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Town. Printed under the direction of Benjamin P. Mighill, Town
A committee of the town.

Clerk, and George B. Blodgette, A.M.
(Rowley, Mass. 1894. Pp. xv, 255.)

We have received the following communication from Mr. Horace V. Winchell, late Assistant State Geologist of Minnesota :

"In the second number of the AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW, on page 237, the statement is made by Mr. H. C. Campbell, with reference to Radisson and Groseilliers, that they were the first white men to reach Lake Superior.'

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"In view of the fact that Jean Nicollet is known to have visited the rapids of Sault Ste. Marie, and to have spent some time resting in camp at that point in 1634, several years prior to the excursion of Radisson and Groseilliers, it seems as though it would be more accurate and less likely to convey an erroneous impression, to say that Radisson and Groseilliers were the first white men to visit and explore Lake Superior; but that the lake was first reached by Jean Nicollet.

"It may be urged that Sault Ste. Marie is not Lake Superior, and that it is on St. Mary's River, some distance from Lake Superior. But the fact is, the rapids called the 'Sault' are immediately at the foot of Whitefish Bay, the eastern extremity of Lake Superior. The rapids are not long, and from their head the broad open lake can be seen. It is altogether likely, in fact it must of necessity be, that there was a portage trail which connected the canoe landings both above and below the rapids on both sides of the river. This trail would not have been more than a mile in length, and was undoubtedly used constantly by the Indians living there, as well as by those who were passing by.

"Now when it is considered that Nicollet was an indefatigable explorer, that he was on an exploring expedition at this time, and that he remained several weeks at Sault Ste. Marie, it would seem to be next to impossible that he should not have walked up the portage trail, that he did not once see the great lake which his Indian companions must have told him furnished the water for that mighty torrent, nor launch his canoe on the bosom of that newly discovered inland sea."

To this Mr. Campbell replies in substance, in a letter received too late to be inserted entire, that the assertion that Jean Nicollet visited Lake Superior in 1634 rests solely upon conjecture; that none of the primary authorities, such as the Jesuit Relations, contain any evidence to support it; and that all the most important secondary authorities agree in disbelieving it.

NOTES AND NEWS

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The death of Heinrich Gotthard von Treitschke removes the last (with the exception of Mommsen) of that group of great German historians who, fifteen or twenty years ago, made Berlin the capital of the historical world. Though Treitschke was very far from exemplifying that pure objectivity of treatment which the greatest members of the group inculcated, and will therefore never be placed upon the same level with the chief masters of history, his talent and power were such as to win him extraordinary influence and repute. Treitschke was born at Dresden on September 15, 1834, and died on April 28, 1896. After obtaining the doctorate at Leipzig in 1858, he taught political economy for some time in the academy of rural economy at Lutzschena. In 1863 he was called to a professorship at Freiburg-im-Breisgau, which, however, he characteristically abandoned in 1866, when Baden sided with Austria against Prussia. Filled with zeal for German unity, he went to Berlin, and became editor of the Preussische Jahrbücher. After some years' service at Heidelberg, 1867-1874, he, in the latter year, obtained the chair at Berlin which he has since held, and from which, as a teacher of modern German history imbued with Prussian sentiments, he exerted so great an influence upon young Germany. In spite of deafness and imperfect articulation, he was one of the most successful lecturers in the university. He had many of the best gifts of the orator, as was evinced not only before academic audiences, but in the Reichstag, of which he was a member from 1871 to 1888, at first as a National Liberal and later as a Conservative. But his gifts of research and presentation were at the service of vehement, though honest and manly, prejudices, and his teaching bred chauvinism as well as patriotism and the love of national unity. The same qualities marked and marred his books. The chief of them, his Deutsche Geschichte im neunzehnten Jahrhundert, of which five volumes have been published, 1879-1890, though brilliant and instructive in a high degree, cannot be read with equanimity by any one not German, can hardly be so read by any one not Prussian. Treitschke's minor writings include a collection of essays, Historische und Politische Aufsätze, of which, beginning with 1870, several editions have been published; Der Socialismus und seine Gönner, 1875; and Zehn Jahre Deutscher Kämpfe, published in the same year.

Professor Dr. Friedrich Heinrich Geffcken, who died at Munich on the first of May, was born in Hamburg in 1830. From 1854 to 1869 he was in the diplomatic service of the Hanse Towns; from 1872 to 1882, pro

fessor of public law at Strassburg. He was more prominently connected with the study of political science and international law than with that of history, but published in the latter field one highly important work, Staat und Kirche in ihrem Verhältniss geschichtlich entwickelt, Berlin, 1875, which has been translated into English ; and minor works on the coup d'état of 1851 and on the Crimean War. In September, 1888, he caused the publication in the Deutsche Rundschau of extracts from the diary of the Emperor Frederick in 1870-1871, for which he was imprisoned upon an accusation for high treason, but finally acquitted.

Victor Krause, of Berlin, who had been especially devoted to the Carolingian period, and edited a portion of the capitularies for the Monumenta Germaniæ Historica, died at Falkenstein, on March 9, aged thirty.

Dr. William H. Palmer, of Richmond, Va., an admirable antiquarian, who edited the earlier portion of the Calendar of Virginia State Papers, died on March 3, aged seventy-five.

Under the title, Alte und neue Richtungen in der Geschichtswissenschaft (Berlin, R. Gaertner, pp. 79), Professor Karl Lamprecht publishes two suggestive essays: I. "Ueber geschichtliche Auffassung und geschichtliche Methode"; II. "Ranke's Ideenlehre und die Jungrankianer."

The Revue Internationale des Archives, des Bibliothèques et des Musées, I. 4 (Archives, No. 2), contains an article upon Sybel as an archivist, an account of the Spanish archives, by Señor Rafael Altamira, and briefer articles upon the new examining board for the Prussian archives, on the proposed organization of the Italian archives, on those of Rumania, and on the new regulations in those of the Austrian ministry of the interior, and at the Vatican.

Dr. Max Heimbucher has published in the Wissenschaftliche Handbibliothek the first volume of an extensive treatise on Die Orden und Kongregationen der katholischen Kirche (Paderborn, Schöningh, 583 pp.).

ANCIENT HISTORY.

Messrs. Williams and Norgate publish the second volume of Kittel's History of the Hebrews, translated by the Rev. H. W. Hogg and the Rev. E. B. Speirs, under the immediate supervision of Professor Cheyne of Oxford.

A student's History of Rome has been published by Messrs. Longmans, Green and Co. The authors are Walter W. How, M.A., Fellow and Lecturer of Merton College, Oxford, and Henry D. Leigh, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

A full and official account of the discoveries in the lake of Nemi may now be read in Notizie degli Scavi for October, 1895 (by F. Barnabei). See, also, G. Tommassetti, Le Scoperti nel Lago di Nemi (Nuova Antologia, December 1).

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: W. M. Flinders Petrie, Egypt and Israel (Contemporary Review, May); J. Gennadius, Modern Archæology: Recent Excavations in Greece (Forum, May); F. Moreau, Les Finances de la Royauté Homérique (Revue des Études Grecques, XXXI.); J. B. Bury, The History of the Names Hellas, Hellenes (Journal of Hellenic Studies, XV. 2); J. B. Jevons, Work and Wages in Athens (Journal of Hellenic Studies, XV. 2); Tomaschek, Die alten Thraken (Sitzungsberichte der phil.-hist. Classe der k. Akad. der Wissenschaften in Wien, cxxx, cxxxi); J. Kromayer, Kleine Forschungen zur Geschichte des zweiten Triumvirats (Hermes, - XXXI. 1); H. F. Pelham, The Emperor Claudius and the Chiefs of the Edui (Classical Review, IX. 9); M. A. Roger, Chronologie du Règne de Postumus (Revue Historique, May).

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MEDIEVAL HISTORY.

The fifth volume of the English translation of Hefele's History of the Councils of the Church covers the period from 626 to the close of the Second Council of Nicæa in 787. It is understood that this is the final volume of the English translation.

It is understood that M. A. Giry intends to publish an extensive collection of the charters and documents of the Carolingian period.

In the series of Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History, published by the historical department of the University of Pennsylvania, Vol. III., No. 2 consists of Statistical Documents of the Middle Ages, edited by Professor Roland P. Falkner. The documents translated include certain articles from the capitulary De Villis of Charlemagne, and an inventory of one of his estates; the instructions for the collection of the returns embraced in Domesday, and an extract from the survey itself; statistics of military forces in Germany in 1422; and accounts of the resources of Venice and other powers at about the same date.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: J. G. C. Anderson, The Campaign of Basil I. against the Paulicians (Classical Review, April); Ellen M. Clerke, Wanderings of Early Irish Saints on the Continent (Dublin Review, April).

MODERN EUROPEAN HISTORY.

Dr. Richard Ehrenberg has published the first volume of a work called Das Zeitalter der Fugger. The first volume is entitled Die Geldmächte des 16. Jahrhunderts (Jena, G. Fischer, 420 pp.).

The late Mr. C. A. Fyffe's History of Modern Europe (1792–1878), originally published in three volumes, has now been issued by Messrs. Henry Holt and Co., in a single volume (pp. xxiv, 1088), with such slight revisions, at the hands of Mrs. Fyffe, as she found to have been indicated by him as desirable.

Noteworthy articles in periodicals: Rev. T. B. Scannell, Alexander VI. (Dublin Review, April); J. Klaczko, Rome et la Renaissance: Le Jeu de ce Monde, 1509–1512 (Revue des Deux Mondes, April 1); W. J. Onahan, Scotland's Service to France (American Catholic Quarterly Review, April); Kienast, Friedrich II. und Ungarn (Mittheilungen des k. k. Kriegsarchivs, IX.); K. Adam, Kulturgeschichtliche Streifzüge durch das Jahr 1848–49, I. (Zeitschrift für Kulturgeschichte, III. 4, 5); P. de la Gorce, Napoléon III. et les Annexions Italiennes en 1859 et 1860 (Le Correspondant, March 10); M. G. Giacometti, La Question de l'Annexion de Nice en 1860 (Revue des Deux Mondes, March 1).

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

The recent historical publications of the English government include the first volume of the second series of the Index of Chancery Proceedings, extending from 1558 to 1579; the thirteenth volume (1622-1625) of the Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, edited by Professor David Masson; the second volume of "Border Papers," Calendar of Letters and Papers relating to the Affairs of the Borders of England and Scotland (1595-1603), edited by J. Bain; two volumes of the Calendar of the Patent Rolls (1334-1338 and 1377-1381); Vol. XI. (1578-1580) of the Acts of the Privy Council of England, edited by J. R. Dasent; Vol. XV. (1523-1529) of the Rotuli Scaccarii Regum Scotorum, edited by G. P. McNeill; and a volume (January 1598-March 1599) of the Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland.

In the forty-sixth volume of the Dictionary of National Biography, the articles of most importance and interest to historical students are those on Cardinal Reginald Pole by Mr. James Gairdner, on Pope by Mr. Leslie Stephen, on Priestley by Alexander Gordon and P. J. Hartog, and on Prynne by Mr. C. H. Firth. American readers will also feel a special interest in Mr. W. P. Courtney's article on Governor Thomas Pownall, and in that of Mr. J. M. Rigg on Lord Camden. The volume extends from Pocock to Puckering.

The announcements of the Clarendon Press include Mr. C. Plummer's critical edition of Bede in two volumes, with introduction and notes; Bale's Index Britanniae Scriptorum, edited by Mr. R. L. Poole; the seventh and eighth volumes of the late Professor Thorold Rogers' History of Agriculture and Prices; and the first two volumes of a new edition of Bishop Burnet's History of My Own Time, edited by Mr. Osmund Airy.

A new and enlarged edition of Mr. Walter Rye's Records and Record Searching is announced by George Allen of London.

The trustees of the British Museum have begun the publication of a folio series of fac-similes of autographs in their possession, royal, historical, literary, and other.

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