distinct traces of his hand, not only in Joshua, but in each of the First Four Books of the Pentateuch, and, in particular, in Genesis, to which we confine attention in this volume.

64. In short, we are strongly confirmed in the conviction, already intimated in (III.566), that the Deuteronomist, living in the early days of Josiah was-not the Compiler, but-the Editor of the Pentateuch and Book of Joshua, which he interpolated throughout, and enlarged especially with the addition of the Book of Deuteronomy. BOEHMER also maintains, as the result of his own recent and most laborious researches, that the Editor of the Pentateuch-whom however he regards as having compiled that work from three original independent documents -lived in the age of Josiah, and he adds, 'no traces of a later age can be detected.' But he does not identify his Compiler with the writer of Deuteronomy, whom he assigns to a somewhat earlier date, the time of Manasseh; and he says, p.123-

The Deuteronomist himself cannot have been the Compiler: for the character of Deuteronomy, which has not without reason been styled as in a certain sense evangelical, is quite distinct from the spirit of the Compiler, which (as we shall see) is on the whole altogether dry and unrefreshing.

65. But this last remark of BOEHMER is only applicable to some of the passages, which he himself assigns to the Later Compiler or Editor, but which we certainly do not ascribe to him. On the contrary, those passages, in all the first four Books of the Pen*ateuch, which upon a careful examination of the style and context we feel compelled to assign to the Later Editor, are the most spirited and refreshing' passages in the whole narrative, and quite in the style of Deuteronomy itself. They are passages, in short, which for the most part seem to have been inserted for the very purpose of quickening the history with a deeper spiritual meaning, and stirring more effectually the reader's heart with words of religious life and earnestness. BOEHMER, however, has started with the fundamental error of ascribing G.iv to the Compiler; and that has (in our judgment) seriously misled him in some of his subsequent conclusions.

66. In the Analysis we have given fully the reasons, which have led us to assign the following sections to the Later Editor of Josiah's reign, and to identify him with the Deuteronomist― vi.4, 1.8–12, xv.1-21, xviii.18,19, xxii.14–18, xxiv.59,60, xxvi.4,5, XXXV.8. We thus ascribe 39 verses of Genesis to this writer, some of which HUPFELD also gives to his Compiler, viz.—

vi.4, 1.8-12, xv.13-16,—

while BOEHMER assigns to him—

vi.4, 1.8a, xv.12–17a, xxii.15–18, xxvi.4,5, xxxv.8,—

though he also gives to him many other passages in Genesis, without (as it seems to us) any sufficient reason for so doing.

We must refer to the Analysis for the grounds of our own judgment in opposition to the views of HUPFELD and BOEHMer. But the reader may be reminded that this difference of opinion affects only the minor question of the separation of the nonElohistic portions of Genesis into their component portions. Upon the main point, as to the passages which belong to the Elohist, and constitute the oldest parts of the narrative, the groundwork of all the rest, there is, as we have seen, substantial and very complete agreement, between our own view and those set forth by HUPFELD and BOEHMER.

67. We cannot here reproduce at full length the evidence of the Analysis, which leads us to ascribe to the Deuteronomist the above passages. But the following series of phenomena, selected from that evidence, will enable the reader to see at once that we have some ground at least for this conclusion.

(i) xv.2,8, ‘Adonai-Jehovah,' as in D.iii.24, ix.26,—nowhere else in the Pentateuch.

(ii) xv.3,4,4, vin', yarash, ‘inherit,' with accus. of person inherited, as in D.ii. 12, 21,22, ix.1, xi.23, xii.2,29,29, xviii.14, xix.1, xxxi.3, and N.xxi.32,-nowhere else in the Pentateuch.

(iii) xv.5, 'look now toward heaven and the stars, if thou art able to count them-so shall thy seed be ';

xxii. 17, 'I will surely multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven';
xxvi.4, ‘I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven';

comp. Jehovah hath multiplied you, and behold! ye are this day as the stars of heaven for multitude,' D.i.10;

'Jehovah hath placed thee as the stars of heaven for multitude,' D.x.22;

'Ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude,' D.xxviii.62.

N.B. J compares Israel with the dust of the earth,' xiii.16, xxviii.14, the sand of the sea,' xxxii.12, the 'fishes of the sea,' xlviii.16; but the comparison with the 'stars of heaven' occurs nowhere else in the Pentateuch, except in the above passages, and in E.xxxii.13, which may also belong to D.

(iv) xv.6, and He reckoned it to him as righteousness';

comp. ‘and it shall be to us as righteousness,' D.vi.25 ;

' and it shall be to thee as righteousness,' D.xxiv.13.

(v) xv.7, 'I am Jehovah, which brought thee out &c.,' as in D.i.27, iv.20,37, v.15, vi.12,21,23, vii.8,19, viii.14, ix.12,26,28,28,29, xiii.5,10, xvi.1, xxvi.8, xxix.25 -nowhere else in Genesis, from which fact we may infer that, though the phrase was evidently a favourite one with the Deuteronomist, it was not common with the Jehovist or any other of the principal writers of Genesis.

(vi) xv.7, 'give to thee the land to inherit it,' as in D.iii.18, v.31, xix.2, 14, xxi.1. N.B. Similar, but not identical, expressions occur only in G.xxviii. 4, L.xx.24, N.xxxiii.53.

(vii) xv.18, 'unto the great river, the river Euphrates,' as in D.i.7, Jo.i.4(D), comp. from the river, the river Euphrates,' D.xi.24.

(viii) xviii.18, he shall become a nation great and mighty';

comp. he became there a nation great, mighty, and numerous,' D.xxvi.5.

(ix) xviii.18, ‘a nation great and mighty,' as in D.iv.38,vii.1,ix.1,14,xi.23,xxvi.5, also N.xiv.12, Jo.xxiii.9(D)—nowhere else in the Bible.

(x) xviii.18, xxii. 18, xxvi.4, 'all nations of the earth,' as in D.xxviii. 1, Jer.xxvi.6, xxxiii.9, xliv.8, Zech.xii.3,-nowhere else in the Bible.

N.B. The Jehovistic phrase is all families of the ground,' xii.3, xxviii.14. (xi) xviii.19, ‘he shall command his children, and they shall observe to do &c.'; comp. 'ye shall command your children to observe to do, &c.,' D.xxxii.46. (xii) xviii.19, observe to do,' as in D.v.1,29, vi.3,25, vii.11, viii.1, xi.22,32, xii.1,32, xv.5, xvii.10,19, xix.9, xxiv.8, xxviii.1,15,58, xxxi.12, xxxii.46,—nowhere else in the Pentateuch;

comp. also 'observe' and 'do' in the same context, D.iv.6, vi.17 (see v.18), vii.12, xiii.18, xvi.12, xxiii.23, xxxi.8, xxvi.16, xxviii.13, xxix.9,-also L.xviii. 4,5,26,30, xix. 37, xx.8,22, xxii.31, xxv.18, xxvi.3,-but nowhere else in the Pentateuch.

N.B. There is evidently some close connection between L.xviii-xxvi and Deuteronomy, of which there are many other signs.

(xiii) xviii.19, 'righteousness and judgment,' a later prophetical formula, found in Jer.iv.2, ix.24, xxii.3,15, xxiii.5, xxxiii.15, comp. li.9, Ez.xviii.5,19,21,27, xxxiii. 14,19, xlv.9, 1K.x.9, 1Ch.xviii. 14, 2Ch.ix.8,—but nowhere else in the Bible; comp. however, D.xxxiii.21, 'he did the righteousness of Jehovah and His judgments with Israel.'

(xiv) xxii.16, saith Jehovah,' as in N.xiv.28, the only instances in the Pentateuch of the use of this later prophetical formula.

(xv) xxii.16, WN V, yahan ǎsher, 'because that,' as in D.i.36, Jo.xiv.14(D), -nowhere else in the Pentateuch.

(xvi) xxii.17, ‘I will surely multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven,' see (iii). (xvii) xxii.17, ‘as the sand which is on the lip of the sea,' as in Jo.xi.4(D). N.B. J says 'as the sand of the sea,' xxxii.12.

(xviii) xxii. 17,xxiv.60, 'thy seed shall inherit the gate of his enemies,'—nowhere else in the Bible.

(xix) xxii. 18, 'all nations of the earth,' see (x).

(xx) xxii. 18,xxvi.5,

py, hekev åsher, 'because that,'-nowhere else in the

Bible, except 2S.xii.6; but comp. py in D.vii.12, viii.20, N.xiv.24.

(xxi) xxiv.60, 'thy seed shall inherit the gate of his enemies,' see (xviii).

(xxii) xxvi.4,5, so entirely corresponds to xxii. 17,18, that, if one of these

passages is due to D, so also must be the other.

(xxiii) xxvi.4, 'as the stars of heaven,' see (iii).

(xxiv) xxvi.4, 'all nations of the earth,' see (x).

(xxvi) xxvi.5, 'he hearkened unto my voice and observed my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws';

comp. 'thou shalt hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe all

his commandments,' D.xiii.18;

'if thou hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe to do

all these commandments,' D.xv.5, xxviii.1;

'to observe His statutes and His commandments and His judgments,
and to hearken unto His voice,' D.xxvi. 17;

'if thou hearken not unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe
to do all His commandments and His statutes,' D.xxviii.15;
'because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to
observe His commandments and His statutes,' D.xxviii.45;

'if thou shalt hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe
His commandments and His statutes,' D.xxx.10.

(xxvii) xxvi.5, 'keep My charge and My commandments and My statutes and My laws';

comp. 'keep His charge and His statutes and His judgments and His commandments,' D.xi.1.

(xxviii) xxvi.5, 'charge, commandments, statutes, laws';

comp. the heaping together of four such expressions in D.xi.1, and of three in D.iv.45, v.31, vi.1,17,20, vii.11, viii11, xxvi.17, xxx.16,-also L.xxvi.15,46, but nowhere else in the Pentateuch.

68. We ascribe, then, to the Deuteronomistic Editor, as we have said, these 39 verses of Genesis, together with the explanatory notes in xiv.2,3,7,8,17, and similar insertions in xxiii.2,19,

xxxv.6,19, xxxvi.43, xlviii.7,-the older names having probably become somewhat obsolete in his later time, and seeming to need such explanations. Including the 24 verses of xiv, but not reckoning the above fragmentary notes, we shall thus have 63 verses to be separated from the non-Elohistic matter of Genesis for the Second Jehovist and Deuteronomist, leaving 1134 verses (22) which have still to be considered.

69. Here, however, we shall now come upon a question, on which, it must be confessed, our views differ materially from those of HUPFELD and BOEHMER. Yet again let the reader be reminded, this difference of opinion exists only about a question of secondary importance. Since we are substantially agreed as to the contents of the Elohistic document, it matters little comparatively whether we regard the Jehovist as an independent, or a supplementary, writer,-whether we assign to him more or less of these remaining 1134 verses,-whether we regard him as identical or not with the writer, whom we are now about to speak of as the Second Elohist.