mously, declaring that in case reconciliation between North and South fails, North Carolina goes with the slave-States Feb. 4, 1861 Gov. John W. Ellis, in a telegram replying to the request for troops from the United States Secretary of War, says: "You can get no troops from North Carolina".. . April 15, 1861 Forts Caswell and Johnston seized by Confederates.... . April 16, 1861 United States branch mint at Charlotte seized by State..... . April 20, 1861 Arsenal at Fayetteville surrendered to the Confederates..... ..April 22, 1861 Blockade of ports of Virginia and North Carolina proclaimed....... April 27, 1861 State convention passes secession ordinance, revises State constitution, and ratifies the constitution of the Confederate States..... ...May 20, 1861 Battle of Hatteras Inlet, forts Hatteras and Clark taken by Federals under General Butler and Commodore Stringham Aug. 29, 1861 Fort Fisher bombarded by Admiral Porter, Dec. 24, and an attack by General Butler and Admiral Porter successfully repulsed........... .Dec. 25, 1864 Fort Fisher captured by Admiral Porter and General Terry..... ..Jan. 15, 1865 Federals under General Cox capture Fort Anderson..... Feb. 18, 1865 Wilmington captured by General Schofield...... . Feb. 22, 1865 Battles at Wise's Forks, March 8, at Fayetteville and at Kingston March 10, 1865 General Sherman occupies Fayetteville, March 12, and destroys the arsenal March 14, 1865 Union movement, soon after suppressed, begun by a convention in Hyde county, which declares independence of the State government, Oct. 12. A convention is called, which elects M. N. Taylor provisional governor, after declaring vacant all Sherman crosses the Cape Fear River, State offices.... ....Nov. 18, 1861 March 15; Federals under General SloJoint naval and military expedition cum defeat Confederates under Hardee in against North Carolina under Flag-officer the battle of Averasboro, March 16; SherL. M. Goldsborough and General Burnside man defeats Johnston at Bentonville, sails from Hampton Roads, January, March 19; the armies of Sherman, Terry, 1862; engages in the battle of Roanoke and Schofield join at Goldsboro, March Island, Feb. 8, and occupies Elizabeth City 23; Boone, N. C., is captured by StoneFeb. 11, 1862 man... . March 28, 1865 General Burnside defeats Confederate Stoneman defeats Confederates under General Branch, and occupies Newbern. Pemberton at Grant's Creek, and captures Federal loss, 100 killed, 500 wounded Salisbury.... . April 12, 1865 Raleigh occupied by General Sherman April 13, 1865 Sherman and Johnston meet at Durham station, April 17; they sign an agreement for peace, April 18; it is rejected at Washington, April 21; General Grant arrives at Raleigh.. .... April 24, 1865 March 14, 1862 Fort Macon surrenders to the Federals April 26, 1862 Edward Stanley, commissioned by President Lincoln temporary governor of that part of North Carolina still under Federal control, arrives at Newbern May 26, 1862 Battles at Kingston, Dec. 14, White Hall, Dec. 16, and Goldsboro..Dec. 17, 1862 The James City lands settled by negroes 1862 [After the war claimed by James A. Bryan, to whom they were awarded by the Gen. J. E. Johnston surrenders to Sherman; agreement signed at Bennett's house, near Durham station...... April 26, 1865 Maj.-Gen. J. M. Schofield, appointed to command the Department of North Carolina, makes his headquarters at Raleigh April, 1865 Maj.-Gen. Thomas H. Schofield in command of of North Carolina.. William W. Holden proclaimed pro- Acts of violence by secret organizations visional governor of the State by Presi- in Lenoir, Jones, Orange, and Chatham dent Johnson.. .. May 29, 1865 counties lead Governor Holden to issue Ruger succeeds a proclamation of admonition and warnthe Department ing............. .....Oct. 20, 1869 ....June, 1865 Owing to alleged outrages of the "KuConvention called by Provisional Gov- klux," Governor Holden proclaims Alernor Holden meets at Raleigh, Oct. 2, amance county in a state of insurrection, repeals the ordinance of secession, adopts March 7, 1870, and Caswell county, July an ordinance prohibiting slavery, Oct. 8, and sends militia into the disturbed 9, and adjourns.... Oct. 19, 1865 counties under Colonel Kirk..July, 1870 People ratify the repeal of the ordi- Colonel Kirk arrests persons implicated nance of secession by 20,506 to 2,002, and in deeds of violence; writs of habeas corthe ordinance prohibiting slavery by 19,- pus are issued by Chief-Justice Pearson, 039 to 3,039.... .Nov. 7, 1865 but Colonel Kirk refuses to produce four Governor Holden is relieved of his trust of his prisoners, July 16; during proby President Johnson, and Governor ceedings in the State and United States Worth assumes office......Dec. 23, 1865 courts Governor Holden orders Colonel Convention of colored delegates meets Kirk to obey the writs......Aug. 19, 1870 at Raleigh to promote the mental and political elevation of their race Oct. 1, 1866 Legislature passes an act "granting a general amnesty and pardon to all officers and soldiers of the State of North Carolina, or of the late Confederate States armies, or of the United States, for of fences committed against the criminal laws of North Carolina "..Dec. 22, 1866 Gen. D. E. Sickles assigned by the President to command the 2d Military Dis. trict, North and South Carolina, with headquarters at Columbia March 11, 1867 General Sickles removed, and Gen. Edward R. S. Canby appointed to the command.... .Aug. 26, 1867 Conservative mass-meeting at Raleigh define their aim "to ward off the dangers which threaten us from the success of the ultra-Republicans or Radical party in the State". .Sept. 27, 1867 Convention called under the reconstruction acts of Congress by General Canby assembles at Raleigh, Jan. 14; frames a constitution and adjourns, March 16. Constitution is ratified by a popular vote of 93,118 to 74,009.... Governor Holden impeached of malfeasance in office, Dec. 14, 1870; convicted and removed from office... March 22, 1871 Eight amendments to the constitution ratified by the people, one for biennial meetings of the legislature..Aug. 7, 1873 Act passed for amnesty and pardon to members of secret or other organizations known as Heroes of America, Loyal Union League, Red Strings, Constitutional Union Guards, Whitebrother, Invisible Empire, Ku-klux klan, North Carolina State troops, North Carolina militia, and Jayhawkers. ..1873 Chang and Eng, the Siamese twins, born at Bangesau, Siam, April 15, 1811, die at their home, near Mount Airy Jan. 17, 1874 Local option law passed.... ..1874 Gov. Tod R. Caldwell dies at Hillsboro, and is succeeded by Lieut.-Gov. Curtis H. Brogden.... .July 17, 1874 Shaw University at Raleigh chartered 1875 Act changing the day for State elections passed ...1875 Bureau of agriculture, immigration, and statistics established... .1875 . April, 1868 Constitutional convention meets at RaNorth Carolina readmitted into the leigh, Sept. 6; adjourns Oct. 12. ConUnion.... .June 25, 1868 stitution ratified at the State election by Fourteenth Amendment to the Consti- 122,912 to 108,829.... ....1875 tution of the United States rejected by Biddle University at Charlotte charterNorth Carolina, Dec. 4, 1866, is ratified ...1877 by legislature..... July 4, 1868 State industrial association organized the Fifteenth by colored people..... .1879 .March 5, 1869 Prohibition bill, passed to take effect Legislature ratifies Amendment.... ed.. Oct. 1, 1881, if ratified by people, is lost for girls at Greensboro; declaring the by 48,370 votes to 166,325...Aug. 1, 1881 birthday of Robert E. Lee (Jan. 19) a a normal Survey of State oyster-beds, covering legal holiday; establishing 1,307,000 acres, by Department of Agri- school for the colored race at Elizabeth culture aided by federal government. 1886 City; and incorporating a soldiers' home Convention representing nearly all for needy Confederate soldiers at Camp Session begins Southern States east of the Mississippi at Russell, near Raleigh. Hot Springs under the auspices of the Jan. 8 and closes.. Southern railroad and steamship companies, to promote immigration, resolve to establish Southern immigration association, headquarters in New York April 25, 1888 Annual meeting of the Inter-State Farmers' Association held at Raleigh Aug. 21, 1888 School law revised, requiring schoolbooks recommended by the State board of education, and giving funds hitherto white devoted to normal schools for teachers, for county teachers' institutes 1889 Confederate pension laws of 1885 amended, increasing the pension funds...... 1889 Negro exodus, fostered by emigration agents from Western States, depopulates North Carolina nearly 50,000....... 1889 Laws creating a railroad commission and regulating charges and management; locating a school for white deafand-dumb children at Morganton; establishing a normal and industrial school . March 9, 1891 Gov. Daniel G. Fowle dies suddenly of apoplexy at Raleigh, April 7, and Lieut. Gov. Thomas Holt is sworn in April 8, 1891 Attempted lynching at Jan. 4, 1893 ...1893 New State seal ordered... Oct. 14, 1899 NORTH DAKOTA a side-wheel steamboat built by the American Fur Company at Pittsburg, Pa., ascends the Missouri River as far as Fort Union, near the mouth of the Yellowstone.... North Dakota, a Northern frontier Maj. S. H. Long, on a United States State, formed by the division of Dakota government expedition, reaches Pembina, Territory into two States in 1889, is and, finding it to be within the United bounded on the north by the Canadian States, takes possession and raises the provinces of Assiniboia and Manitoba, stars and stripes..........Aug. 8, 1823 Yellowstone, east by Minnesota, south by South Dakota, and west by Montana. It is limited in lat. by 46° to 49° N., and in long. by 96° 30' to 104° 5' W. Area, 70,795 square miles, in thirty-nine counties. Population, 1890, 182,719; 1900, 319,146. Capital, Bismarck. French trader settles at Pembina.. 1780 United States government expedition under Lewis and Clarke ascend the Missouri River on their way to the Columbia River, 1804, and descend it on their return from the Pacific.. .1806 .1832 Steamboat Assiniboine, built by the American Fur Company, returning to St. Louis from the Yellowstone, is burned with her cargo of furs, at the mouth of the Heart River... ....1836 By the organization of Nebraska Territory, May 30, 1854, and the State of Scottish colony, planted under a grant Minnesota, May 11, 1858, the rest of the from the Hudson Bay Company, settles present Dakota is left without legal name at Pembina.... .1812 or existence... .May 11, 1858 Territory of Dakota, comprising the present States of North Dakota and South Dakota, organized by act of July 4, adopts a constitution, provides for a division of the territorial indebtedness and property, and locates the capital March 2, 1861 of North Dakota permanently at Bismarck July, 1889 .1862 Capital located at Yankton...... Sioux Indians make two unsuccessful assaults on Fort Abercrombie September, 1862 First ground in Dakota broken for the Northern Pacific Railroad at Grand Forks Jan. 2, 1872 Settlement begun at Bismarck....1872 Military reconnoitring expedition to the Black Hills under General Custer, accompanied by a scientific exploring party, leaves Fort Abraham Lincoln July 2, 1874 Constitution ratified by 27,441 to 8,107. The article prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors is adopted by 18,552 to 17,393, and the Republican State ticket elected Oct. 1, 1889 President Harrison proclaims North Dakota admitted...... .Nov. 2, 1889 First legislative session of the State meets at Bismarck... .Nov. 19, 1889 Agricultural college established at Fargo by act of legislature ... . 1890 State normal schools established at Valley City and Mayville..........1890 Senate bill to form Territory of Pembina from the northern part of Dakota is amended, changing the name to Huron, Acts requiring the United States flag to and passes the Senate Dec. 20, 1876. Re- be displayed throughout each day on all ferred in House to committee on Terri- public State institutions, and making tories.. ....Jan. 4, 1877 7 per cent. the legal rate of interest; Seat of government of Dakota Terri- legislature adjourns......March 18, 1890 tory removed to Bismarck... ....1883 Delegates from North Dakota at Fargo protest against the State constitution framed by a convention at Sioux Falls, Sept. 4, 1883, for Dakota, with the 46th parallel for northern boundary Tatonka Otanka, "Sitting Bull," born in Dakota in 1837, is killed near Grand River, 40 miles from Standing Rock agency, in an attempt by Indians to rescue him after his arrest for refusing to peaceably disperse his band and break up the ghost dances" Henry C. Hansborough .Dec. 15, 1890 elected United .Jan. 23, 1891 Sept. 12, 1883 Act for admission of State of Dakota passes the United States Senate, the remainder of the Territory to be called Lin- Australian ballot law; laws giving Farcoln .. .1884 go Agricultural College the Congressional North Dakota University at Grand land donation; locating the blind asylum Forks, chartered in 1883, opened....1884 in Pembina county; and directing that Majority in Territory vote for separa- the Scandinavian language be taught in tion of South Dakota; North Dakota the State university at Grand Forks, voting against it........ November, 1887 are passed at session Legislature of Dakota Territory passes a local option law..... .1887 Fargo College, at Fargo, chartered and opened... ...1887 Convention at Watertown favors the division, the northern portion to form the State of North Dakota January-March, 1891 Proclamation of the President opening up 1,600,000 acres of the Indian reservation at Fort Berthold.......May 21, 1891 tional.. Officers of the Louisiana lottery indicted under United States laws by the grand jury in Sioux Falls...Oct. 23, 1891 The prohibitory law declared constitu...May, 1893 Business portion of Fargo destroyed by fire; loss $3,000,000.........June 8, 1893 Constitutional amendment prohibiting lotteries enacted.. ...1893 .Nov. 3, 1899 Dec. 5, 1888 Admission act, for a convention at Bismarck, July 4, 1889, to form a constitution and to divide with South Dakota the institutions, debts, records, etc., of the Territory, signed... . Feb. 22, 1889 Seventy-five delegates elected May 14, 1889, under proclamation of the governor in April; convention meets at Bismarck growth of population... Admitted as a State.. prosperity and ..1899-1902 OHIO Ohio, one of the central northern States of the United States, is situated between lat. 38° 27′ and 41° 57′ N. and long. 80° 34′ and 84° 49′ W. The Ohio River separates it from Kentucky on the south and from West Virginia south and east. Pennsylvania bounds it in part on the east, Indiana on the west, and Lake Erie on the north. Its greatest length from east to west is about 225 miles; greatest breadth from north to south is about 210 miles. Area, 39,964 square miles, in eighty-eight counties. The surface consists of an undulating plain, most of it arable without excessive outlay. Population, 1890, 3,672,316; 1900, 4,157,545. It ranks fourth in wealth and population among the States of the Union. Capital, Columbus. Letters patent issued by James I. of England, under which England claimed Ohio afterwards.... . April 10, 1606 Charter of the London Company granted by James I. of lands west of the Alleghanies and northwest of the Ohio River. 1609 Eries, of southern and eastern shores of Lake Erie, conquered by Iroquois.....1656 La Salle enters the Ohio Valley from the Niagara region, discovers the Ohio River, and explores it as far as the rapids Iat Louisville..... ...August, 1669 [It is now generally held that La Salle discovered the Ohio, descending to the falls at Louisville. This conclusion, while no doubt sound, is reached by cautious criticism of fragmentary documents.] Treaty of Ryswick, by which France claims the Ohio Valley... September, 1697 French erect a trading-post near the mouth of the Maumee... .1705 Governor Spotwood, of Virginia, urges the English government to occupy the valley of the Ohio..... .1709 Vaudreuil, governor of Canada, opens a trading route to the Mississippi by Lake Erie, the Maumee and Ohio rivers...1720 Treaty of Lancaster, Pa.: territory "beyond the mountains" ceded by the Iroquois to the English.... ...June, 1744 Virginia colonists form the "Ohio Company for occupation and settlement of the Ohio Valley... ....1748 Celéron de Bienville's expedition to and down the Ohio River to the mouth of the great Miami..... .....1749 England grants the Ohio Company 600,000 acres of land.... .1749 Gist and Croghan lead a party of English explorers into the Ohio country..1749 Charles Townshend, of the English ministry, urges the forcible seizure of the Ohio region..... ...1752 French and Indians attack the English trading-post of Pickawillany (Piqua), capture and destroy it............June, 1752 Duquesne sends a French expedition of occupation into the Ohio Valley....1753 Dinwiddie, governor of Virginia, determines upon the forcible occupation of the Ohio country..... ...1753 Expedition of Washington to St. Pierre at Le Bœuf. ...1753 Frederick Post, first Moravian missionary in Ohio, settles on the Muskingum 1761 Treaty of Paris: France cedes to England all Canada and the French possessions from the Alleghanies to the Mississippi Feb. 10, 1763 France takes formal possession of the Northwest "from the mouth of the great river on the eastern side, otherwise called the Ohio". ......1671 Joliet indicates the Ohio country on his map of the Northwest.. ....1674 La Salle launches the Griffin on Lake Erie and coasts along the northern frontier of Ohio.. .August, 1679 Iroquois convey Western lands east of the Illinois to the English by treaty.. 1684 Nicholas Perrot, with twenty Frenchmen, marches into the Miami country: French establish a post near the Ohio Ohio country made part of Canada..1765 boundary ...1686 Indian and Moravian village of SchönEnglish traders crossing the Ohio coun- brunn built on the Tuscarawas by David try are arrested by the French......1687 Zeisberger.... First general conspiracy of the Northwestern Indians under Pontiac......1763 Bouquet's expedition into the Ohio country; treaty with the Indians; Indians return captives.... .1764 .1772 |