66 4. Nasnās or nisnās, "he that moves with his stamp. His original memorandum rapidly," is defined by F. Johnson (Persian book, said to provide ample data regarding Dict.,' s.v.) as a kind of ape, a marmoset, these transactions, passed to his surviving an ourang-outang, satyr, faun, a monstrous assistant Thomas Gibbs, and at the sale of race of men or demons who have only one his effects in 1866 it was secured by J. O. leg and one arm, and move by leaping." They Halliwell-Phillipps. It is very improbable resemble the Arabian Shikk (split man), and that any articles were made from the wood the Persian Nimchahrah (half-face), who run before Sharp had possession of the entire with amazing speed, and are cruel and tree, and to him, therefore, must be credited dangerous (Burton, Arabian Nights,' 1893, the creation of the statuette. iv. 279). 6. Silphium, oiλpiov, is equivalent to Latin laserpitium, and is supposed to be a kind of asafoetida. Drawings of the plant and of the system of weighing it at Cyrene will be found in Maspero, Passing of the Empire' (1900), p. 554 f. On the virtues of silphium see Pliny, Nat. Hist.,' xxii. 48. W. CROOKE. 5. Blemmyes is the name of a real tribe of Arab race settled above the First Cataract of the Nile. In later Roman and Byzantine times they gave much trouble to the Roman government, frequently making raids, and at times dominating a great part of Egypt. They are mentioned fairly often in J. G. Milne's History of Egypt under Roman Rule'; see especially p. 79 ff. Would it not be better, in translating Flaubert, to keep the name Blemmyes? H. I. B. [MRS. M. W. THORNBURGH also thanked for reply.] MADAME D'ARBLAY'S DIARY (10 S. xii. 469).—MR. LEVERTON HARRIS will find a portrait of Col. Edward Gwyn (not Gwynn) the husband of Mary Horneck, described in the recently published book on John Hoppner, R.A., by Mr. McKay and myself. The portrait belongs to Mr. E. G. Raphael. W. ROBERTS. SHAKESPEARE STATUETTE (10 S. xii. 245). -In the paragraph to which attention has been called there are some obvious misstatements and doubtful identifications. Not any bust or statuette carved from the mulberry tree it is said Shakespeare planted could be contemporary with the poet. It will be recalled that, a few years after the tree was cut down, it came into the possession of Thomas Sharp, the clockmaker of Stratford-on-Avon, who traded in the articles made from it-ranging from chairs, caskets, cups, tea-caddies, and cribbage boards to rings, and chips of the woodfrom 1759 until his death in 1799. So as to ensure the authenticity of each of these souvenirs, he secured the whole of the wood the tree produced, and impressed each piece Moreover, the living tree would not have yielded wood sufficient for a statuette of 15 inches height in the days of either Joan Shakespear or her immediate descendants. If it is possible to come in touch with it, a very interesting comparison might be made with a small bust of the poet which Sharp carved. When George Robins sold the house and a few relics at the mart on Thursday, 16 Sept., 1847, this occurred as lot 15, and was purchased by a Mr. Thomas Wilkinson of Lower Thames Street for 18 guineas. ALECK ABRAHAMS. Ghost; remark: xii. SHAKESPEARE ALLUSIONS (10 S. 465).—In the preface to D'Urfey's Butler's or, Hudibras the Fourth Part,' the author begins a sentence with the "If no one were to write Dramaticks unless they could equall the ImIn the mortal Johnson and Shakespear." Shylock and his pound of flesh is versified same work, p. 36, Shakespeare's story of with considerable skill and success. P. 149 of his 'Collin's Walk through London Ben, and Westminster' D'Urfey alludes to Shakespear, and the learned Rout." These two works appeared respectively in 1682 and 1690. A secondary feature of the quotations is the order of merit which seems to be recognized. THOMAS BAYNE. At I should be glad of authority to connect FRANCIS KINDLEMARSH (10 S. xii. 386).— the Richard Kindlemarsh (or Kinwellmersh) of MRS. STOPES'S note, father to flourished in the parish of St. John Zachary the poet Francis, with a namesake who circa 1541-58. He seems to have been a man of some substance, and is first mentioned as a goldsmith, and afterwards as a mercer, apparently. The genealogy of the poet in the 'D.N.B.' is of a distinctly indefinite character. WILLAM MCMURRAY. ENGLISH NAVY DURING THE CIVIL WAR (10 S. xii. 308, 496).-Note also the long blockade of the Royalists in the island of Barbadoes by the English fleet under Sir George Ayscue. R. B. Upton. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Gilds and Companies of London. By George Unwin. (Methuen & Co.) THIS is a further addition to the series of "Antiquary's Books," published under the general editorship of the Rev. Dr. Cox. The volume is based on a study of printed and unprinted sources concerning the foundation and history of the Livery Companies, and forms an outline of the development of the Gilds and Companies of London from the days of Henry Plantagenet to those of Victoria. Whilst not losing sight of individual peculiarities, the author has endeavoured to lay stress on the significance which the Gilds and Companies as a whole have had for the constitutional history of the City, and for the social and economic development of the nation at large. In addition to the actual history of the City Companies, an attempt has been made to find the genesis of the idea of these organizations, the collapse of the Roman Empire being taken as a starting-point. The growth throughout Western Europe of the purely feudal system, and subsequently the germination and formulation of the collective idea, are next described. We quote the author as follows: : "In order to produce steady and coherent progress the upward thrust of the new life and the downward pressure of the old formula are both needed. But the upward thrust must be stronger than the downward pressure....This process of interaction can nowhere be studied to better advantage than in the birth, life, and development of the Gild, and of those kindred organizations which have succeeded to its functions. We can there watch in all its phases that transformation of social forces into political forces which is the very essence of what we call progress. We see class after class constituting itself a social force by the act of self-organization. Then, as the new social force gains political recognition, the voluntary association passes wholly or partly into an organ of public administration." In order to secure a comprehensive groundwork, it has been found necessary to refer to the contemporary development of Gilds in Continental cities, amongst others Bruges, Paris, and Florence; likewise to the general trend of the collective idea amongst Teutonic nations. As an example of feudal opposition we may mention that a law of Charlemagne of 779 decrees that persons shall not presume to bind themselves by mutual oaths in a Gild (Geldonia). A later decree of 821 warns the lords in Flanders and other maritime ports to restrain their serfs from sworn confederacies on pain of incurring a fine themselves. ac To follow the fortunes of the Gilds through their chequered careers is not possible on count of limitations of space. Suffice it to say that their history and development are traced with no uncertain hand by the author. Incidentally it appears that the presence of aliens is not, as some imagine, a modern problem. London in the fourteenth century was considerably troubled in this respect : "This alarm had scarcely "subsided before another serious cause of dissension arose between A rumour the Londoners and the Government. sprang up that it was intended to solve the difficulties created by the City's hostility to foreigners by making another port the seat of foreign trade. It was said that a wealthy Genoese merchant then staying in London had offered to make Southampton the greatest port in Western Europe, if the King would grant him the use of a castle there as his depot. The indignation of the extremists in the anti-alien party at this prospect passed all bounds, and the unfortunate Italian was struck down in the open street before his inn by the hand of an assassin named Kirkeby." are We recommend this book to all who interested in the history of Gilds and similar fraternities, or in the development of the City of London. Indeed, the history of the Gilds and that of the City are inextricably interwoven. Mr. Unwin's style is lucid and convincing, and his work has evidently not been lightly undertaken, but is as complete as a keen appreciation of his subject can make it. Whitaker's Almanack, 1910. (Whitaker & Sons.) Whitaker's Peerage, 1910. (Same publishers.) THE editor of the world-renowned 'Almanack ' does not rest on his laurels, but still works hard at making improvements and additions; and in the volume for the new year are to be found many fresh articles. These include the latest triumphs of aerial navigation, the export of British capital, the Imperial Press Conference, the break-up of the Poor Law, and a review of Social Progress. The statistics in the last are of great interest. The death-rate, which stood at 22:7 for 1851-5, had dropped in 1907 to 150. The birth-rate, which was 33.9 in 1851-5, had declined to 26:3 in 1907. A similar decline in the birth-rate is noticeable in the case of most European countries. As regards wages and prices, the net result shows an apparent increase of 40 per cent. in wages since 1860, while the general level of prices was about 24 per cent. lower. The prices given do not fully represent the changes in the cost of living, since they do not include rent, which has probably risen on an average since 1860. reference to local debt in 1874-5, the amount was nearly 93,000,000l., representing 16s. 1d. per pound of rateable value, or 31. 188. 3d. per head of population; while in 1905-6 the amount had increased to 483,000,000l., representing 21. 78. 7d. per pound of rateable value, or 147. 28. 10d. per head of population. It is pointed out, however, that a large portion of the capital debt belongs to undertakings producing revenue. In Whitaker's Peerage' also contains important additions. A concise account of the Coronation ceremonies has been inserted, the section on Indian titles extended, and the Indian Companions given. There is, besides, a description of Court dress for laymen. Under the Baronetage mention is made of " the grant of a baronetcy to a female-Dame Mary Bolles, of Osberton, Notts (1635 in the Scottish Baronetage)," and it is stated that "this is not quite the only one." There are some amusing references to the past in the account of the Knightage. The awkwardness of King James on the occasion of his conferring a knighthood on Kenelm Digby nearly caused an accident. This was only prevented by the Duke of Buckingham; otherwise the King would have thrust the sword into Digby's eye. Another awkward incident is related in The Book of the Court.' The lady of a certain City knight was once presented to the old Princess Amelia, who was very deaf. The Princess, not aware that she was merely a knight's lady, was about to salute her as if the daughter of a peer, to the great horror of the Gentleman Usher in Waiting, who, shocked, at such a violation of etiquette, exclaimed, loud enough to be heard by all present, "Don't kiss her, your Royal Highness; she is not a real lady." Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society: October. (Baptist Union Publication Department.) THE work of this new Society continues to fulfil the promise it gave on its formation, and this part contains further valuable contributions of general historical interest. It will be news to many that the practice of the washing of feet was formerly observed by some Baptists. This is shown in a letter of Daniel Dobel of Cranbrook, "Bishop or Messenger of the General Baptists in Kent." The letter bears date February 14, 1771. In it the writer asks his correspondent if he practises the washing of feet, and states that he has done so for upwards of forty years. There is a letter of Andrew Fuller's in reference to the appearance of Dr. Carey's portrait in The Baptist Magazine. Marshman in his life of Carey, Marshman, and Ward, published by Longmans in 1859, states that Carey considered the publication of this portrait a " violation of the engagement on which he had consented to sit to the artist [Horne], but he desired that a copy of it should be sent to each of his relatives ; and he would bear the expense. Strange to say, Marshman's book contains no portrait. The impartiality with which the Society publishes records relating to Baptists is shown in an article on Militant Baptists, 1660-72,' who by their treasonable conduct justified "the callousness of Charles in so lightly breaking his words as to indulgence"; and astonishment" is expressed at the lenient conduct of Parliament. At the present day it is needless to say that no more loyal subjects are to be found than the members of the Free Churches, and in the absence of set forms of prayer, the sovereign is prayed for on Sundays. There is a good deal of curious information in the articles on The Baptist Licences of 1672,' and Old Wisbech Records,' the latter showing that some Baptized Believers held the then rare doctrine of universal redemption. The Rev. James Stuart of Watford contributes a letter of Robert Hall's in reference to the publication of his sermon on the occasion of the death of Dr. Ryland, for the benefit of Ryland's family. Hall considers that the proposal to print ten thousand is too venturesome. The short notes at the end of the part are of value. One tells how the Jewish invasion in the east of London " is depleting ancient buildings of their Christian worshippers, and they are being converted into synagogues or sold for secular purposes." It is suggested that a pastor of a surviving church should organize a personally conducted tour round this district, and finish with a tea in his schoolroom for the pilgrims. Perhaps our old friends the Norwood Ramblers will make a note of this. BOOKSELLERS' CATALOGUES.-JANUARY. MR. P. M. BARNARD'S Tunbridge Wells Catalogue 33 is devoted to Italy and the Italian cities, including Aldine Press and Dante Literature. There are nearly a thousand items, arranged under cities, with the exception of those which cannot conveniently be thus grouped. These are to be found in a general list. Mr. Barnard sends from his Manchester address Catalogue 7. We note the Decameron translated by Rigg, 2 vols., and portfolio with extra plates, 1906, 37. 38. (a special copy with all the plates coloured by hand); the Gadshill Dickens, 34 vols., new, 71.; the Life of Darwin' by his son, 3 vols., new, 148.; Douglas Freshfield's Caucasus,' 2 vols., 4to, new, 108.; Hakluyt's including the rare plan, 4to, 1795, 21. 2s.; and the Voyages,' 12 vols., 71.; Aikin's Manchester,' first published edition of Queen Mab,' 1821, 6 6 168. 6d. Messrs. Lupton Brothers of Burnley have in their Christmas Catalogue a copy of the Edition de Luxe of La Fontaine issued by the Society of English Bibliophilists, 2 vols., 51. This edition was limited to 35 copies, and as a guarantee that the book would not be reprinted in this form, one of the original copperplates was presented to each subscriber. The Little Bell' is the plate with this copy. There are works under Biography, Costume, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire, Heraldry, Railways, &c. Under Discussions are those in which Bradlaugh, Cooper, Dr. Cumming, Robert Owen, Holyoake, Maguire, and others took part. Under American Literature is Stedman and Hutchinson's work in 11 vols., 27. 10s. of Engravings of the English School contains Messrs. James Rimell & Son's Catalogue 210 under Bartolozzi a portrait of Miss Wallis in Landscape, 1796, 8l. 188. 6d. Under Constable Lord Duncan is 81.; Cosway's portrait of Mrs. is The Cornfield,' 167. 16s. Copley's Victory of Duff, beautifully printed in colours, 181. 188.; Dance's Garrick as Richard III.,' 4l. 15s.; Downman's Miss Farren and Mr. King as Sir Peter and Lady Teazle,' 10l. 108.; Gainsborough's 161. 168.; Gillray's The Village Train,' and Boys and Dogs and Cottage Children,' The Deserted Village,' 51. 158.; and Hogarth's 'Election Day,' set of 4, 31. 10s. Under Hoppner is the portrait of Mrs. Arbuthnot, engraved by Reynolds, proof impression, 941. 10s.; and under Huck is a set of 12 mezzotint engravings illustrating dramatic incidents in the history of England, 107. 108. Among the Morlands are The Farmyard,' 'The Fisherman's Hut,' Gypsies' Tent,' Guinea-pigs,' &c. There are works under Opie and Reynolds. Romney's Mrs. Jordan as the Country Girl' is 15l. Under Rowlandson is Vauxhall,' 107. 10s. ; and under Turner Picturesque Views,' 60 plates, 281. Indeed, the entire Catalogue is full of treasures. Catalogue 130 sent us by Herr Ludwig Rosenthal is issued in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of his business, which we recently mentioned. It includes 40 illustrations, and notices of many fine and rare books and autographs. There are nine items of which only one complete copy is known, including, or in addition to, that noted; and a glance through the Cata logue, which is annotated with references to authorities, will show what opportunities Herr Rosenthal offers for those who can, as Iago recommends, put money in their purses. The Catalogue opens with the only complete copy known of the first book printed at Saluzzo, Alexander de Villa Dei, 5,000 marks. An original musical MS. of Johann Sebastian Bach, 6 pages, is offered for 6,000m.; and an autograph letter of Beethoven to Riess of 1819 for 1,800m. A musical MS. of the latter master, 4 pages, is 1,200m.: 1,400m. will, however, buy 41 autograph letters and documents, 1829-63, from the brilliant pen of Berlioz. M. Greuter's World Globe, 1632, which seems to be "totally unknown and undescribed," is 3,000m. Two leaves of a thirty-line Donatus by Gutenberg are also totally unknown, 5,000m. Gutenberg's Missale Speciale (Mayence, about 1450) has been the subject of much learned discussion, and is unpriced-perhaps, as his first printed book," is regarded as priceless. Bibles, Horæ, and other religious books are included in numbers, but we have mentioned enough to show the remarkable character of the Catalogue. Mr. A. Russell Smith sends the Second Portion of his Catalogue of Tracts, Pamphlets, and The First Part took from 1519 to Broadsides. 1800, and this Second Portion takes us down to 1900. We note Rowland Hill's sermon preached before the Volunteers at Surrey Chapel in 1803; Burdett's speech after his liberation; a Description of the battle of Waterloo, two folding plates; and Hone's Tracts. During the period 1820-29 we have 'The One-Eyed Coronation,' Pierce Egan's Trial of Thurtell and Hunt,' Tom Paine, George Barnewell, &c. For 1830-36 there are the Princess Olive, The House of Reform that Jack Built,' The Whig-Dresser, Nos. 1 to 11, and Bibliographical and Retrospective Miscellany, No. 1. Under 1837-1900 occur R. H. Horne's Orion,' published at a farthing; Mesmerism; Tennyson's 'Ode on the Duke of Wellington,' first edition, also the service and anthems used at the funeral; Bibliographies of Ruskin and Swinburne; Trials, &c. There are a number of old plays in alphabetical order, items under Shakespeariana, and old county maps. Under Exhibitions we find Catlin's North American Indians, 1848; a description of the Chinese "sold only on board," 1841; The Aztecs, Junk, 1853; Tom Thumb and his Wife, 1865; Panorama of Waterloo at Leicester Square; Niagara at Burford's Panorama, 1834, &c. There is also a collection of over a hundred illustrated handbills and advertisements. been bought up and destroyed by Mr. Froude's Mr. D. Webster of Leeds sends two Catalogues. That for December contains, under American Indians, Schoolcraft's Indian Tribes of the United States,' royal 4to, 1852-7 (Vol. V. missing), 81. Roux and Barré's Herculaneum et Pompéi,' 8 vols., Paris, 1861-70, is 51. 58. This set includes the Musée Secret,' which is often wanting. The Riverside Edition of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 13 vols., is 11. 188. There is the Edition de Luxe of Ward and Roberts's Romney,' 4l. 12s. 6d. ; and of Armstrong's Turner,' 41. 2s. 6d. Mr. Webster's Special Catalogue contains new books and standard publications at reduced prices. Messrs. Young send from Liverpool their Catalogue CCCCVI., which contains a magnificent collection of Gillray caricatures, original impressions, 1051. This was formed by a private col lector, and he has pencilled on many of the plates [Reviews of other Catalogues held over.] Notices to Correspondents. We congratulate Mr. Henry Cecil Sotheran on the publication of the seven hundredth number of Sotheran's Price Current of Literature.' The first number was published in 1844 or 1845 by Willis, to which he soon added Current Notes,' so it is probably the oldest catalogue which has been published conON all communications must be written the name secutively. The present number, like all others and address of the sender, not necessarily for pubin recent years, is carefully edited by Mr. Sothe-lication, but as a guarantee of good faith. ran, who, not content with giving the ordinary particulars of a book, adds bibliographical and biographical notes whenever occasion offers. For instance, the present issue contains Froude's Shadows of the Clouds,' the first edition, written under the pseudonym of Zeta : "This is very scarce, the greater part of the edition having EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Pubishers"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. T. BAYNE ("Living English Poets in 1903").-The date should have been given as 1893. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 1910. CONTENTS.-No. 2. NOTES:-The Loch Collection of Scottish Documents, 21— Lord Winmarleigh, 23-Haller's 'Usong,' 24-The Icknield Way, 25—' Beowulf': Hemming of Worcester "Teague" -"Burgoo"-"Keep body and soul together," 27. QUERIES:-Plantagenet Descendants, 27-Derbyshire Inscribed Stone-Twyford Family-Brooke of Cobham"Whelps" as a Name for Broken Water-Grammatical Gender, 29-Authors Wanted-Michael Maittaire-J. Maplet-W. Mitford-T. E. Owen-Michael Newton of Beverly-King's Place, Piccadilly, 30-Three CCC Court, 31. REPLIES:-Medmenham Abbey, 31-Waltheof, Earl of OBITUARY:-The Rev. John Pickford. Notes. In the charters of Dunfermline, A.D. 1231, in the reign of Alexander II. of Scotland, a grant of land was found registered to the names of Philip and Gilbert de Loch. Until the last few months both the name and the collection were lost to modern Scot land, the last direct member removing from Edinburgh to London in 1800 to study law under his uncle William Adam, Lord Chief Commissioner, of duel fame connected with Charles James Fox. This was James Loch, 'the economist," who became M.P. for the Northern Burghs of Scotland, and factor to the Sutherland estates in the early part of last century. The afore-mentioned business care is responsible for the private corre spondence of that ducal family being preserved, one would imagine, in its entirety, and it throws an interesting light upon the political movements of the period. From the time of Queen Mary to the end of the eighteenth century members of the Loch family can be traced as prominent in the affairs of Edinburgh. A grant of land near the Market Cross was made by Mary and her husband Henry to one Archibald Loch in 1564; whilst in 1570 another member of the family becomes the recipient of treatment of a totally different nature, he being hung by the Regent Murray in the raid on the Castle of Brechin." Passing to the eventful times of 1633, we find James Loch Town Treasurer of Edinburgh, and for this period the collection THE LOCH COLLECTION OF SCOTTISH supplies an overwhelming number of papers DOCUMENTS. THE above collection, in the possession of Messrs. Darling & Pead, of South Kensington, is evidently the result of the nation's characteristic-business care combined with the love of antiquity-is of exceptional interest, both literary and historical, and is the accumulation of centuries by one family, and handed down as the property of the eldest direct descendant. The last recently deceased-on the death of his father intended to dispose to a general dealer of a number of boxes containing what appeared to harbour so much waste; but the timely persuasion of a friend acting for him in the capacity of estate agent enabled the latter to secure and store in his office basement the whole, to await the owner's pleasure. After some three years it was considered expedient to gain permission to inspect this so-called waste, one result proving the family to be of great antiquity, and through different generations to have occupied considerable prominence, especially in Edinburgh. relative to Edinburgh. At a glance we find "The Decreat of the Lord Provost, Baillies," &c., on the raising of funds, "wherein they did resolve and ordayne his Majesty within the burgh in the most magnifik and soleme manner....the Treasurer to borrow certaine somes for his maj. receptyoun, propyne, banquet,' ," &c., to the amount of 35,000 merkes, this amount being jointly subscribed by Jn. Macnacht, Alexander Clark, Patrick Eleis, and Robert Carnegie. A humorously illustrative sequel to this banquet appears some weeks after in the form of an appeal by one Henry Herper, tailyour," burgess, who to the Lord Provost, &c., states 66 "that q at his majesteis being here, the good towne haveing invetit a great many Nobilles and Sundrie of the well disposit Burgeses, for the Gentillmen to the Bankit, and after dinner, honor and credit of the good towne, Did accompany a number of these Gentills in a way of merriment to the Abay Close, intentioning there to drink his maj. health,” he, Henry Herper, was in consequence called upon by William Moffatt, in the name of |