and the savages of the wilderness. On the next day, Sunday, June 10th, 1610, Lord De la War's squadron, consisting of three ships, arrived off the fort, and he and his retinue landed at the south gate of the palisado. His Secretary, William Strachey, has given the following interesting account of the manner in which he took possession of his government:

"Upon his Lordship's landing at the South gate of the Pallizado, (which lookes into the Riuer,) our Gouernour caused his Company in armes to stand in order, and make a guard. His Lordship, landing, fell vpon his knees, and before vs all, made a long and silent prayer to himself, and after, marched vp into the towne, where, at the gate, I bowed with the colours, and let them fall at his lordship's feete, who passed on into the Chappell, where he heard a Sermon by Master Bucke, our Gouernour's Preacher, and, after that, caused a gentleman, one of his own followers, to read his Commission, which instituted him Lord Gouerneur, and Captaine Generall during his life, of the Colony and plantation in Virginia."*

The Colonists were now to see more peaceful and prosperous days, under the wise and beneficent rule of Lord De la War. And if his life had only been spared a few years longer, he might have laid such a foundation, as would have prevented many of their future miscarriages and miseries. His manifestation of a humble and devout spirit, when he first stepped upon the soil, and his immediate attention to the spiritual interest of his people, assure us that he was actuated by undisguised faith and humility. His Secretary, Strachey, in his description of Jamestown, thus speaks of the Church, and the provision made by Lord De la War for its restoration and care:

"In the midst is a market place, a store-house, and a corps du guard, as, likewise, a pretty Chappell, though, at this time, when wee came in, as ruined and unfrequented: but the Lord Governor and Captain Generall, hath given order for the repairing of it, and, at this instant, many hands are about it. It is, in length, threescore foote, in breadthe, twenty-foure, and shall have a Chancell in it of Cedar, and a Communion Table, of the Blake Walnut, and all the Pewes of Cedar, with faire broad windowes, to shut and open, as the weather shall occasion, of the same wood, a Pulpet of the same, with a Font, hewen hollow, like a Canoa, with two Bels at the West end. It is so cast, as to be very light within, and the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall doth cause it to be kept passing sweete, and trimmcd vp with divers flowers, with a Sexton belonging to it, and in it, euery Sunday, wee have Sermons twice a day, and every Thursday a Sermon, hauing true preachers, which take their weekly turnes; and every morning, at the ringing af the bell, about ten of the clocke, each man addresseth himselfe to prayers, and so at foure

Purchas, Vol. IV, 1754.

of the clocke, before Supper. Every Sunday, when the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall goeth to Church, hee is accompanied with all the Counsailers, Captaines, other officers, and all the Gentlemen, with a guard of Holberdiers, in his Lordship's Liuery, faire red cloakes, to the number of fifty, both on each side, and behinde him: And being in the Church, his Lordship hath his seate in the Quier in a greene uelvet chaire, with a cloath, with a uelvet cushion spread on a table before him, on which he kneeleth, and on each side sit the Counsell, Captaines, and Officers, each in their place, and when he returneth home againe, he is waited on to his house in the same manner."*

No American Churchman can fail to feel a deep interest in that first house of Prayer, that consecrated our soil to the worship of the true God, and from whence came

"The [first] sound of the Church-going bell,

These valleys and rocks ever heard."

The regard and attention thus paid to the worship and to the House of God, by this noble lord, in the wilds of America, and in sight only of the rude and simple savage, is evidence of a devout spirit, not to be questioned. And could that little Church, that two hundred and fifty years ago, with its two bells, waked the echoes of the forests of Virginia, be re-produced in our sight, with its Chancel, its Communion Table, its Font and Pulpit,-"all kept passing sweete, and trimmed up with divers flowers,"-our very children could tell us the Faith, the Discipline, and the Worship that was there taught and celebrated. Happy had it been for the history and fortunes of both Church and State, in the "Old Dominion,” had such a faithful and devout spirit, as that of Lord De la War, guided and controlled her destinies in the many trials she has passed through.

* Purchas, Vol. IV, 1752, 53.

ART. V.-MOTLEY'S HISTORY OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC. (CONCLUDED.)

The Rise of the Dutch Republic. A History. BY JOHN LOTHROP MOTLEY, D. C. L. 3 Vols. 8vo. New York: 1859.

BUT, although Granvella was gone, and quiet seemed restored, it proved but a momentary calm. The Council of Trent closed its sessions, and its decrees produced an universal outcry. They were not even acceptable to all the Roman Catholics. France, and several of the German States, rejected them. In the Council of State at Brussels, they met a most determined opposition. The Prince of Orange declared, that "the nation neither would nor could acknowledge them, since they were, for the most part, opposed to the fundamental principles of their Constitution; and for similar reasons they had been rejected by several Roman Catholic princes." The King enforced the Tridentine Decrees in all his other dominions; he had ordered! the Regent to enforce them in the Netherlands. The Council was greatly perplexed. It was resolved to send an envoy to Madrid to confer with the King on the subject. For this mission Egmont was selected. His instructions were drawn up by Viglius, the President of the Council; but they were too vague to meet the wishes of Orange and his followers. "The President's statement of our grievances," said Orange, "comes very far short of the truth. How can the King apply the suitable remedies, if we conceal from him the full extent of the evil? Let us not represent the number of the heretics inferior to what it really is. Let us candidly acknowledge, that they swarm in every province and in every hamlet, however small.. Nor let us disguise from him the truth, that they despise the penal statutes, and entertain but little reverence for the government. What good can come of this concealment ?" Egmont, on his arrival, was received by Philip with a cordiality that charmed him. Nothing of delicate attention and open flattery was wanting. Egmont was spell-bound by the condescending affability of royalty. He returned to give his coun40*

VOL. XIV.-NO. III.

trymen a glowing description of the kindness of the King, and held out hopes of a speedy redress of grievances. But the letters of instruction which he presented, showed that Philip was resolved to yield nothing. The Decrees of the Council of Trent were ordered to be rigidly enforced, and the inquisitors were exhorted to prosecute their work with zeal. The news of the King's obstinacy aroused anew the exasperation of the people. Egmont, who saw that he had been duped, was betrayed into unguarded expressions of indignation, which were duly reported to the King and treasured up against the day of wrath. The popular rage was of so menacing a character that the Council feared to obey the orders of the King. Viglius, a faithful servant of the crown, asserted that it would be madness to attempt it in the existing frenzy of the people. But Orange, who saw that the great crisis had come, asserted, to the amazement of both friends and foes, that the orders of the King were too positive to be disobeyed. He knew that "there is a tide in the affairs of men," and that the Netherlands must either seize the sword, or perish by the sword. After such an opinion from the Prince of Orange, no one could venture to recommend a disobedience of the royal decree. The Council was silent. The Regent decided that the royal orders must be obeyed, and Orange exclaimed exultingly,-" Now will soon be performed a great tragedy." From that moment the war began. The heart of the Netherlands stood still; commerce was stopped; the foreign residents fled the country, and both parties prepared to decide the contest by an appeal to arms.

At this juncture, some of the nobles formed a League, by which they bound themselves to oppose, with all their power, the introduction of the dreaded Inquisition, and to defend each other against all attacks. The members of the League drew up a solemn petition, which they presented to the Regent. Barlaimont, who regarded their proceedings with contempt, told the trembling Regent that she need not fear such a band of beggars. The expression was repeated at a banquet at Kinlemberg House which the members of the League attended, and they immediately adopted the name. The cry of "Long live the beggars" arose, and was a rallying cry throughout the entire

war. The Regent found herself constrained to notice the petitions of the League, whose strength and attitude had now become imposing. The executions of the heretics were, in a measure stayed, and both parties agreed that another embassy should be sent to the King. The Marquis of Berghen and the Lord of Montigny were ordered to repair to Spain, and they left on their mission, never to return. Meanwhile, the mitigation of Inquisitorial rigor gave some courage to the Protestants. They assembled, in immense numbers, to attend field preaching. At these assemblies, they took the precaution of stationing armed men, to prevent interruption. Brederode, one of the foremost of the Leaguers, repaired to Antwerp and harangued the citizens, thus raising still higher the courage of the Protestants. A vast crowd collected near Antwerp to hear the Protestant preachers, who loaded the Church of Rome with every epithet of coarse invective. The Regent sent the Prince of Orange to Antwerp, to pour oil on the troubled waters. To add to the confusion, a general assembly of the League was called. The Regent trembled at the danger. She sent Orange and Egmont to protest against the unlawful assemblage. The reply of the Confederates was respectful, but bold and firm. In the meantime, Berghen and Montigny arrived in Spain. The King referred their letter of instructions to the Council, who advised him to recall the Spanish Inquisition, to moderate the edicts, and to give the Regent the power of pardoning any but notorious offenders. But, while the Council was deliberating, a new phase of events occurred which disconcerted all their plans. The Iconoclasts had begun their work!

This startling expression of the popular rage shows the boldness to which the rebels had now attained. The Cathedral of Ypres was the first victim of their fury; but the sacrilegious madness spread, like magic, through the provinces. The Churches of the country were, for the most part, magnificent. They blazed with gold and silver and costly gems; they were decorated with paintings by the best masters, and crowded with statues of the Saints. The Cathedral of Antwerp was one of the most gorgeous in Europe. It had been originally founded by that hero of the Gierusalamme Liberata who led