SUMMARY OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

DEATH OF THE BISHOP OF DURHAM.

The Bishop of Durham died Aug. 9th.-The Honorable and Right Reverend Henry Montague Villiers, D. D., Lord Bishop of Durham, &c., &c., was born in London, on the 4th of January, 1813. His father, the Hon. George Villiers, was the third son of the First Earl of Clarendon in the line of Villiers. After passing through a private school, he was nominated a student of Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1834, took an ordinary degree at the University, graduating M. A., in 1837. He was ordained deacon in 1836, by Dr. Sumner, the present Archbishop of Canterbury, then Bishop of Chester, and priest in 1837, by Bishop Carr, of Worcester, having in the latter year received from the Lord Chancellor the Vicarage of Kenilworth, (value 2801., population 2532,) previous to which he had been Curate of Deane, Lancashire. In 1841 he was appointed Rector of St. George's, Bloomsbury by the Lord Chancellor Cottenham, on the promotion of Dr. Short, now Bishop of St. Asaph, to the See of Sodor and Man. In 1847 he received from Lord John Russell, a Canonry in St. Paul's Cathedral. Lord Palmerston, in 1856, on the death of Bishop Percy, nominated Mr. Villiers to the Bishopric of Carlisle, (of which he was the fifty-sixth occupant.) In 1860, on the elevation of Bishop Longley to the Primacy of England, as Archbishop of York, Bishop Villiers was promoted to be the eightieth Bishop of Durham. He had married, the 31st of January, 1837, Amelia Maria, eldest daughter of Wm. Hulton, Esq., of Hulton Park, Lancashire, by whom he has issue two sons and four daughters. His Lordship's eldest son, the Rev. Henry Montague Villiers, is curate of Bishop Wearmouth, and married last April, Victoria, the second daughter of Lord John Russell, now, in consequence of his Lordship's elevation to the Earldom of Russell, Lady Victoria Villiers.

THE RT. REV. CHARLES BARING, D. D., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, has been translated to the See of Durham.

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NEW BISHOP OF GLOUCESTER AND BRISTOL.

The Rev. William Thomson, D. D., Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen, and Preacher of Lincoln's Inn, appointed to the Bishopric of Gloucester and Bristol, entered Queen's College, Oxford, as a foundation scholar, and in Easter Term, 1840, obtained a third class in literis humanioribus. Mr. Thomson became fellow, tutor, dean, and bursar of Queen's. In 1853 he was appointed Bampton Lecturer. The course was published in 1854, under the title of The Atoning Work of Christ.' He was select preacher in Michaelmas Term, 1856. On the resignation of Dr. Baring, now Bishop of Durham, he was appointed Rector of All-Souls, Langham Place, by the Crown, but had not long held this office before he was elected Provost of Queen's, and proceeded B. D. and D. D. in 1856. In 1858 he was elected preacher to the Hon. Society of Lincoln's Inn. He has also been for three years one of the chaplains in ordinary to the Queen. In his political views, the doctor is a moderate Liberal. He is a decided opponent of the Essays and Reviews,' and of Mr. Maurice's vagaries.

A NEW COLONIAL DIOCESE.

The Archdeaconry of Bahamas is to be formed into a Diocese, and Archdeacon Caulfield is nominated the first Bishop. This appointment will give great satisfaction. Mr. Caulfield has been known for many years as a sound and zealous clergyHe was Rector of Skibbereen, in Ireland, during the period of the fearful famine; and has been Archdeacon of Bahamas since 1857, when he exchanged with the devoted Archdeacon Trew, now Rector of Skibbereen.

man.

JOINT MISSION TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.

The English Church Missionary Committee, of which the Bishop of Oxford is Chairman, have lately issued a Circular from which we take the following.

"The King and his brother, who have visited Europe, are strongly attached to the Church of England; and the King has himself written to Her Majesty, our Queen, and by his Minister, to the Primate and the Foreign Secretary of State, very earnestly asking sympathy and aid in establishing a Church at Honolulu, the capi

tal of the Islands, in communion with that of Great Britain and America. On behalf of himself, and many of the chiefs, and native population, as well as of about three hundred residents from England, the United States, etc., the King offers such an income as the limited means of the Islands can afford; he also gives a piece of land for the erection of a church, schools, and clergy-house; and will probably appropriate a larger portion of land towards the future support of the Mission."

"The Committee formed to promote this object and co-operate with the King and Queen in their pious design, contemplate sending forth a Missionary Bishop and two clergymen, who will be joined by two or three Episcopal clergymen of the American Church, from which Church the undertaking has met the warmest approval and support. Thus for the first time will these two Churches find an object to advance, in which they can go hand in hand. It will be an additional point of interest in this country to know that the present invitation to our Church is the first ever extended to it by an independent Sovereign to plant itself in his dominions. The Sandwich Islands, though small in themselves, are the resting place of the commerce now finding a path across the ocean between the Old and New Worlds. Their independence is guaranteed by England and France, and the United States; and they form a key to those many and larger groups in the Northern Pacific, on which, it is hoped, the light will be shed which is now about to be carried forth.” The Rev. T. N. STALEY is designated as the New Missionary Bishop. His diocese will include eight islands, with a population of 80,000 natives and 4,000 Europeans. There is a weekly steam-packet service which carries the mail between the islands, thus making it unnecessary for him to have a yacht for his Visitations. NOTE.-A large amount of Foreign Intelligence is crowded out.

EDITOR'S AND PROPRIETOR'S NOTICE.

On the 1st of October, and in explanation of the non-appearance of the Review at that date, a Card was issued stating, that until the War is closed, or at least for the present, the Review will be published on every other quarter. The large number of our Subscribers both in the Southern and Border States, who commenced with us on the present Volume, but whom by the interruption of the Mails we cannot now reach; the ruinous rates of exchange with the West, ranging at one time from 25 to 70 per cent. discount on New York; and the great difficulty of making collections every where, seemed to render this temporary change in the issue of the Review advisable. We shall return to our former dates of publication at an early day. We shall do so at once, as soon as it is certain that the War is to be of long continuance.

To those of our subscribers, whose prompt payments enable us thus to continue the work under present difficulties, we tender our grateful acknowledgements. And we most earnestly request such as are still in arrears, to send us their remittances at the earliest moment practicable. These sums are small in themselves, they can certainly be raised without much inconvenience, and in the aggregate are to us a matter of great importance, and just now of pressing necessity.

The removal of the Review to New York, though apparently at a most inopportune period, promises in the end all that, and more, than we ventured to anticipate; and when the proper time shall come, and the excitement which now engrosses the public mind, and the commercial prostration which cripples or crushes almost every similar interest, shall be over, the Review will be ready to enter upon an enlarged field of usefulness and power. Meanwhile, although some of our proposed plans of improvement are held in reserve, we trust the Review will be found to lose nothing in ability and interest. N. S. RICHARDSON, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR

New York, 37 Bible House, Astor Place, Jan. 1st, 1862.

The History of Christianity from the Birth of Christ to the Abolition of Paganism in the Roman Empire. By the Rev. H. H. MILMAN, &c.

History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes, to the Pontificate of Nicolas V. By HENRY HART MILMAN, D.D., DEAN OF ST. PAUL'S. In eight Volumes. New York: Sheldon & Company. Boston: Gould & Lincoln. MDCCCLX.

IF History is but "philosophy teaching by example," which is now (we believe) its most fashionable definition, it were much to be desired, that some one should inform us what Philosophy is for this teaching by example is an office of great responsibility, and the personage who holds it-metaphorically or otherwise ought to be something more than a mere abstraction, or graceful figure of speech.

What then is Philosophy? The Sage of Athens used to speak of it as a mere philo-sophia: a wooing of a coy creature, that no one had ever succeeded in winning. It was not a fruition, but a longing; not a discovery, but a quest; not a teaching, but a learning. The fond lover of Wisdom might hope

to win a smile from his fair mistress; he might even attain a glimpse of her ineffable loveliness: but more than this he was not privileged to enjoy; the hunger of his soul must content itself with the light food of manna-that is to say, what is it?-and if he could not thrive on that, nothing remained for him but to go back to the flesh-pots and brick-making of common-place humanity.

And is Philosophy now-a-days in a more definite position? Has she an entity more substantial, a habitation better fixed, a name more intelligible? or is she still, what the old ironist used to find her, an oracular yea-and-nay, a wistful note of interrogation, a bird peeping out of a dark nest for a day-break that never dawns ?

If we question the philosophers, who doubtless ought to know, we get (it must be confessed) but slender satisfaction. "Philosophy," one tells us, "is the science of first principles." But what are 'first principles,' and what is 'science?' The answers are as various as the oracles we consult, and when we have gotten them, they all amount to little more than a note of interrogation.

Yet let us not be misunderstood: we are not going to pick a quarrel with "philosophy," or with those who advocate it as the life and soul of "history." The definition is doubtless good, in some sense or other. We only wish to know, in what sense it is good? Is History a particular philosophy—a theory-teaching by example? Or would it be nearer the mark to say, it is a spirit of inquiry-a sort of animated queryteaching by example ?

This latter view has the sanction of a venerable authority. For when "the father of history" had finished his great work, and wished to name his offspring before sending it into the world, he modestly entitled it, "Historias apodexis-the fruit of the Investigation of Herodotus of Halicarnassus." That, he opined to be a sufficient description of it. Freely interpreted, it means, that a certain lively Greek, having uncommon good eyes, with ears which (like a whale's maw) contained a sort of internal sieve, went about among Greeks and Barbarians, inquiring what men had done; he saw many lands and

many ways, and, like the Homeric hero, was up to many devices; many questions he asked also, and, when he got an answer in one place, he incontinently went off, and (sly fox as he was) asked the same in some other quarter: thus he picked up stores of facts, well sifted and digested; and when he had gotten them into right shape, he strung them in amber beads of softly flowing Ionic, and (being a poet in his heart) dedicated them to the Nine Muses, and sang them to All-Greece: for which pains he received a chaplet of leaves then, and a freeticket of immortality for all times thereafter. Such is the history of the 'Historia' of Herodotus of Halicarnassus. It exhibits much philosophy in the way of wisdom-seeking it exhibits less, yet still a little, in the sense of theorizing. For the clear-eyed Greek had, doubtless, a theory of his own, which determined the drift of his inquiries, and served at least as a string to hang his amber beads on. He believed that bad men have a bad time of it in this world, and perhaps a worse time in the next; that even good men, if they prosper, had better not boast about it, but keep quiet and wait to see what the end of it shall be; that life is much of a mystery, and something of a muddle, many powers inscrutable working behind the scenes; that, in short, with a general tendency in things to come out right in the end-so that Greeks, for example, are pretty sure, in the long run, to get the better of Barbarians-yet it is well, under all circumstances, to be on the look-out for reverses that the world is a stormy sea, and great States are but little barks on the bosom of that sea, which, when they ride highest on the foaming crest of prosperity, have most need to remember, that to every rise there is a fall, to every height there is a depth, so that a seeming exaltation may be in reality not an increase of glory, but a mere ground-swell to forewarn us that Nemesis is abroad.

Such, in a general way, was the philosophy of the father of history. Had his sons been equally sober in their pretensions, the phrase, "philosophy teaching by example," would have had a quite intelligible and unobjectionable sense: it would have meant, in fact, reverence teaching by example-modesty teaching by example—a genial, inquiring spirit, swift to hear,