conclude with the novel designation of Wali Amiru-l muminín—Servant of the Commander of the Faithful." The coins of Alptigín bear the name of the Sámání sovereign 'Abdu-l malik, followed by "Alptigín." That of Bilkátigín has the name of Mansúr bin Núh, and below it "Bilkátigín." Those of Subuktigín are of similar character. They bear the names of Núh bin Mansúr and Subuktigín, as also that of the Khalif At Tạia'li-llah. The various legends on the coins of Mahmúd have been already noticed. MUHAMMAD. The legend is, "Jálalu-d daulat wa jamalu-l millat, Muhammad bin Mahmúd;-the glory of the State and the beauty of the Faith, Muhammad son of Mahmúd." Another coin bears his father's titles, "Yamínu-d daulat wa Aminu-l Millat, Nizámu-d dín Abú-l Kásim Muhammad bin Mahmúd.” The name of the Khalifa Al Kádir bi-llah also appears. MAS'UD.-The coins of this sovereign differ considerably in their legends. Some have the simple legend "Mas'ud" or "Mas'ud bin Mahmud." Others have the titles "Sultánu-l mu'azzam, Maliku-l 'álam; the great Sultán, king of the world." Another legend is equally high sounding, but of a religious character. "Násir dínu 'llah Hafiz 'ibádu-llah, Zahir Khalifu-llah; defender of the religion of God, protector of the servants of God, supporter of the Khalífa of God." In others this is contracted into "Násiru-d dínu-llah Abú Sa'id Mas'ud bin Mahmúd," and in others changed into "Násiru-d dínu-llah Háfiz 'ibádu-llah; defender of the religion of God, protector of the servants of God." On the earlier coins the name of the Khalífa Al Kádir bi-llah appears, on later ones the name of Al Káim bi Amru-llah, his son and successor designate is added, and after the death of Al Kádir the name of Al Káim appears alone. MAUDÚD." Shahábu-d daulat wa Kutbu-l millat; the meteor of the State and the pole-star of Religion." In some coins " Abú-l fath; father of victory" is added; and in others it is substituted for Kutbu-l Millat. Another variety in the legend is "Fakhru-l imlat, the glory of the faith." The name of the Khalífa, Al Káim bi Amru-llah. 'ABDU-R RASHÍD.-"'Izzu-d daulat, Zainu-l millat, Sharafu-llah; the glory of the State, the ornament of Religion, the honoured of God." Khalifa's name, Al Káim bi Amru-llah. FARRUKH-ZÁD.-On some coins the simple name “ Farrukh-zád” or "Farrukh-zád bin Ma'súd." On others the titles "Jamálu-d daulat wa Kamálu-l millat; the ornament of the State and the Perfection of Religion." He is also called in some "Abú Shujá', father of courage." Name of the Khalífa, Al Káim bi Amru-llah. IBRAHIM.-The legends of the coins issued in the long reign are very various. The simplest is "Ibráhím bin Mas'úd." Another is "Abú Muzaffar Ibrahim." Others are "Sultánu-l'azam, the great Sultán;" "Zahíru-d daulat, the protector of the State;" "Nasíru-d daulat, "Zahiru-l millat, defender of the State and protector of the Faith;" Káhiru-l mulúk, Saiyidu-s Salátín, conqueror of kings and chief of monarchs." The Khalifa's name Al Káim bi Amru-llah. MAS'UD II.-" Abú Sa'd, the happy;" "Sultánu-l 'azam, the great king; "Sultánu-l 'ádil, the just king;" "Ala'u-d daulat wa Sanáu-l millat, supreme in the State, pre-eminent in Religion;" "Zahiru-l ímán, defender of the Faith;" "Nizámu-d dín, administrator of Religion;" "Mauláu-s Salátín, king of kings." All these various titles were used, and sometimes two or more of them on one coin. The Khalifa's name, Al Mustazhar bi-llah. ARSLÁN." As Sultánu-l 'azam, Sultánu-d daulat, Malik Arslán bin Mas'úd." The Khálífa, Al Mustazhar bi-llah. BAHRÁM.-" Bahrám Shah, Sultánu-l'azam, Yamínu-d daulat." KHUSRÚ SHAH.-" As Sultánu-l 'azam, Mu'izzu-d daulat, The Great Sultan, Glory of the State." Khalifa, Al Muktafí 1-Amru-llah. KHUSRÚ MALIK.-" Sultánu-l 'azam; Táju-d daulat, Crown of the State; Siráju-d daulat, Lamp of the State." Khalifas, Muktafi and Mustanjid. MUHAMMAD GHORÍ. This conqueror is called by many historians Shahábu-d dín, a name which the Rauzatu-s Safá tells us was changed to Mu'izzu-d din when his brother Ghiyásu-d dín became king. He is also commonly known as Muhammad Sám or Muhammad bin Sám, a name which the coins show him to have borne in common with his brother. The superscription on his coins is " As Sultánu-l'azam Mu'izzu-d dunyá wau-d dín Abú-l Muzaffar Muhammad bin Sám." On some coins this is contracted into "Sultánu-l 'azam Abú-l Muzaffar Muhammad bin Sám," and on others to "Sultánu-l 'azam Muhammad bin Sám.” The most interesting coins, however, of this monarch are those described by Mr. Thomas (J. R. A. S., xvii. p. 194) as struck in honor of his "Martyred Lord" by Táju-d dín Yalduz, at Ghazní, after the death of Muhammad bin Sám. Local coins are also extant of the closely succeeding kings: Kubáchah of Sind, 'Aláu-d din Muhammad Khwárizmí, Jallálu-d dín Mankburín; Changíz Khán and Saifu-d dín al Hasan Karlagh of Ghazní and Multán. KUTBU-D DÍN AIBAK.-Coins unknown. ARÁM SHAH.-" Abú-l Muzaffar Aram Sháh Sultán.” ALTAMSH. -“As Sultánu-l'azam Shamsu-d dunyá wau-d dín Abú-l Muzaffar Altamsh as Sultán." Some of the copper coins have only the name "Shams," and others "Altamsh." RUKNU-D DÍN.-" As Sultánu-l mu'azzam Ruknu-d dín binu-s Sultán." SULTAN RAZIYA (QUEEN.)—" As Sultánu-l'azam Jalálatu-d dunyá wau-d din Malikatu-l bint Altamshu-s Sultán Mihrat Amíru-l muminín, the great Sultán, the glory of the world and the Faith, the Queen, the daughter of the Sultán Altamsh, the beloved of the Commander of the Faithful." 66 Mu'izzu-d dín BAHRÁM SHAH.-" As Sultánu-l 'azam 'Aláu dunyá wau-d dín." 'ALÁU-D DÍN.—“ As Sultánu-l 'azam 'Aláu-d dunyá wau-d dín Abú-l Muzaffar Mas'ud Shah." NÁSIRU-D DÍN.—“As Sultánu-l 'azam Násiru-d dunya wau-d dín Abú-l Muzaffar Mahmud ibnu-s Sultán.” The last two superscriptions are shortened on the smaller coins by stopping at the word dín. APPENDIX E. The following extracts are taken from three works resembling the Jámi'u-l Hikáyát. Like the Jámi", these works are of a general character, but the stories selected from them were intended by Sir H. Elliot to illustrate the reigns of the Ghaznivides, and the extracts relate almost exclusively to that dynasty. The Appendix to this volume therefore seems the most appropriate place for their appearance. If introduced in chronological sequence, two of the extracts would come in much later and be far removed from the other works on the Ghaznivide dynasty. EXTRACTS FROM THE Majma'-i Wasáyá. [The following stories are taken from a work which the Munshí who translated them calls Majma'-i Nasáyah. In the list of works prefixed to Sir H. Elliot's original volume it is entered "No. LXXIX. Wassaya, Nizámu-1 Mulk." No copy of the work is to be found in Sir H. Elliot's library, nor have I been able to obtain access to one. There is no doubt, however, that the extracts are derived from the work of Nizámu-1 Mulk Túsí, the celebrated wazír of Malik Sháh Saljúk. This work was largely used by Hammer in his History of the Assassins, and he refers to it as the "Wassaya, or Political Institutes of Nizámu-l Mulk." The title of the work then is Majma'-i Wasáyá; but it is possible that the copy used by the Munshí bore the title Majma'i Nasáih, which is almost identical in signification. The work consists of a series of counsels addressed to the author's own sons. Malik Shah Saljúk reigned from 1072 to 1092 A.D., and Nizámu-1 Mulk fell by the dagger of an assassin one month before the death of his master. The work, then, was written in the decline of the Ghaznivide dynasty; and a few stories relating to them and to India have been selected. One passage concerning Nizámu-1 Mulk himself, and Hasan Sabáh the founder of the sect of the Assassins, has no direct reference to India, but it is interesting, and it enables us to identify the work as being the same as that used by Hammer. (See History of the Assassins, Transl. p. 44.) The wording of the Extracts has been revised in part by Sir H. Elliot and in part by some unknown hand, but the translation seems not to have been tested; it must therefore rest upon the authority of the Munshí.'] Khwaja 'Ali Khesháwand. In the beginning of Sultán Subuktigín's reign the office of Wazír was conferred on Khwaja Abú-1 'Abbás Isfaráíní, but Amír 'Alí Khesháwand, who was the head of the Hájibs and one of the greatest and most trustworthy officers of the Sultán, entertained. hostility against him. The Khwaja had informed the King of this, and therefore his Majesty was never angry with him. Although complaints were brought against him from different parts of the country, and his every action was immediately reported, yet the King saw no occasion to call him to account. If any person represented to the King any irregularity or misconduct on the part of the Khwaja, he considered the man had been instructed by 'Alí Khesháwand; who at last, seeing his endeavours useless, abandoned the pursuit, but only waited for a suitable opportunity. At last the star of the Khwaja's fortune began to decline, and the country under his rule fell into disorder. He appointed unjust governors in the provinces, who exercised tyranny over the subjects, so that a large portion of the country became desolate. In Khurásán and the bordering countries, more especially, such a dreadful famine prevailed, that it ís recorded in history, and an account of it is given in many historical works. In short, the government assessment upon the lands was not at all realised, and the majority of the people emigrated from the country. Khwaja Abú-1 'Abbás' only resource on seeing these circumstances, was to throw himself upon the King's mercy, and solicit remission. Reports were sent to his Majesty from all quarters, and the Khwaja being greatly troubled and alarmed, sent in his resignation of the office of Wazír. The Sultán said he should suffer no punishment or injury if he paid into the treasury all the money which he had realized from the country, and which had been entered in his own accounts. On doing this he should be acquitted. The office of Díwán was, however, conferred on Khwaja Abú-1 Hakk Muhammad, son of Husain of Balkh. In this matter Shamsu-1 1 [See Hammer, History of the Assassins; D'Herbelot, Malek-schah; Vuller's Gesh. der Seldschuken, 102, 160; Defrémery, Histoire des Seldjoukides.] |