ure after the affair at Lexington, and several gentlemen formed the bold design of attempting their capture by surprise. With this view, about forty volunteers set out for Bennington to engage the cooperation of Ethan Allen, a native of Connecticut, and the leader of the GREEN MOUNTAIN BOYS (q. v.). He readily seconded their views. They had been joined

Niagara, and then hasten down Lake On- was talked of in the Connecticut legislattario and the St. Lawrence to Montreal. Amherst appeared before Ticonderoga (July 22, 1759) with about 11,000 men. The French commander had just heard, by Indian runners, of the arrival of Wolfe before Quebec (June 27), and immediately prepared to obey a summons to surrender. The garrison left their outer lines on the 23d and retired within the fort, and three days afterwards, without offer- at Pittsfield, Mass., by Colonels Easton ing any resistance, they abandoned that also, partially demolished it, and fled to Crown Point. That, too, they abandoned, and fled down the lake to the Isle aux Noix, in the Sorel. Amherst pursued them only to Crown Point.

and Brown, with about forty followers. Allen was chosen the leader after the whole party reached Castleton, at twilight, on May 7. Colonel Easton was chosen to be Allen's lieutenant, and Seth Warner, of the Green Mountain Boys, was When, in 1775, it became apparent that made third in command. At Castleton war was inevitable, the importance of the Colonel Arnold joined the party. He had strong fortresses of Ticonderoga and heard the project spoken of in Connecticut Crown Point, on Lake Champlain, and their just as he was about to start for Campossession, became subjects of earnest con- bridge. He proposed the enterprise to the sultation among patriots. The subject Massachusetts committee of safety, and

was commissioned a colonel by the Provincial Congress, and furnished with means and authority to raise not more than 400 men in western Massachusetts and lead them against the forts. On reaching Stockbridge, he was disappointed in learning that another expedition was on the way. He hastened to join it, and claimed the right to the chief command by virtue of his commission. It was emphatically refused. He acquiesced, but with a bad grace.

place), and beating the door with the handle of his sword, cried out with his loud voice, "I demand an instant surrender!" The captain rushed to the door, followed by his trembling wife. He knew Allen, and recognized him. "Your errand?" demanded the commander. Pointing to his men, Allen said, "I order you to surrender." "By what authority do you demand it?" inquired Delaplace. "By the authority of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress!" answered Allen, with emphasis, at the same time flourishing his broadsword over the head of the terrified commander. Delaplace surrendered the fort and its dependencies, and a large quantity of precisely such munitions of war as the colonists needed-120 iron cannon, fifty swivels, two mortars, a howitzer, a coehorn, a large quantity of ammunition and other stores, and a warehouse full of naval munitions, with forty-eight men, women, and children, who were sent to Hartford. Two days afterwards Col. Seth Warner made an easy conquest of Crown Point.

On the evening of the 9th they were on the shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Ticonderoga, and at dawn the next morning the officers and eighty men were on the beach a few rods from the fortress, sheltered by a bluff. A lad familiar with the fort was their guide. Following him, they ascended stealthily to the sally-port, where a sentinel snapped his musket and retreated into the fort, closely followed by the invaders, who quickly penetrated to the parade. With a tremendous shout the New-Englanders awakened the sleeping garrison, while Allen ascended the outer staircase of the barracks to the In June, 1777, with about 7,000 men, chamber of the commander (Captain Dela- Lieutenant - General Burgoyne left St.

lines, 200 bateaux, several gunboats, an armed sloop with 290 prisoners, besides releasing 100 American prisoners. He then proceeded to attempt the capture of Ticonderoga and Mount Independence opposite, but it was found impracticable, and abandoned the enterprise and rejoined Lincoln.

Tiebout, CORNELIUS, engraver; born in New York in 1777; was apprenticed to a silversmith; studied art in London in 1795-97; settled in Philadelphia, Pa., where he engraved portraits of Washington, Gen. Horatio Gates, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, and Bishop White. Later he removed to Kentucky, where he died in 1830.

Tiedeman,

CHRISTOPHER GUSTAVUS,

legal writer; born in Charleston, S. C., July 16, 1857; graduated at the College

Johns, on the Sorel, in vessels, and moved distant. He took possession of Mount up Lake Champlain. His army was com- Defiance and Mount Hope, the old French posed of British and German regulars, Canadians and Indians. The Gemans were led by Maj.-Gen. Baron de Riedesel, and Burgoyne's chief lieutenants were MajorGeneral Phillips and Brigadier General Fraser. The invading army (a part of it on land) reached Crown Point, June 26, and menaced Ticonderoga, where General St. Clair was in command. The garrison there, and at Mount Independence op posite, did not number in the aggregate more than 3,500 men, and not more than one in ten had a bayonet; while the invaders numbered between 8,000 and 9,000, including a reinforcement of Indians, Tories, and a splendid train of artillery. There were strong outposts around Ticonderoga, but St. Clair had not men enough to man them. On the 29th Burgoyne issued a grandiloquent proclamation to the people, and on July 1 moved of Charleston in 1876, and at the New against the fort. He secured important points near it, and finally planted a battery on a hill 700 feet above the fort, since known as Mount Defiance. The battery there made Ticonderoga absolutely untenable, and a council of war determined to evacuate it. On the evening of July 5, invalids, stores, and baggage were sent off in boats to Skenesboro (afterwards Tiffin, EDWARD, legislator; born in CarWhitehall); and at 2 A.M. on the 6th the lisle, England, June 19, 1766; emigrated troops left the fort silently, and withdrew to the United States and settled in to Mount Independence across a bridge Charlestown, Va., in 1784; studied medof boats. Thence they began a flight southwards through the forests of Vermont before daylight. The movement was discovered by the British by the light of a building set on fire on Mount Independence, and pursuit was immediately begun. The Americans lost at Ticonderoga a large amount of military stores and provisions, and nearly 200 pieces of artillery.

While Burgoyne was pressing down the valley of the upper Hudson towards Albany, General Lincoln, in command of troops eastward of that river, attempted to recover Ticonderoga and other posts in the rear of the invaders. On Sept. 13, 1777, he detailed Col. John Brown with 500 men for the purpose. Brown landed at the foot of Lake George, and by quick movements surprised all the posts between that point and Fort Ticonderoga, 4 miles

York Law School in 1879; was Professor of Law in the University of Missouri for ten years, and in the New York University for six years. He is the author of Limitations of Police Powers; Unwritten Constitution of the United States; Municipal Corporations; State and Federal Control of Persons and Property, etc.

icine; became a Methodist preacher; removed to Ohio in 1798; was first governor of the State in 1803-7; served an unexpired term in the United States Senate in 1807-9; was commissioner of the United States land office in 1812-15; and subsequently surveyor general of the Northwest Territory. The city of Tiffin, O., was named in his honor. He died in Chillicothe, O., Aug. 9, 1829.

Tilden, SAMUEL JONES, statesman; born in New Lebanon, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1814; entered Yale College, but his health failed, and he returned home. He finished his studies at the University of New York; studied law with Benjamin F. Butler, and entered upon its practice; became a journalist, and in 1844 established the Daily News in New York City. He soon returned to the bar and practised his profession with great success. In 1874 he