PREPARED AT THE REQUEST OF HENRY M. JACKSON, Chairman COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND UNITED STATES SENATE PURSUANT TO S. Res. 45 A NATIONAL FUELS AND ENERGY POLICY STUDY Serial No. 92-4 REFERENCE Printed for the use of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs 67-225 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1971 PURCHASED THROUGH Ex Officio Members Pursuant to Section 3 of Senate Resolution 45 HARRY PERRY, Senior Specialist, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress CONTENTS Page I. National Goals and Priorities. A. What national goals and priorities should be examined in the formulation of national energy policy? _ B. How do national goals and priorities affect the formulation of II. Economic and Social Considerations_ A. Why is energy particularly significant in the U.S. economy?-- B. What is the relationship between national energy policy and C. What impact does energy have on economic development? - D. How can national energy policy reflect national and regional economic development objectives? What regional considerations should be examined in the formulation of national energy policy?_ E. What is the magnitude of employment in energy industries? What employment considerations should be addressed in the formulation of national energy policy? _. III. Environmental Considerations.. A. What impact does the emergence of environmental quality as an issue of national concern have on the formulation of national B. Can a national energy policy be formulated which would sus- A. What are the current trends in energy demand?_ B. At what rate can the demand for energy be expected to increase? What is the validity of demand projections which have been made to date? Do they provide sufficient information upon which national energy policy can be formulated?_ C. To what extent should a national energy policy provide for supplying all future energy demand regardless of the amount? -- A. What are the current trends in energy supply?. B. Are sufficient supplies of energy available to meet future C. What geographical sources and energy forms should be used C. What incentives are presently employed by the Federal Govern- ment to assist energy industries? Will these measures be con- 51 VIII. Regulatory Considerations_ A. What is the present distribution of authority among Federal, State and local governments in the regulation of energy production and distribution? _. B. Do existing regulatory mechanisms promote efficient cooperation and coordination between different levels of government? Can sound national energy policy objectives be achieved under the present system of energy regulation?. IX. Pricing Considerations.... A. What effects do prices have on production and consumption of energy? B. What measures of public policy have an impact on energy prices?__ C. What is the present governmental involvement in energy pricing?_ D. What should be the objectives of future Federal energy pricing policies?__ X. Investment Considerations.. A. What is the present magnitude of investment in energy production and distribution? _ B. Will sufficient investment capital be available to meet future energy demands? . XI. Foreign Trade Considerations _ _ A. What is the nature and extent of U.S. foreign trade in energy goods? B. Do present trade patterns reflect an unnecessary reliance on foreign sources? _ C. What constraints should balance-of-payments considerations play in the attainment of national energy policy objectives? __ XII. Other Foreign Policy Considerations.__ A. Are there foreign policy considerations, other than trade, that should be examined in the formulation of national energy policy? B. What contingency should national energy policy make for international cooperation in energy-related activities?. XIII. Transportation Considerations__ A. What is the impact of transportation on energy consumption and production? B. What impact might recent technological developments in transportation have on energy consumption and production?. C. Are existing mechanisms adequate to insure the effective transmission and distribution of energy resources to meet future demand?_ XIV. Research and Development Considerations.. A. What is the structure and magnitude of energy research and development? B. What areas of energy research and development should be examined in the formulation of national energy policy?. XV. National Security Considerations... A. What basic national security guestions must be examined in the development of national energy policy? . LIST OF ILLUSTRATION TABLES 1. Total horsepower of all prime movers: 1940-68. 2. Consumption of energy resources, by major consumer group: 1963, 1965, and 1967__ 3. Some dimensions of the energy industries, 1947, 1955, 1965. 4. World energy consumption, by fuel and continental area 5. Energy consumption, gross national product, and the energy/GNP ratio, 1947-70__ 6. Percent increase in GNP in common market countries, 1950-75.. 7. Percent increase in industrial production in the common market countries, 1950-75.... 8. Percent increase in energy consumption in the common market countries, 1950-75 9. Employment in energy-related industries, 1960 and 1969. |