He became so dangerous to good order as tionery; printing and blanks; mails and the leader of the turbulent spirits in files; special agents, and miscellaneous. New Orleans that Butler had him arrested See CABINET, PRESIDENT'S. and tried for treason. He was found guilty and executed the only man who, up to 1901, had been tried, found guilty, and suffered death for that crime since the foundation of the national government. In 1901, after the death of President McKinley by an assassin's bullet, there was a wide-spread opinion that Congress should pass an act making an attack on the person of the President of the United States, whether fatal or not, an act of treason. Treat, ROBERT, governor; born in England in 1622; came to America with Sir Richard Saltonstall, and was one of the first settlers of Wethersfield, Conn. He was chosen judge, then a magistrate (from 1661 to 1665), and major of the provincial troops in 1670. In King Philip's War he was active in the relief of menaced settlements in the Connecticut Valley, especially of Springfield and Hadley. He aided in the destruction of the Narraganset fort in December, 1676; the same year was lieutenant-governor; and was governor in 1686-1701. He died in Milford, Conn., July 12, 1710. PRINCIPAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH OTHER POWERS. Foreign Power and Object Algiers: Date. Where Algiers Sept. 5, 1795 July 6, 1815 66 Dec. 24, 1816 Treasury, DEPARTMENT OF THE, one of the executive departments of the United States government. The chief officer is officially known as the Secretary of the Treasury, and is charged by law with the Treaties. The following is a list of the management of the national finances. He principal treaties and conventions of the prepares plans for the improvement of United States with other powers, exthe revenue and for the support of the clusive of postal conventions. Treaties public credit; superintends the collection are indicated by T.; conventions by C.: of the revenue, and prescribes the forms of keeping and rendering public accounts and of making returns; grants warrants for all moneys drawn from the treasury in pursuance of appropriations made by law, and for the payment of moneys into the treasury, and annually submits to Congress estimates of the probable revenues and disbursements of the government. He also controls the construction of public buildings, the coinage and printing of money, the collection of statistics, T. the administration of the coast and geo- T. detic survey, life-saving, light-house, revAustria-Hungary: enue cutter, steamboat - inspection, and C. Rights of consuls. marine-hospital branches of the public C. Naturalization.. service, and furnishes generally such information as may be required by either branch of Congress on all matters pertaining to the foregoing. T. Peace and amity. T. T. Argentine Confederation: T. Free navigation of Para-San José.... July 10,1853 na and Uruguay. T. Friendship, commerce, Austria: Commerce, navigation.... Washington. Aug. 26, 1829 C. Extradition. May 8, 1848 July 3, 1856 T. Citizenship of emigrants.. Munich... T. Commerce and navigation. Brussels... The routine work of the Secretary's office is ansacted in the offices of the supervising architect, director of the mint, director of engraving and printing, supervising surgeon-general of the marine-hospital service, general superintendent of the life-saving service, supervising inspectorgeneral of steamboats, bureau of statis- C. Extradition.. T. Commerce and navigation. tics, light-house board, and in the follow-c. Consular rights. ing divisions: bookkeeping and warrants; C. Trade-marks. appointments; customs; public moneys; T. Peace, friendship, comloans and currency; revenue-cutter; sta- merce, navigation... C. Naturalization. Bolivia: 66 Nov. 10, 1845 Nov. 16, 1868 Washington. Mar. 19, 1874 PRINCIPAL TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES WITH OTHER POWERS-Concluded. Mar. 1, 1882 GENERAL CONVENTIONS. C. With Belgium, Brazil, Dominican Republic, ( Mohican C. C. Regarding depredation) of Murat.. Tunis..... Mar. 26, 1799 Oct. 14, 1832 Mar. 15, 1886 C. With Great Britain for an international commis- TREATIES, ANGLO-AMERICAN ment had passed a bill to enable the King to acknowledge the independence of the United States, and all obstacles in the way of negotiations were removed. Laurens joined the other American commissioners at Paris, and on Nov. 30, 1782, a preliminary treaty of peace was signed by the commissioners and Mr. Oswald, without the knowledge of the French government. This was a violation of the treaty of alliance. Treaties, ANGLO-AMERICAN. In the requisites in a treaty. In July, Parliaspring of 1782, Richard Oswald was sent by the British ministry to Paris, to confer with Dr. Franklin on the subject of peace. His mission was initiatory in character. In July following Oswald was vested with full power to negotiate a treaty of peace, and in September the United States appointed four commissioners, representing the various sections of the Union, for the same purpose. These were John Adams, of Massachusetts; John Jay, of New York; Dr. Franklin, of Pennsylvania; and Henry In April, 1783, the preliminary treaty Laurens, of South Carolina. These were of peace having been ratified by the United all in Europe at the time. Dr. Franklin States and Great Britain, the latter vested and Mr. Oswald had already prepared the David Hartley with full powers to negoway for harmonious negotiations. Frank- tiate a definitive treaty with the Amerilin had assured Oswald that independence, can commissioners. It was concluded and satisfactory boundaries, and a participa- signed at Paris, Sept. 3, 1783, by Hartley, tion in the fisheries would be indisputable on the part of Great Britain, and Dr. Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay, on United States of America, in order to the part of the United States. The terms carry into full effect the provisional artiwere similar to those of the preliminary cles above mentioned, according to the treaty. When he had signed it, Franklin tenor thereof, have constituted and apput on the clothes he had laid aside about pointed: that is to say, his Britannic ten years before, in accordance with a Majesty on his part, David Hartley, Esq., Vow. On the same day definitive treaties member of the Parliament of Great Britbetween Great Britain, France, and Spain ain; and the said United States on their were signed, and one between Great Brit- part, John Adams, Esq., late a commisain and Holland was signed the day sioner of the United States of America before. at the Court of Versailles, late delegate in Congress from the State of Massachusetts, and chief-justice of the said State, and minister plenipotentiary of the said United States to their high mightinesses the States-General of the United Netherlands; Benjamin Franklin, Esq., late dele The following is the text of the definitive treaty of peace and friendship between his Britannic Majesty, and the United States of America, signed at Paris, the 3d day of September, 1783: In the name of the most holy and un- gate in Congress from the State of Penndivided Trinity. ers, have agreed upon and confirmed the following articles: sylvania, president of the convention of It having pleased the Divine Providence the said State, and minister plenipotento dispose the hearts of the most serene tiary from the United States of America and most potent prince, George III., at the Court of Versailles; and John Jay, by the grace of God King of Great Brit- Esq., late president of Congress, and chiefain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the justice of the State of New York, and Faith, Duke of Brunswick and Lunen- minister plenipotentiary from the said burg, arch-treasurer and prince elector United States at the Court of Madrid; to of the Holy Roman Empire, etc., and of be the plenipotentiaries for the concludthe United States of America, to forget ing and signing the present definitive all past misunderstandings and differ- treaty, who, after having reciprocally ences that have unhappily interrupted communicated their respective full pow the good correspondence and friendship which they mutually wish to restore, and to establish such a beneficial and satisfactory intercourse between the two countries, upon the ground of reciprocal advantages and mutual convenience, as may promote and secure to both perpetual peace and harmony; and having for this desirable end already laid the foundation of peace and reconciliation, by the provisional articles signed at Paris, on the thirtieth day of November, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two by the commissioners empowered on each part; which articles were agreed to be inserted in, and to constitute the treaty of peace proposed to be concluded between the crown of Great Britain and the said United States, but which treaty was not to be concluded until terms of peace should be agreed upon between Great Britain and France, and his Britannic Majesty should be ready to conclude such treaty accordingly; and the treaty between Great Britain and France having since been concluded, his Britannic Majesty and the Article 1. His Britannic Majesty acknowledges the said United States-viz., New Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, to be free, sovereign, and independent States; that he treats with them as such, and for himself, his heirs, and successors, relinquishes all claim to the government, proprietary and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof. Art. 2. And that all disputes which might arise in future on the subject of the boundaries of the said United States may be prevented, it is hereby agreed and declared that the following are and shall be their boundaries-viz.: From the northwest angle of Nova Scotia-viz., that angle which is formed by a line drawn due north from the source of St. Croix River to the high lands, along the said high |