHER AND INFANT (Courtesy of Museum of Natural History, New A WELL-CARED FOR ESKIMO INFANT 17 17 (Courtesy of Museum of Natural History, New 20 24 FAMILY LIFE AMONG BIRDS. GROUP OF AMERI- (Courtesy of Museum of Natural History, New A FAMILY OF Anthropoid Apes, from a Draw- (Courtesy of Museum of Natural History, New FAMILY OF POLAR BEARS (Courtesy of Museum of Natural History, New PRIMITIVE FAMILY LIFE AMONG THE HOPI (Courtesy of the Museum of Natural History, 24 28 A HINDU CHILD-MOTHER, WHOSE CARES WILL ZULU GIRL WITH BABY. THE PRACTICE OF FACING 42 42 SPECIAL REPOSITORY FOR Bodies of NEGLECTED 56 (Reproduced from "China in Decay") AN OVERBURDENED CHINESE CHILD CARRYING 69 (Copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.) "LITTLE MOTHERS"-THE ONE FIVE, THE OTHER EIGHT, YEARS OLD-CHINA 69 TSUCHI-NINGIO. CLAY FIGURE SUBSTITUTED 80 80 (Reproduced from "Transactions and Proceedings CROCK CONTAINING REMAINS OF SACRIFICED (Reproduced from “Life in Ancient Egypt") A POMEIOC CHIEFTAIN'S WIFE AND CHILD (From the Original Water-Colour Drawing in the ESKIMO MOTHER CARRYING INFANT IN HER (From the Original Water-Colour Drawing in the 94 94 FOREWORD HIS is a new sort of book, and unique. That THIS is why I look upon the permission to write a brief preface for it as a rare privilege. Writings on children are frequent. When, in 1875, I contributed, for Karl Gerhardt's immense Handbuch, my Hygiene of the Child, I quoted seven hundred treatises or pamphlets on that subject. There are now at least seven thousand of the kind, and the number of text-books on the diseases of children and infants do no longer lead a pardonable, rarely a laudable, existence. A few monographs on special subjects, or modern publications, as Erich Wulffen's The Child: His Nature and Degeneration (Berlin, 1913), or the two large anthropological volumes by H. Ploss, The Child in the Customs and Morals of Nations (third edition by B. Renz, 1911), are praiseworthy examples of useful books. But while these are instructive they do not rouse historical interest. Indeed, the history of the child has been grossly neglected. The epoch-making works of Rosenstein, Charles West, Rilliet and Barthez, and Karl Gerhardt contain no history. The work of Puschmann (Neuberger and Pagel) fills twenty pages with the history of the child in a text of 344165 three thousand pages relating to the history of medicine. Altogether our country has been disrespectful to its best possessions, viz., the children. There was until a few decades ago not even a professional teaching of the children's diseases in our medical schools. A regular chair was established in 1860 (New York Medical College), -it lasted for a few years only. The second was in 1898 (Harvard). There were few child's hospitals or wards in hospitals until a few years ago, even in the largest cities. Society, law, humanitarianism did not mind children. It is only a few months that an official publication in our democratic country carried the title; "Is There a Need of a Child Labour Law?" and our civilization was humbled by medical discussion of the advisability of killing the deformed or unpromising newborn. It seems to take a long time before this republic of ours begins to work out of the ruts of semi-barbarism. And now, at last, there is a book to supply our wants. Laymen have advanced ahead of the medical profession. Christ and the Stoics, the clergy and the public opinion of the Crusades and the Christian sentiments of the Mediæval Church, aye, the great slaughterer and revolutionary reformer, Napoleon, have called the children under their protection and benefactions. A vast amount of study relating to primary populaces and nations in gradual development was required to learn the history of the child. Illustrations ISIS IN THE PAPYRUS SWAMPS, SUCKLING HORUS (Reproduced from "The Gods of the Egyptians, or GROUP OF M'AYPTAH, THE PRIEST OF PTAH, (Reproduced from "Life in Ancient Egypt") xvii FACING 106 LETTER OF ILLARION, AN EGYPTIAN LABOurer, (Reproduced from "Light from the Ancient East") FLORIDA WOMEN SACRIFICING THEIR FIRST- (From an Old Print) THE INCAS OFFERING A HUMAN SACRIFICE TO . 118 122 144 (From "Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquains," by AMERICAN SAVAGES SUBSTITUTING AN ANIMAL 144 (From "Mœurs des Sauvages Amériquains," by MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS FOUND IN A CHILD'S (Reproduced from "Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen 150 |