ANTI-MISSION BAPTISTS-ANTIQUITIES STONE IDOL AT COPAN, 13 FEET IN HEIGHT. an extended conspiracy, with many agents and powerful motives. Similar meetings were held elsewhere. Public excitement became very great and wide-spread; and a strong feeling soon pervaded the public mind that the masonic institution was responsible for the crime. The profound mystery in which the affair was involved gave wings to a thousand absurd rumors. Mutual criminations and recriminations became very violent, and entered into all the religious, social, and political relations. A very strong anti-masonic party was soon created, at first only social in its character, but soon it became political. This feature of the party first appeared at town-meetings in the spring of 1827, where it was resolved that no mason was worthy to receive the votes of freemen. A political party for the exclusion of masons from public offices was soon spread over the State of New York and into several other States, and ran its course for several years. In 1832 a National Anti-Masonic Convention was held at Philadelphia, in which several States were represented, and William Wirt, of Virginia, was nominated for the office of President of the United States. Although the party polled a considerable vote, it soon afterwards disappeared. The fate of Morgan after he reached the magazine at Fort Niagara was never positively revealed. Anti- Mission Baptists, variously known as Primitive, Old School, and Regular Baptists; called Anti-Mission Baptists because of their opposition, begun about 1840, to the establishment of Sunday-schools, missions, colleges, or theological schools. They hold that these institutions make the salvation of men dependent upon human effort rather than upon Divine grace. In 1899 they reported 2,130 ministers, 3,530 churches, and 126,000 members. Anti-Poverty Society. See GEORGE, HENRY; SINGLE TAX. Antiquities, AMERICAN. A greater portion of objects which constitute American antiquities consist of the architectural and other remains of the handiwork of the aborigines who inhabited the continent before any of the present races appeared here and subjugated or displaced them; also the ruins occasioned by the Spanish ANTI-RENT PARTY-APACHE INDIANS conquest. These are chiefly, in Central the operation of law and the payment of and South America, ruined temples, and, rent in the entire district. The attempt in North America, rude earthworks, now to serve process by military aid, the soovergrown with venerable forest trees called Helderberg War, was unsuccessful. which attest their antiquity. In connec- In 1847 and 1849 the anti-renters showed tion with those in the more southern re- a voting strength of 5,000, adopting a gions, there are remains of elaborate carv- part of each party ticket. In 1850 the ings and ornamental pottery. There are legislature directed the attorney-general many features in common between the to bring suit against Harmon Livingston temples and other works of art in Mexico, to try title. The suit was decided in LivCentral America, and Peru. The explora- ingston's favor, November, 1850, but a tions of Stephens and Catherwood (1840- compromise was effected, the owners sell43) revealed to the world vast remains of ing the farms at fair rates, and the tencities in Central America, which were ants paying for them. Most of Renssedoubtless inhabited at the period of the laerswyck was sold, and of Livingston conquest, 350 years ago. There they found Manor, which at one time contained carved monoliths and the remains of high- 162,000 acres of choice farms, only a small ly ornamented temples. The monoliths at portion now remains in the possession of Copan some antiquaries are disposed to the family. rank, as to use, with those ruder ones at Stonehenge, in England, and older ones in Arabia. The remains of Aztec art in Anti-Slavery Society, AMERICAN, an Mexico attest the existence of a high de- organization founded in Philadelphia, Pa., gree of civilization there at the period of in 1833, by delegates from several State their structure. So, also, the ruins of the and city societies in the Northern and Temple of the Sun, at Cuzco, in Peru, tell Eastern States, the first local one havof great advancement in the arts under ing been established in Boston, Jan. 16, the empire of the Incas. These remains 1832, under the leadership of William occupy a living place on the borders of the Lloyd Garrison. The presidents of the historic period, but the mounds in North national society were Arthur Tappan, America, showing much mathematical Lindley Coates, William Lloyd Garriskill in their construction and ingenuity son, and Wendell Phillips, and in its in their contents, have hitherto eluded the keen skill of antiquaries, who have sought in vain among prehistoric mysteries for a clew to the origin of the people who fashioned them. See MOUND-BUILDERS. Anti-Rent Party. The greater part of Columbia, Rensselaer, Greene, Delaware, and Albany counties in the State of New York belonged to manors, the grants of which had been made to "patroons" by the Dutch West India Company, and renewed by James II., the principal ones being Rensselaerswyck and Livingston Manor. The tenants had deeds for their farms, but paid an annual rental instead of a principal sum. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs had begun to show itself as early as 1790, and when, in 1839, Stephen Van Rensselaer, who had allowed much of his rent to remain in arrears, died, the tenants refused to pay rents to his successor, disguised themselves as "Injuns," and for ten years carried on a reign of terror that practically suspended Anti-Slavery Party. See FREE-SOIL PARTY; REPUBLICAN PARTY. membership were the leading abolitionists of the day. The members, individually, were subjected for many years to mob violence, and the feeling in the South against the society was exceedingly bitter. The members heroically kept together, in spite of persecution and personal assault, till April 9, 1870, when, on the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment to the national Constitution, the main society was disbanded. See COLONIZATION SOCIETY, AMERICAN; LIBERIA. Apache Indians, a branch of the Athabascan stock. They are mostly wanderers, and have roamed as marauders over portions of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, in the United States, and several of the northern provinces of Mexico. Wanderers, they do not cultivate the soil, and have only temporary chiefs to lead them. Civil government they have none. Divided into many roving bands, they resisted all attempts by the Spanish to civilize and Christianize them, but constant APALACHE-APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE of-war Eber, Adler, and Olga, and drove ashore the United States steamer Nipsic. The Calliope (British) was the only manof-war in the harbor that succeeded in escaping to sea. The town and its vicinity were the scene, in 1899, of a series of fatal taafa and Malietoa. Tanus to the kingship. Several American and British naval officers were killed or wounded, April 1, in subduing the native mob. ly attacked these Europeans. So early as United States ships Trenton (flag-ship) 1762, it was estimated that the Apaches and Vandalia, and the German menbad desolated and depopulated 174 mining towns, stations, and missions in the province of Sonora alone. For fifty years a bold chief-Mangas Colorado-led powerful bands to war; and since the annexation of their territory to the United States, they have given its government riots, growing out of the claims of Mamore trouble than any of the Western Indians. Colorado was killed in 1863. Though fierce in war, they never scalp or torture their enemies. A Great Spirit is the central figure in their simple system of theology, and they reverence as sacred certain animals, especially a pure white bird. In 1900 the members of the tribe in the United States were classified as Coyotera, Jicarilla, Mescalero, San Carlos, Tonto, and White Mountain Apaches, and were located in Arizona, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. They numbered 6,113. Appleton, NATHAN and SAMUEL, merchants and philanthropists; brothers; born in New Ipswich, N..H., in 1779 and 1766 respectively; engaged in the cotton manufacturing business, as partners; were founders of the city of Lowell, Mass., which grew up around their many mills. Both were widely known for their benevolence. Nathan set up the first power loom in the United States, in his Waltham mill. Nathan died in 1861; Samuel, in 1853. Apalache, Apalacha, Apalachi, or Appalachee, various forms of the name of a tribe of North American Indians who Appomattox Court - House, the seat dwelt in the vicinity of St. Mark's River, of government of Appomattox county, Va., Florida, with branches extending north- about 25 miles east of Lynchburg; famous ward to the Appalachian range. They as the scene of the surrender of General were known, his torically, as far back as 1526. The settlements of the tribe were mentioned in a petition to King Charles of II., Spain, in 1688, and it is believed that the tribe became broken up and scattered about 1702, the members becoming absorbed in other tribes. Apia, the principal town and commercial port of the Samoan Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean, situated on the north coast of the island of Upolu. The harbor is small, but, Lee to General Grant. The Army of ordinarily, a safe one. In March, 1889, Northern Virginia was reduced by famine, the island and harbor were swept by disease, death, wounds, and capture to a a terrific hurricane, which wrecked the feeble few. These struggled against APPOMATTOX COURT-HOUSE-APPROPRIATIONS BY CONGRESS enormous odds with almost unexampled the suggestion of Lee, agreed to allow fortitude, but were compelled to yield to such cavalrymen of the Confederate army overwhelming numbers and strength. On as owned their own horses to retain them, April 8, a portion of Sheridan's cavalry, as they would, he said, need them for under General Custer, supported by De- tilling their farms. Lee now returned to vine, captured four Confederate supply- Richmond, where his family resided. He trains at Appomattox Station, on the had started on that campaign with 65,000 Lynchburg Railroad. Lee's vanguard ap- men, and he returned alone; and for a proaching, were pushed back to Appomat- month afterwards he and his family were tox Court-House, 5 miles northward-near kindly furnished with daily rations from which was Lee's main army-losing twen- the national commissariat at Richmond. ty-five guns and many wagons and prison- Lee had lost, during the movements of ers. Sheridan hurried forward the remain- his army from March 26 to April 9, about de of his command, and on that evening 14,000 men killed and wounded. and 25,he stood directly across Lee's pathway of 000 made prisoners. The number of men retreat. Lee's last avenue of escape was paroled was about 26,000, of whom not closed, and on the following day he met more than 9,000 had arms in their hands. General Grant at the residence of Wilmer About 16,000 small-arms were surrendered, McLean, at Appomattox Court-House, to 150 cannon, 71 colors, about 1,100 wagons consummate an act of surrender. The two and caissons, and 4,000 horses and mules. commanders met, with courteous recogni- See LEE, ROBERT EDWARD. tion, at 2 P.M., on Palm Sunday (April 9). Grant was accompanied by his chief of staff, Colonel Parker; Lee was attended by Colonel Marshall, his adjutant-general. Apportionment, CONGRESSIONAL, the popular name of a bill enacted by Congress after every enumeration of the inhabitants of the republic or the decennial census, determining the total number of members The terms of surrender were discussed to be sent to the House of Representaand settled, in the form of a written tives from each State of the Union. The proposition by Grant, and a written ac- ratio of representation, since the foundaceptance by Lee, and at 3.30 P.M. they tion of the government, has been as folwere signed. The terms prescribed by lows: From 1789 to 1793 as provided by the United States Constitution. 1793 1803 based on the United States Census of. 1813 1823 1833 ** 1843 Grant were extraordinary, under the circumstances, in their leniency and magnanimity, and Lee was much touched by them. They simply required Lee and his men to give their parole of honor that they would not take up arms against the government of the United States until regularly exchanged; gave to the officers their side-arms, baggage, and private horses; and pledged the faith of the government that they should not be punished for their treason and rebellion so long as they should respect that parole and be obedient to law. Grant, at |