"1785, October 25th. Paid Rivington for printing Archbishop's Letter in full, and settled with Bookseller Baldwin, £3 13s."

I can give no further information as regards any previous edition of this Letter, nor can I state when the other three editions of the Elucidation appeared.

4. The enlargements and additions were all the author's own. His son, Major-General Gifford, determined to print them in full on his father's death; and then brought out the 5th edition. He knew it was a subject entered on in the spirit of devout piety, and had occupied the writer's thoughts for many years of his life. Capt. James Gifford (Sen.) was also the author of A Short Essay on the Belief of an Universal Providence, Cambridge, printed by J. Archdeacon, 1781; and of a little work entitled, Reflections on the Necessity of Death, and the Hopes of a Future Existence.

In the Christian Reformer for January 1854 (No. 119, New Series), there is a Memoir of Rear-Admiral James Gifford, the eldest son of Capt. Gifford, and an account of the good reception his Remonstrance met with. He wrote it when he was Captain in the Navy. In this Reformer, we read in a note:

ERRONEOUS MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS IN BRISTOL (3rd S. v. 87.)-It may be as well to notice two inaccuracies of date in the tablet on the west wall of Bristol Cathedral erected by a "devoted friend " in memory of the Porter family. Col. John Porter is said to have died in the Isle of Man in the year 1810, aged 38 years. It should have been 1811, as appears from a letter of Miss Jane Porter, now lying before me, dated Nov. 18, 1811, in which she speaks of having lately been afflicted with the news of the death of her brother John, who was the merchant in the West Indies. It would appear from the Gentleman's Magazine that he died, poor fellow! in Castle Rushen, an imprisoned debtor, on the 19th of August, leaving a widow and child. (Query, What became of them?) The father of "this highly gifted and most estimable family" is said to have died at Durham in the year of our Lord 1780. It should have been 1779. I add a copy of the inscription on his tombstone in the churchyard of St. Oswald's in Durham:

WILDMOOR AND WHITIMORE (3rd S. v. 220.)— Not being personally acquainted with the country in question, I was obliged to depend upon others; and while writing my note, I had before me Faden's large map of Staffordshire in 1799, together with Cruchley's Maps and Walker's County Atlas the two last reduced from the Ordnance Survey. It will be seen, I think, that I could hardly come to any other conclusion than that the two names applied to the same place. Cruchley omits Whitimore, in Shropshire; and lays down Wildmoor farm within the borders of Staffordshire on the same spot, near Abbots' Castle, where Faden has inserted Willmor. Walker follows an opposite course, noting Whilimore (sic), in Shropshire, and not giving either name in Staffordshire. I knew that the parish of Bobbington extends into Salop; and when I said that Wildmore did so, I was of course alluding to that portion of Bobbington, which your correspondent observes is now locally known as Wittymere. After all, it may be that Willmore was the original appellation, and that the property of the Whitmore family came to be called after them, one name easily passing into the other; or, vice versa, Willmore and Wildmoor may themselves be corruptions of Whitimore, and instances of the changes in nomenclature which so frequently occur. The dissimilarity of the ancient and modern names certainly struck me; but they are scarcely greater than those of the place near Burton-on-Trent. The authorities quoted by Shaw prove that Wetmore was formerly written Wittmore, Wythmere, Wightmere, &c. I will not conclude without offering my thanks to your correspondent for his friendly correction. SHEM.

ILLEGITIMATE CHILDREN OF CHARLES II. (3rd S. v. 211.)-In the list, given by OXONIENSIS, of the illegitimate children of Charles II., there are omitted Charlotte, Countess of Lichfield, and Barbara, a nun at Pontoise: both daughters of Barbara, Duchess of Cleveland. And I will add ence of James Stewart, a Catholic priest, with a query: What authority is there for the existwhom the list begins? I have never seen him mentioned in any list of Charles II.'s children.

CHARLES F. S. WARREN.

LEADING APES IN HELL (3rd S. v. 193.) —I am not aware of the origin of the phrase, "Leading

apes in hell," as applied to old maiden ladies; but as T. D. H. asks for earlier mention of the superstition, I would refer him to Much Ado About Nothing (Act II. Sc. 1), where the theme is enlarged upon at considerable length by a young maiden lady of certain age, but of uncertain temper. Probably some commentator on this passage may throw light on the matter. C. A. L. Shenstone, in one of his Levities, or Pieces of Humour, entitled "Stanzas to the Memory of an agreeable Lady, buried in Marriage to a Person undeserving of her," and which commences

""Twas always held, and ever will,

By sage mankind, discreeter,

T'anticipate a lesser ill

Than undergo a greater"—

66

to search further. And after ransacking Sauval, and a host of authorities, it was discovered that the Pont aux Doubles was not erected till after Giocondo's death, and that it was so called, not because it was a geminum pontem," or double bridge, but because formerly there was a toll of a double, or double denier (a small French coin, worth the sixth part of a penny), payable by all who passed over it. The discovery that so probable a conjecture, and one that appears to have been so universally received, was, after all, an error, seems so curious that it is, I hope, worth A. A. recording in "N. & Q." Poets' Corner.

PORTRAITS OF OUR LORD (3rd S. v. 74, 157.)— There is evidence that such portraits, or rather

"Poor Gratia, in her twentieth year,

PAMPHLET (3rd S. v. 167.)-It seems worth while to make a note of a somewhat unusual employment of this word, upon which I have just happened in Shakspeare's First Part of Henry VI.:

"[. Gloster offers to put up a Bill: Winchester snatches it, tears it.

"Winchester. Com'st thou with deep premeditated lines? With written pamphlets, studiously devised?"

JOHN ADDIS.

second and third centuries of our æra. In the Latin version of Irenæus (Adversus Hæreses) is the following passage, relative to the followers of the heresiarch Carpocrates:·

"Etiam imagines quasdam quidem depictas, quasdam autem et de reliqua materia fabricatas habent, dicentes formam Christi factam a Pilato, illo in tempore quo fuit Jesus cum hominibus. Et has coronant, et proponunt eas cum imaginibus mundi philosophorum, videlicet cum imagine Pythagoræ, et Platonis, et Aristotelis," &c.

Hippolitus, the bishop of Portus, in his corresponding book, Κατὰ πασῶν αἱρέσεων, has a shorter passage to the same effect:

“ Καὶ εἰκόνας δὲ κατασκευάζουσι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, λέγοντες ὑπὸ Πιλάτου τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ γενέσθαι.”

H. FISHWICK.

VERIFYING QUOTATIONS: TRADITIONS, ETC. (3rd S. iv. 193, 292.)-A curious instance of the chance of continuing an error, unless a subject be thoroughly gone into, occurred the other day in editing the Architectural Publication Society's Dictionary, which is perhaps worth recording. On coming to the biography of Fra Giovanni Giocondo, the writer found there was an epigram addressed to him by the learned Sannazarius, in which the former is described as the architect of "geminum pontem," at Paris. On consulting an able French authority, the editing Committee were told there was no question that the bridge was the old Pont aux Doubles, a bridge which led from the front of Notre Dame to the Quartier Latin; and which has just been pulled down, in consequence of the public improvements-in fact, that the name itself was sufficient evidence to rely on. Having, however, the fear of our vigilant secretary before our eyes, it was determined

SANCROFT (3rd S. v. 213.)-Francis Sancroft, of Fressingfield (co. Suffolk), had by his wife Margaret, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Boucher of Wilby, in the same county, two sons, Thomas, and William, the Archbishop; and six daughters-Deborah, Elizabeth, Alice, Frances, Mary, and Margaret.

Although I have been unable to find out any of their husbands' names, I would suggest that the following probable sources should be tested.

The Archbishop, who was fond of obtaining any information connected with his family, made extracts with his own hand from the register books, of the parish of Fressingfield, of the births, marriages, and deaths of all members of the Sancroft family from the year 1739. These were in existence some few years ago, and in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Holmes of Gawdy Hall, Suffolk.

Three large volumes of letters, principally on private matters, addressed to Archbishop Sancroft at different times, are in the Harleian Collection (Nos. 3783-3785).

In Dr. Ayscough's Catalogue (4223, 130), among

TRUST AND TRUSTY (3rd S. v. 231.) Your correspondent J. C. J., who has taken under his special patronage the new word-or would-be word-reliable, in order to obviate the objection that its use has been anticipated and supplied by trustworthy, advanced, in a letter to "N. & Q. some weeks or months ago, the ingenious theory that "trust" and its derivates are, properly, susceptible only of a personal application. I protested against the limitation as novel, arbitrary and untenable, and I cited Shakspeare._J. C. J. replies in an article headed "Trusty: Trust, as used by Shakspeare." I waive all discussion of "Trusty," because it was not the equivalent suggested for "reliable." Let us go to the root, "Trust." J. C. J. says that Shakspeare uses this word 120 times; that for more than one half of these he applies it to persons, and frequently in the remaining cases to things which have reference to persons. J. C. J. considers swords and other weapons to possess (poeticè) a sort of personal existence; and from these premises he concludes that Shakspeare, though "he occasionally disregards it," prefers his (J. C. J.'s) use of the word "trust."

With these assumptions, inferences, and reservations it is not easy to deal. Shakspeare's preference of the personal to the material application of the word, if he be admitted to have employed both, is too loose and conjectural a thesis for argument. In the mean time, the word is used by every one in its material sense a dozen times a day. A man trusts or distrusts his watch, his weather-glass, his wall, as it may be well or ill built his horse, as it may be sure-footed or otherwise, &c. &c.; and he does so in perfectly good English. The distinction is too fine to handle. J. C. J. is much less nicely discriminate in matters of neology, when he talks of "the modern words reliance and reliable," as if they were parallel in date and authority,-whereas the one is to be found in Shakspeare, is used by Dryden, Atterbury, Bolingbroke, and probably by every great writer of the English language for the last two centuries-whilst the other is, as we all know, the newspaper spawn of the last ten or twelve years.

I quite agree with J. C. J. that it would be execrable English, even for the nineteenth century, to say that " your honesty is reliable" (though I am rather surprised that he should admit it to be so); but to say "your honesty is trustworthy," would be as good Victorian as "Elizabethan."

X.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Essays on the Administrations of Great Britain from 1783 to 1830. Reprinted from the Edinburgh Review. By the Rt. Hon. Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bart. Edited by Sir Edmund Head, Bart. (Longman.)

Those who remember the very interesting series of papers on the various Administrations from the time of Lord North, Lord Rockingham, Lord Shelburne, the Coalition, and Mr. Pitt, down to those of Mr. Canning, Lord Goderich, and the Duke of Wellington, which were from time to time contributed to the Edinburgh Review by that accomplished scholar and excellent man, the Stanhope and the other discerning critics to whose suglate Sir George Lewis, owe their best thanks to Lord gestions they are indebted for this republication of them

in a collected form. The articles are not so much a his

tory of England during the period to which they relatea period of deep interest, and replete with instruction as a commentary on the ministerial history of that day. Such a commentary by a man like Sir George Lewis, who in addition to being singularly acute and industrious, and as singularly just and impartial, combined practical statesmanship with a philosophical appreciation of the acts and motives of men, cannot fail to rivet the attention of historical students, and to be read with advantage by all. In the present republication, the Essays are given with many passages, notes, and references, which, for want of space, were omitted in the Edinburgh Review, while a certain air of completeness is given to the series by the addition of an excellent Index. The Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature, by William Thomas Lowndes. New Edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged by Henry G. Bohn. Part X. (Bohn.)

The present Part concludes Mr. Bohn's bibliographical labours on the nucleus furnished by Lowndes; but, as he tells us, does not complete the work, as it is to be followed immediately by an Appendix, which will contain, inter alia, a complete list of all the books printed by the Literary and Scientific Societies of Great Britain. This will certainly be a most useful addition to Bohn's Lowndes, which if not perfect, is an enormous improvement upon the original work, and one for which all book lovers are under great obligations to Mr. Bohn.

Notices to Correspondents.

We have been unavoidably compelled to omit some of our Notes on Books.

J. H. We shall be glad to receive the notes on Gurnall.

J. HENRY will find a Table of University Hoods in our 2nd S. vi. p. 211; and references to a considerable number of articles on the same subject in the General Index to our Second Series.

E. A. GREEN. May marriages were considered unlucky in the time of

Ovid, who tells us in his Fasti

"Mense malas Maio nubere vulgus ait,”—

a line which was affixed on the gates of Holyrood the morning after the marriage of Mary and Bothwell. See a curious paper on the subject by the late Mr. Singer," N. & Q." 1st 8. ii. 52.

If any Subscriber to “N. & Q." should discover the vol. iv. 3rd S. in his possession to be a copy with marginal MS. notes, he will confer a favour on the owner, Mr. W. J. Bernhard Smith, by returning the same, either to the office of N. & Q." or to 1, Plowden Buildings, Temple, when a clean copy will be exchanged for it.

J. D. Lady-day has fallen on Good Friday three times during the present century, namely, in 1842, 1853, and 1864. This will not happen again till the year 1910. The medieval couplet refers to Easter Day, not to Good Friday. See " N. & Q." 3rd S. v. 224.

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CONTENTS. -No. 119.

NOTES: The Birth-place of Robin Hood, 293- Alabarches, 294-Joseph Hume, Ib. - Application of Gustavus Adolphus to Charles I. on behalf of Patrick Ruthven, lb.Henry Dennis Corpse: Defend Thomas Nugent, Esq., &c. -Burial Offerings - Funeral Offerings, 295.

QUERIES:-" Abel," Oratorio of George Augustus Adderley Aurea vincenti," &c. - Aneroids - The Ballot Beech-Droppings-"The Church of our Fathers"- Lieut.Col. Cotterell-"Feast of the Despots"- The Great Italian Poet-"The House that Jack Built "- Thomas More Molyneux Massachusetts Stone Northamptonshire Inhabitants of Celtic Extraction Pit and GallowsTimothy Plain- Rev. William Romaine, M.A- RomanoBritish Money Cheyne Rowe, Esq., an Author-Stum Rod Dr. Jonathan Wagstaffe, 297.

-

QUERIES WITH ANSWERS: -Font at Chelmorton- Grammar of the Gay Science-"Coliberti," &c. - Quotation

A propos of Robin, I may be allowed to make the following remarks:

Hunter conjectures, and not without some degree of plausibility, that Sir Richard atte Lee, whom Robin befriends, was a member of the House of Lee or Leigh of Middleton, near Leeds. If Sir Richard did go from Middleton on his journey to meet the Abbot of St. Mary's, his road would lay across the present Leeds and Wakefield turnpike road, just about at a spot where the road crosses a bank spanned by a bridge still known by the name of Robin Hood's Bridge. Indeed the whole district, now the site of many coal-pits, is called by his name; and if this was the bridge where "ther was a wraselyng," is it not probable that the knight in his gratitude gave

land," 300.

REPLIES:- Heraldic Query, 301- Situation of Zoar, Ib. Publication of Diaries, 303 Cromwell's Head, 305 Anonymous Contributions to "N. & Q." Quotation Elma Hugh Branham, M.A. -- Parish Registers: Tombstones and their Inscriptions-On Wit - James Cumming, F.S.A.-William Lillington Lewis - A. E. I. O. U. Quotation wanted: Evander's Order- Oghams - Enigma - Fitz-James, Duke of Berwick, and Fitz-James, &c.Witty Classical Quotations - Royal Cadency - Meschines -Archbishop Hamilton-Towt, Towter, &c., 307. Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

THE BIRTH-PLACE OF ROBIN HOOD.

The melancholy catastrophe at Sheffield has brought before the eyes of the public the name of a river or rivulet called the Loxley. On seeing that name in the Leeds Mercury it immediately occurred to me, has this river any connection with the reputed birth-place of Robin Hood? I at once turned to the Ordnance Survey, sheet 294, six inch scale, and there sure enough I not only found the river Loxley, but a very small hamlet on its northern bank called Loxley also. Now, is this the "Merry sweet Locksley town" of the ballad? Hunter, in his Hallamshire, states that within the memory of man the district was wholly unenclosed and uncultivated; and he is of opinion that it has "the fairest pretensions to be the Locksley of our old ballads. The remains of a house in which it was pretended he (Robin Hood) was born were formerly pointed out in a small wood in Loxley, called Barwood; and a well of fine clear water, rising near the bed of the river, has been called Robin Hood's Well."

The traditions respecting the "mythical personage" are still unforgotten in that district, for within a quarter of a mile of this hamlet there is a public-house called "Robin Hood and Little John"; whilst upon the moors two or three miles to the northwest we find "Robin Hood's Spring," and a large part of the moor is distinguished from the surrounding wilderness by the name of "Robin Hood's Moss."

present name "for love of Robyn Hode?"

Is there any evidence to warrant us in stating that the hill about three quarters of a mile north of Wrenthorpe, near Wakefield, now called Robin Hood's Hill, was the scene of the battle between Robin and the Jolly Pinder? The hill in question is near the Wakefield and Bradford turnpike road, and the pinder in terms of reproach states"For you have forsaken the king's highway, And made a path over the corn."

In the ballad relating Robin's birth, breeding, valour, and marriage, mention is made of "Titbury town," which, from the line "Where the bagpipes baited the bull," we are led to suppose is brated for its bull-ring; but in a few stanzas fura clerical error for "Tutbury," the place celether on we are told that Sir Roger, the parson of Dubbridge, brought his mass-book,

"And joyned them in marriage full fast." Has the ballad-smithier in his ignorance changed Tetbury in Gloucestershire into Titbury, and then by a full use of the poet's "license" assured us that it should be the present Tutbury? Some seven or eight miles from Tetbury, there is a village now called Dudbridge, and if it could be proved that a Sir Roger was the officiating priest at that place during either of the periods Robin is said to have lived, it would go far to settle which is really the correct one.

Robin's adventure with the curtal friar in "fair Fountains' dale" appears to be commemorated by the fact that the wood overhanging Fountains Abbey, on the south side of the Skell, is still called Robin Hood's Wood. In it, towards the south-west end of the abbey, there is a spring called Robin's Well; and the neighbourhood around Ripon comprehends other places named after the popular hero. One of his band is called Will Stutly, and is it not probable that he was a native of Studley, who joined Robin perhaps at the very period of his adventure with the redoubtable

friar?

A. E. W.