charter; and he invokes a blessing on those who preserve the rights of the place. Witnesses... [c. 1200.]

XI

[Earl Gilbert grants certain lands to Inchaffray and the canons there serving God.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that for the weal of the souls of himself, his wife, the countess Matildis, his father, his mother, and his heirs, he has given to the church of St. John the Evangelist, and the canons there serving and to serve, the whole land of Ardeeweni, the whole land of Achadlongsih, the whole land of Dufinder, and the whole of that land of Madderty, which was of old called the Abbacy, by their right marches, and with all their just pertinents. To be held in free, pure, and perpetual alms, in wood and plain, lands and waters, meadows and pastures, moors and marshes, peat-mosses and fish-pools, stanks and mills, with all other just pertinents and other easements, free of every aid and service, custom and secular exaction, as freely as any alms in the kingdom of Scotland is held of any earl. Witnesses . [c. 1200.]

XII

[Another charter of the same grants with the same witnesses, but with many variants in the spelling of the proper names.]

XIII

[Earl Gilbert's grant of the church of Abruthven to the

canons.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that he has given to God, St. Mary, St. John of Inchaffray, and the canons of the same place, and their successors, for the love of God, and the weal of the souls of himself, his wife, his ancestors and heirs, the church of St. Kathan of Abruthven, with all its just pertinents, in tithes and oblations and obventions of all kinds, with the land, by its right marches, which his father, Ferteth, and his mother, Ethen, gave to the same church in dowery, with common pasture and other easements, to be held of him and his heirs in pure and perpetual

alms, as freely as any church in the whole realm of Scotland. Witnesses [c. 1200.]

XIV

[Earl Gilbert's grant to the canons of the church of Madderty.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that he has granted to God, St. Mary, St. John the Apostle of Inchaffray, and the canons of the same place, and their successors, for the love of God and the weal [etc., as in last charter] the church of St. Ethernan of Madderty, with all its just pertinents in tithes, oblations, and obventions of all kinds, with the land pertaining to the same church, and with common pasture and other easements, to be held of him and his heirs for ever, as freely as any religious in the whole realm of Scotland hold any church. Witnesses [c. 1200.]

XV

.

[Earl Gilbert's grant to the canons of the church of Kynkell.]

Earl Gilbert makes known [in the same language as that employed in No. XIV.] that he has granted the church of St. Bean of Kynkell. Witnesses. . . [c. 1200.]

XVI

[Earl Gilbert's grants to the canons of the tithe of his cains, etc., liberty to fish in his waters, and to take timber from his woods.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that he has granted to Inchaffray and the canons, for himself and his heirs, in pure and perpetual alms, a tithe of all his cains, in wheat, meal, malt, cheese, flesh, beasts, and of all his hunting, and of fowl and fish, and all things used as food and drink. Also victuals for their servant, whomsoever they shall place in our court for demanding and receiving on their behalf our aforesaid tithes, as fully and honourably as for one of our own servants. Also leave to fish in the Pow Water (Peferin) and in our other waters, where and when they wish. Also timber for the building of the construction of their buildings, and pannage and bark, and wood for fuel to be taken in our woods, where it seems to them most convenient, and as much as

is needful for them.' All the above to be possessed by them as freely as any religious in the whole realm of Scotland hold any alms. This gift was made in the year from the Incarnation of our Lord 1200.' Witnesses

XVII

[Earl Gilbert grants to the canons leave for fishing and fowling. He grants second tithes as recounted in No. xvI.: also the right of cutting timber, and of pannage. He also promises that he and his heirs will not convey any land or let it for rent without securing the rights of Inchaffray.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that he has granted to Inchaffray, in pure and perpetual alms, for himself and his heirs, a tithe of all his rents (firmarum) and cains [as in No. xvI.]; and victuals for the canons' servant [as in No. xvI.]; also liberty for fishing and fowling through all his lands, waters, and lakes; also he grants from his woods timber for their buildings and all other uses; and pannage and bark, and fuel. He also grants to the canons that neither he nor his heirs will in future make any grant of land, or let land for rent, without securing to the canons from such lands all the rights which were due to them while such lands were in the immediate possession (dominio) of the earl. Wherefore if any one exhibits against them any charter with the purpose of maintaining that the canons ought not to claim or exact their right, the earl testifies that such charter is to be annulled. This grant was made in the year of grace, 1200. Witnesses.

XVIII

[King William confirms the grants of the churches of Madderty, Kinkell, and Auchterarder.]

W., by the grace of God, king of Scots, makes known that he confirms to God and the church of St. John the Evangelist of Inchaffray and the religious there serving and to serve God, the gift which Gilbert, earl of Strathern, made to them of the church of Madderty, the church of St. Bean of Kinkell, and the church of St. Makessoch of Auchterarder, all with their just pertinents. To be held in free, pure, and perpetual alms as the charter of

[Earl Gilbert grants a place for a mill on the Pow Water.]

Earl Gilbert makes known that he has given to Inchaffray and the canons, a place for a mill on the Pow Water in the land of Balmakgillon, with toft, stank, and other easements pertaining to the mill, to be held of him and his heirs in pure and perpetual alms, save the suit (secta) of his men, who ought to resort to his mills. Witnesses [1201-3.]

XX

[King William's confirmation of the lands granted by Earl

Gilbert.]

W., by the grace of God, king of Scots, makes known that he confirms to God, St. John of Inchaffray, and the canons there serving and to serve, that gift which Earl Gilbert of Strathern made of the whole land of Ardehewni . . . Archadlongsih.. Dufhinder... and of that land of Madderty which of old was called Abthen, by their right marches and with all their just pertinents, as freely. . . as the charter of Earl Gilbert justly testifies, 'yet so that the said earl and his heirs will perform the whole service due to me and my heirs from the remainder of Madderty.' Witnesses. . . At Stirling the fifth day of April [1201 or 1202].

XXI

[Bull of Innocent III. taking the monastery of St. John of Inchaffray under his protection, and confirming to it its possessions.]

'Innocent, bishop, servant of the servants of God, to his beloved sons, the Prior and canons of the monastery of St. John, Apostle and Evangelist, of Inchaffray.' He assents to their petitions, and takes the monastery under the protection of St. Peter and himself. Their possessions and goods of all kinds which the monastery at that time justly and canonically possessed or might

afterwards acquire by the grants of bishops, the bounty of kings or princes, or by the offerings of the faithful, or in any other just way, were to remain inviolably theirs. He then particularises: (1) the place in which the monastery was situated; (2) the churches of St. Katan of Abruthven, St. Ethernan of Madderty, St. Patrick of Strugeith, St. Makessoc of Auchterarder, the church of Dunning, the church of St. Bean of Kinkell, with all their pertinents, and as granted by Gilbert, Earl of Strathearn, the right of patronage of the aforesaid churches; (3) the mill on the Pow Water at Ballemacgillon; (4) a tithe of the earl's cains and rents in wheat, etc. [as in the great charter No. Ix.]; (5) a tithe of the produce of his hunting, and of all the gains which are known to come from his courts and from other things; (6) leave to fish wherever they will in the Pow Water; (7) of the gift of the same, from his woods, timber, pannage, bark, and fuel; (8) the three acres of land nearest to the isle towards the north, which he granted at the building of the church; (9) the whole land of Ardeugani, the whole land of Achatlongsi, the whole land of Duuinder, the whole land of Madderty, which was of old called Abthen, with all their pertinents, in wood and plain, etc.,' as in his [the earl's] originals (autenticis) is more fully contained'; (10) of the gift of the late Orable, mother of Seher de Quincy, eight acres of land in the territory of Gask; (11) the liberties, ancient immunities, and reasonable customs granted to their church, and hitherto observed, the Pope holds as ratified, and sanctions their remaining unimpaired for all time; (12) it is declared lawful for them to receive and retain without contradiction clerks, and laymen who are freemen, when fleeing from the world to join the monastery (ad conversionem); (13) he prohibits any brother after having made his profession leaving the place without the leave of the prior, and no one may presume to retain such without the common letters of the monastery; (14) when there is a general interdict of the land it shall be lawful for them to celebrate divine service in a low voice, with closed doors and silent bells, excommunicated persons having been previously excluded; (15) Moreover, by the authority of the present writ we prohibit any one promulgating sentence of excommunication or interdict against you or your church without manifest and reasonable cause. In testimony of having obtained this protection from the Apostolic See, ye shall pay one bezant yearly, offered to us and our successors gratis.'