Studies in Sacred Theology, Tema 841944 |
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Términos y frases comunes
according Alphonsus amount answer argument authors benefit bind bound called certainly citizens claim common commutative justice concerning considered contains contract custom debt definition demand determined direct distinction edition evident example exist fact given gives Gury Hence hold immediate imposed indirect taxes individual intended laws oblige least legal justice legislator Lugo maintains matter means mentioned merely penal moral namely nature necessary noted obedience object obligation imposed obligation of paying oblige in conscience opinion paid particular paying taxes payment penal law theory penalty person possibility prescribed present prince principle probable proof proposition prove purely penal law question reason receive reference regarding relation restitution says seems sense statement strict Suarez supra tax laws taxation taxes are due teaching Theol theologians things Thomas tion unless virtue
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Página 40 - Law is a rule and measure of acts, whereby man is induced to act or is restrained from acting; for lex [law] is derived from ligare [to bind], because it binds one to act. Now the rule and measure of human acts is the reason, which is the first principle of human acts, as is evident from what has been stated above.
Página 39 - Isidore says (Etym. v. 21) that laws are enacted for no private profit, but for the common benefit of the citizens. I answer that, As stated above (A. 1), the law belongs to that which is a principle of human acts, because it is their rule and measure. Now as reason is a principle of human acts, so in reason itself there is something which is the principle in respect of all the rest: wherefore to this principle chiefly and mainly law must needs be referred. — Now the first principle in practical...
Página 77 - Let everyone be subject to the higher authorities, for there exists no authority except from God, and those who exist have been appointed by God.
Página 77 - Wherefore you must needs be subject not only because of the wrath, but also for conscience' sake. For this is also why you pay tribute, for they are the ministers of God, serving unto this very end. Render to all men whatever is their due; tribute to whom tribute is due; taxes to whom taxes are due; fear to whom fear is due ; honor to whom honor is due.133 5.
Página 54 - Now a twofold order may be considered in relation to a part. In the first place there is the order of one part to another, to which corresponds the order of one private individual to another. This order is directed by commutative justice, which is concerned about the mutual dealings between two persons. In the second place there is the order of the whole towards the parts, to which corresponds the order of that which belongs to the community in relation to each single person. This order is directed...
Página 77 - Wherefore ye must needs be in subjection, not only because of the wrath, but also for conscience sake. For for this cause ye pay tribute also; for they are ministers of God's service, attending continually upon this very thing. Render to all their dues: tribute to whom tribute is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honour to whom honour.
Página 39 - Consequently, since the law is chiefly ordained to the common good, any other precept in regard to some individual work, must needs be devoid of the nature of a law, save in so far as it regards the common good. Therefore every law is ordained to the common good.
Página 72 - Scienti bonum et non facienti, peccatum est illi. RESPONDEO dicendum quod omissio importai praetermissionem boni, non autem cuiuscumque, sed boni debiti. Bonum autem sub ratione debiti pertinet proprie ad iustitiam: ad legalem quidem, si debitum accipiatur in ordine ad legem divinam vel humanam; ad specialem autem iustitiam, secundum quod debitum consideratur in ordine ad proximum.