The Alicantes and Mourastels resist the disease re

markably well.

The Muscat.-This vine has in its form and in its wood a great analogy with the Aramon, but it does not resist the oïdium well, and its fruit is affected much sooner than that of the other.

The Piquepouls should be especially watched. As soon as the disease appears on them, so abrupt is its attack, the crop is ruined in a few hours if measures are not taken. The attack aims principally at the grapes, and is much less felt on the shoots and leaves, which is the reverse of what happens with the Aramon. After the beginning of June or last of May, whenever we see the verdure of the shoots grow pale, and a few spots appear on the young leaves, sulphur must be applied; it will arrest the disease for three or four weeks. It must be afterward renewed according as it may appear necessary. I have succeeded in saving Piquepouls strongly attacked by means of three sulphurings properly administered in May, June, and July. Under the influence of sulphur, this variety gives very beautiful products.

The Terrets take the disease in an anomalous manner. Sometimes they resist very well, and give the best crops; sometimes they give, on the contrary,

the worst results, because the disease takes the form of "rougeau." We seldom see any of their shoots diseased until the epoch of general invasion comes, which is about the time of blossoming (the 25th of June), or a little after, from the 1st to the 5th of July; sometimes it comes sooner, in the first fortnight of June; sometimes, again, it does not come at all, and then the vine is naturally cured. This last case is rare, however, and it is best not to count on it.

The invasion announces itself by a slight yellowness of the leaves; these, at their extremities, show white spots, chiefly at the indentations. On the grapes, before as well as after the blossoming, oïdium dust appears. If the grapes have not blossomed, the injury may already be considerable.

Rougeau of Terrets. On the appearance of the earliest symptoms, sulphur must be applied without delay. A few days of delay are very prejudicial, for the disease of the vine takes suddenly, with Terrets, a new and terrible form: the vegetation of the plants ceases, the leaf turns red, dries, and falls; the fruit dries or becomes atrophied; often it continues slowly to become covered with a gray dust; the berries then detach themselves one by one, or cease to grow any more: hardly a trace of fruit remains.

It is this particular form of the disease that we

generally designate at this day, in the Department of L'Herault, under the name of rougeau. This does not at all resemble the peculiar affection that the vine-cultivators of the north and east called rougeot before the disease of the vine was known. Messrs. Dunal and Esprit Fabre, who first called attention to the rougeau in January, 1854, took great care to distinguish it from the other, but they did not attribute to it the origin which I give it, for they made of it a disease entirely distinct from that produced by the oïdium. Since 1853 I have declared the rougeau of Terrets to be a particular form of the vine disease. It is produced by it, because we never see the rougeau appear on our Terrets before the invasion of the oïdium-it always follows that, and is its consequence. Besides, when sulphur is applied to the Terrets at the moment of the oïdium's appearance, the disease is cured, and the rougeau does not appear.

A good application of sulphur at the beginning of the disease averts it for about twenty-five days. After that interval, if we have not yet reached the time when the grapes begin to color (the 15th or 20th of August), we may again perceive, on the young leaves at the end of the shoots, and on the grapes, new beginnings of the disease; often even the signs of rou

geau itself. We must be prompt to sulphur again, which will carry us safely through to vintage.

When the application of sulphur is too long delayed, and the rougeau actually comes, we must not hesitate to have recourse to the remedy anew, unless things have gone so far that all is lost. In 1854, from the 17th to the 19th of July, I sulphured gray Terrets strongly attacked by rougeau—the crop was already half destroyed. At the end of ten days vegetation resumed its course, the rougeau was arrested, and all the grapes which had not become atrophied were preserved. The vines in question yielded half a crop. Those in the same field which were not sulphured perished entirely.

The rougeau works its ravages principally at the epoch of our greatest heats, from the 15th of July to the 15th of August. Of all forms of the disease, it is the most disastrous and most rapidly destructive.*

In general, two sulphurings, well done, and at the proper moment, combat it effectively on Terrets, although it often assumes a disastrous intensity. This

* Possibly this form of oïdium is the one for whose maw our dear little Nortons are destined. Certainly something very like the rougeau came to my Norton vines last year. We hear, too, of the Delawares losing their leaves. We shall see.-F.

is because the oïdium begins its work upon that variety quite late.

In 1855 and 1856 two sulphurings proved sufficient to preserve my gray Terrets. The first was given between the 4th and 7th of July, the second between the 1st and 3d of August:

VINES SULPHURED THE PRECEDING YEAR.

Every year since 1855 I have made comparative observations of vines sulphured in 1854, 1855, 1856, and 1857, and those which were not. In both, the oïdium made its annual reappearance at the same epoch, and with the same intensity.* In 1854 I sulphured several vines from the 7th to the 17th of August. This was late enough, certainly, for the operation to have a preservative effect; yet in the following year, as early as May, I found the oïdium on shoots of those vines. What sufficed to meet the disease and render it harmless for one season was not sufficient to prevent its recurring early in the next; so that the use of sulphur from year to year is not a preventive against the disease; nor is it any more so when resorted to at the beginning of vegeta

*In 1856 Carignan vines sulphured and preserved in 1855 were attacked after the end of April, like others not sulphured at all. In 1857 they were attacked in May.