that is, for the ordinary uses of daily life; implements intended for the chase or war-I mean spear-heads -being, according to my experience, comparatively few. They were, however, made in the same manner as the others, except that I notice the "bulb of percussion" is not in the middle of the base, but on one side. The reason of this, I presume, is, that it should not be in the way when the weapon was fixed to its haft or handle, to which it was probably bound by the sinew of some animal. There is another feature about the implements of this type which is noticeable; this is a certain amount of similarity in the line of curvature of the ridge on the upper side, to the line of fracture on the under side; that is to say, supposing you made a longitudinal section in the line of the ridge, you would in general have the top and bottom of your section of similar curvature. This feature is also often noticed in the modern "spaults". I have here an ancient spearhead fixed to a handle by some strips of wet parchment, as a substitute for sinew. In preparing the handle for the reception of the head, I first split the end with some flakes of flint, and then charred the wood in a flame; I then scraped out the cleft, as well as the charred wood, from the outside, so as to make it fit the head as neatly as possible, afterwards binding the strips of parchment round and through the top of the cleft, so as to fill up what vacant space there was between the cleft and the flint. I should say that the stick is ash, and that it was wet and green when I made the cleft in it. I think you will agree with me that an unpleasant wound could be inflicted with it even now. I have brought the flint tools with me which I used for the purpose of preparing the handle. Implements made by this method of flaking, range from about 2 in. long and in. wide, to 4 in. long and nearly 3 in. wide. I have one specimen reaching these dimensions. Apparently, when implements of larger size, or of a shape which could not be obtained by the method I have described, were required, they were formed by a number of chippings; these implements are 1 Since this paper was written I have found a few specimens which I think were intended to be thrown by the hand. often ovate, or tongue-, or wedge-shaped. I have only found two or three specimens of this kind, but a large one was found by the late Mr. G. M. Merricks of Chichester, on one of the Bow Hill tumuli, in 1868; it is now in the Chichester Museum. One of my own specimens I found near the road leading to Goodwood Racecourse, in company with remains of lobster shells, which, from the situation, were evidently left by some persons who probably had no idea what the stone was. Some of the implements of this type are very elaborately worked, asmany of the specimens of spear-heads, axe-heads, etc., found in various localities, sufficiently testify. The third type of flint implement is that which, having been first chipped, was finished by grinding or polishing. Implements of this kind could only have been produced by great labour, though it is probable that stones were selected, when possible, nearly the size and shape of the intended implement. I have only found one specimen of this type; it is the lower half of an axe-head, and was found in Kingley Bottom. I remember I made a long search in the immediate neighbourhood, in the hope of finding the other portion, but without success. If I may take into consideration the one exceptional specimen I have referred to, I shall have a fourth type of implement. This was originally ground or polished, but afterwards chipped, as some part of the ground-surface is still present. It appears to have been an axe-head. An interesting discovery has recently been made near Goodwood. Last year some caves, excavated out of the chalk, were discovered at Hayes Down, near East Lavant, which is about a mile, or a mile-and-a-half, to the south of Goodwood Racecourse, and a partial exploration of these caves was made in the early part of the present year, by Messrs. Dawson and Lewis, on behalf of the Sussex Archæological Society. I accompanied these gentlemen on one of their visits to the caves, on which occasion I found a bone pin or bodkin. So far as my examination extended, there were signs of the flint bands so often seen running through the chalk, and, therefore, it did not appear that these excavations had been made for the purpose of obtaining flint for the manufacture of implements. However, as it is highly probable, from the appearance of the ground above these caves, that they are of considerable extent, an extended exploration might result in the discovery of additional data upon which we might be able to form a better judgment of their object and use, than our present limited knowledge will enable us to do. One or two specimens of worked flints, some bronze pins and rings, as well as other articles, were then found; these were submitted to Mr. Franks, of the British Museum. A report on the exploration and on the articles found was published in the Sussex Daily News, March 2nd, 1893. It was necessary to remove a quantity of chalk from these caves, which was spread out on the ground for examination by the explorers. They, however, appear to have overlooked one interesting object, for, as I am informed, a small flint ornament, which was perhaps worn as a charm, was afterwards found in the débris. It was purchased by a dealer1 in curiosities at Chichester, who brought it to me for inspection. It is of oval shape, ground, with flutings towards the circumference, and pierced with two holes, one in the centre comparatively large, the other near one end and quite small. Both holes are, I think, natural, but have been worked; the hole near the end will only allow a small thread to be passed through it. I am of this opinion, because one of my own specimens has a similar small hole through it, which is evidently accidental, so far as the implement is concerned. This ornament is bleached, and I have made a drawing of it. I will conclude my paper with a few remarks on the comparative time in the past when the prehistoric inhabitants of the downs had their abode in that elevated district. We can hardly suppose that they would prefer the hilly downs to the low and generally level land nearer the sea, but that they must have occupied the elevated country from necessity, and not from choice. How long it has taken to bleach the flints, which our prehistoric ancestors have left as the evidence of their existence, we are not ever likely to know; but it must certainly have been a very long time. There is no method 1 Mr. J. Newman. of calculation that can be applied to the solution of the bleaching problem. For myself, I am inclined to the opinion that the prehistoric age was either during the deposition of the gravel, before the sea had sunk to its present level, or when the low land was a vast marsh and liable to periodic inundations during wet seasons, thus rendering it unfit for, if not impossible of, habitation. NOTE. The above paper was read by deputy, as I did not know the time fixed for the reading until very late; and the specimens, etc., were not sent, as I had intended to take them with me. I have thought it better, however, to let the references to specimens remain than to exclude them.-W. H. ! ADDITIONAL NOTES UPON THE GREAT BY ALLAN WYON, ESQ., V.P., HON. TREASURER, CHIEF ENGRAVER OF HER MAJESTY'S SEALS. (Read 7th March 1894.) IN 1887 I published a book upon The Great Seals of England; a work which had been begun by my late brother, Mr. Alfred B. Wyon, but at his death left incomplete. At the request of his widow I took up the work, and, as far as possible, finished it and carried the whole through the press. It had been the desire of my brother to make the book, so far as the nature of the work permitted, complete in every respect, and I did my utmost to give effect to his intention. I found, however, that after having made every effort to obtain and supply information upon every point of interest in connection. with the various subjects which presented themselves, there remained various minor questions upon which I was baffled in my inquiries. As at that time I was unable to obtain further information, I published what I did, in the hope that the very publication might perhaps elicit from unexpected quarters further information which diligent research on my part had failed to obtain. My hope in this respect has not been disappointed. Various matters have been brought under my notice, and these I now venture to lay before the British Archaeological Association, a Society which in the past has done so much for elucidating obscure questions connected with the Great Seals of England. For convenience' sake I will refer to the Seals by the numbers assigned to them in my book. Nos. 63 and 64. EDWARD III. (Willis, G.) "The inscription of this seal was altered, shortly after 30th August 1372, as shown by the subsequent impressions, of which the earliest I have found is dated 26th |