2. POLYGAMY And Concubinage. The moral dignity of the Christian code

of marriage, p. 113.-Licensed polygamy a characteristic of ethnic systems,

p. 114.

3. ADULTERY AND DIVORCE. Arbitrary power of divorce a conceded right

in heathen systems, p. 116.

4. CHILD MARRIAGE AND WIDOWHOOD. The evils of child marriage, p. 119.

-Further restrictive legislation concerning infant marriage greatly needed,

p. 120. The present status of Indian legislation concerning the remarriage

of widows, p. 122.-The sorrows of Indian widowhood, p. 123.-The

abolition of sati, p. 125.

5. DEFECTIVE FAMILY TRAINING. The training of children in Japan and

China, p. 126.-In India and Africa, p. 127.

-Infanticide

6. INFANTICIDE. Child murder not uncommon in China, p. 129. —

among the Hindus, p. 131.-Has it been entirely checked in India? p. 132.

-The doom of twins in Africa, p. 134.-Infanticide not common among

Mohammedans, p. 135.

III. THE Tribal Group

(Evils which pertain to intertribal relationships, and find their origin in the

cruel passions of savage life)

1. THE TRAFFIC IN HUMAN FLESH. The historical genesis of the slave-

trade, p. 135.-The main avenues of the modern slave-traffic in Africa, p.

136. The slave-markets of the West Coast and its hinterland, p. 137.—

The traffic in Morocco and North Africa, p. 140.-A recent report of the

slave-traffic on the East Coast, p. 141.-Vigorous restrictions in the Nyas-

saland Protectorate, p. 143.-The status in Madagascar, p. 144.-The

Kanaka traffic in the Pacific Islands, p. 144.-The coolie-trade in China and

India, p. 145.

SLAVERY. The passing of slavery in Christendom, p. 146.-Its continuance

in many sections of the non-Christian world, p. 147.-Domestic slavery in

China, Korea, Siam, and Assam, p. 148.-Servitude for debt in the Native

States of India, p. 149.—The status in Afghanistan, p. 149.—The question

of slavery in Zanzibar (now abolished), p. 150.

3. CANNIBALISM. Is cannibalism still prevalent among savage races? p. 151.

-Cannibal ferocity still untamed in Africa, p. 152.-The West Coast no-

torious for cannibal atrocities, p. 154. — Vaudoux worship in the West Indies

a relic of West Coast cannibalism, p. 156.

4. HUMAN SACRIFICES. The prevalence of human sacrifices in the non-Chris-

tian world, p. 157.-The evidence of its existence in Australasia and the

South Seas, p. 159.—The horrors of human sacrifice in Africa, p. 160.

5. CRUEL ORDEALS. The trial by ordeal-its severity and cruelty, p. 162.-

Ordeals in India, Siam, and Madagascar, p. 163.-Their prevalence in

Africa, p. 164.

6. CRUEL PUNISHMENTS AND TORTURE. Methods of punishment in West-

ern Asia, p. 165.-A Chinese Chamber of Horrors, p. 167.-The cruelties

of punishment in Africa, p. 169.

7. BRUTALITY IN WAR. The barbarities of Oriental warfare, p. 171.-The

annals of cruelty not yet closed, p. 172.—Sanguinary customs in African

warfare, p. 173.

8. BLOOD FEUDS. The prevalence and bitterness of blood feuds throughout

the African Continent, p. 174.-Sectional feuds in Turkey, Persia, and

India, p. 175.—Village feuds in China, p. 176.—Intertribal feuds in the

Pacific Islands, p. 177.

9. LAWLESSNESS. The quieting power of civilized rule in Asia and Africa, p.

178. — Lawlessness under native rule, p. 179.—Africa the haunt of lawless

violence, p. 181.

IV. THE SOCIAL GROUP

(Evils which are incidental to the social relationships of uncivilized com-

munities, and are due to lack of intelligence or the force of

depraved habit)

1. IGNORANCE. The social perils and disabilities of ignorance, p. 182.-Ig-

norance not always synonymous with illiteracy, p. 183.-Enormous per-

centage of illiteracy in China, p. 184.-The highly educated ignorance of

Chinese officials, p. 186.-Intellectual slumber of the Orient, p. 187.

2. QUACKERY. The contribution of quackery to the world's misery, p. 187.—

The charlatanism of the Chinese doctor, p. 187.-Native specifics in For-

mosa, p. 189. -Sovereign remedies in Korea and Tibet, p. 190.- Medical

destitution in India, p. 191.—Empirical devices in Burma, Siam, Persia,

and Arabia, p. 192.-The terrors of quackery in Africa, p. 193.-The de-

moniacal arts of the witch-doctor, p. 194.-Burning remedies and fiery

tonics, p. 196.-The sorcerer's art in the Pacific Islands, p. 197.

3. WITCHCRAFT. The spell of demons in pagan realms, p. 198. — Haunted

Africa, p. 199.—Witchcraft as a religion, p. 200.—The malign power of

obeahism, p. 201.-Soul-hunting in the South Seas, p. 202.- Belief in de-

mon possession among Asiatic peoples, p. 203.

4. NEGLECT OF THE POOR AND SICK. The compassionate spirit of Christi-

anity, p. 205.-Philanthropic needs of Japan, p. 205.-Ancient customs

in India, p. 207.-The treatment of the sick in China, p. 208. —The pitiless

fate of the helpless and suffering, p. 209.

5. UNCIVILIZED AND CRUEL CUSTOMS. What are the standards of civiliza-

tion? p. 210.-Some customs which are uncivilized and cruel, p. 211.—

Foot-binding in China, p. 212.-Uncleanly habits, p. 214.-Unseemly

nudity, p. 214.—Barbaric toilets, p. 215.-Promiscuous bathing, p. 215.

-Loathsome diet, p. 216.—Abominable dances, p. 216.—Tainted asceti-

cism, p. 217.-Funeral orgies, p. 217. - Mortuary customs of the Chinese

and the Parsis, p. 217.-Burial rites in the South Seas, p. 218.

6. INSANITARY CONDITIONS. The sanitary condition of India, p. 219.-The

efforts of the British Government to introduce proper sanitation, p. 221.—

Malodorous China, p. 222.

7. LACK OF PUBLIC SPIRIT. The enthronement of selfishness, p. 224.-

Laissez-faire the social law of China, p. 226.

8. MUTUAL SUSPICION. Confidence as a social tonic, p. 226.—Every man his

own detective in China, p. 227.-The distrustful spirit of Oriental society,

P. 228.

9. POVERTY. The ceaseless struggle for survival, p. 229.-The genesis of

poverty, p. 229.-The social import of poverty, p. 230.-India's recurring

misery, p. 231.-The beneficent efforts of the British Government, p. 232.

-Chinese poverty and its causes, p. 233.-The sufferings of the poor in

China, p. 235.-Poverty in Korea and Japan, p. 236.-The horrors of

African famine, p. 237.

10. THE TYRANNY OF CUSTOM.

An impersonal despot on an invincible

throne, p. 238.-The mysterious sway of custom, p. 239.-China's homage

to established precedent, p. 240.

II. CASTE. Caste versus social distinctions, p. 241.-The origin of caste, and

its social significance, p. 242.-Its evolution into a social monstrosity, p.

243.-The overshadowing mastery of caste regulations, p. 245.-What can

be said in its defense? p. 246.-The counts in a great indictment, p. 247.

-The ostracism of the Pariahs, p. 248.-Some representative opinions on

caste, p. 249.-An indefensible and formidable barrier to social progress,

p. 250.—The effort to fix caste disabilities upon native Christians, p. 251.—

Milder forms of the caste spirit in other lands, p. 252.

V. THE NATIONAL GROUP

(Evils which afflict society through the misuse of the governing power)

The dignity of the State, and the perils of power, p. 253.

I. CIVIL TYRANNY. Civil tyranny in Turkey, p. 255.-Methods of extortion

in China, p. 256.-Civil administration in Korea and Japan, p. 257.-

British reforms in India, p. 258.

2. OPPRESSIVE TAXATION. Taxation, past and present, in India, p. 260.-

The science of "squeezing” in China, p. 261.—Official mulcting in Korea,

p. 262.-The grinding tyranny of taxation in Turkey and Persia, p. 263.

3. THE SUBVERSION OF LEGAL RIGHTS. The benign mission of law in a

civilized community, p. 265.-Japan an exception in Oriental history, p.

266.-Korea follows the rule of spoliation, p. 266. —Legal rights the sport

of officials in China, Turkey, and Persia, p. 266.—Insecurity in Africa,

p. 267.

4. CORRUPTION AND BRIBERY. The characteristic rôle of Chinese officials,

p. 268.—The enormities of corruption in China, p. 269.—The Maritime

Customs Service and its excellent record, p. 271.-Official salary-grabbing

in Korea, p. 272. — Bribery at flood-tide in Turkey and Persia, p. 273.

5. MASSACRE AND PILLAGE. Extermination as a national policy, p. 275.-

The Armenian massacres, p. 275.-Blood-thirst in China, India, and'Africa,

p. 277.

VI -THE COMMERCIAL GROUP

(Evils incidental to low commercial standards or defective industrial

methods)

1. LACK OF BUSINESS CONFIDENCE. Commercial distrust in China, p. 279.

-The moralities of trade in Japan, p. 280.-Questionable standards in

other parts of the world, p. 281.

2. COMMERCIAL DECEIT AND FRAUD. The Christian ideal of commercial in-

tegrity, p. 282.-Business trickery in China, p. 283.-The commercial

sinuosities of the Japanese, p. 284.-Dearth of commercial integrity in

India, Persia, and Turkey, p. 286.

3. FINANCIAL IRREGULARITIES. A crucial test to the average Oriental, p. 288.

-Some remarkable features of Asiatic banking, p. 288.-A prominent

figure in Eastern finance, p. 289.-Currency problems in China, p. 292.

4. PRIMITIVE INDUSTRIAL APPLIANCES. The fixedness of industrial methods

in the East, p. 293.-The industrial capabilities of the Orient, p. 294.-

The demand for improved facilities of transportation, p. 295.

PAGE

VII. THE RELIGIOUS GROUP

(Evils which deprive society of the moral benefits of a pure religious faith

and practice)

The universality of religion, p. 296.—The fact of a general religious

defection, p. 297.-The genesis of ethnic faiths, p. 298.-The social value

of true religion, p. 299.

I. DEGRADING CONCEPTIONS OF THE NATURE AND REQUIREMENTS OF

RELIGION. The true tests of social value in a religion, p. 300.-Some

effects of ancestor-worship on Chinese society, p. 301.-Other illustrations

from China, p. 302.-The social influence of Hinduism, p. 303.-Islam

and its relation to social morality, p. 305.-The difficulties of social recon-

struction in an environment of religious degeneracy, p. 306.

2. IDOLATRY. The social degradation of idolatry, p. 307.—Is there a tenable

apology for idolatry? p. 308.--The spirit of contemporary idolatry, p. 310.

-The abiding moral blight of idol-worship, p. 311.

3. SUPERSTITION. The prevalence and power of superstition, p. 312.-Geo-

mancy and demonology among the Chinese, p. 313. —Japanese occultism,

p. 314.-Korea the haunt of spectres, p. 315.-India and the reign of the

mantra, p. 316. -The "Arabian Nights" up to date, p. 318.-Demon-

ridden islands, p. 318.-Superstition a social calamity, p. 319.

4. RELIGIOUS TYRANNY AND PERSECUTION.-The genesis of persecution,

p. 319.-Christianity rightly interpreted not persecuting in its spirit, p. 320.

-Religious absolutism the prevailing temper of the Orient, p. 321.-The

sceptre of caste in India, p. 322.-The perils of Chinese Christians, 'p. 323.

The passing of persecution in Japan, p. 324.—The martyrdoms of Uganda

and Madagascar, p. 324.-Outbursts of intolerance in South America and

Mexico, p. 325.

5. SCANDALOUS LIVES OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS. The import of the theme,

p. 325.-Morals of the priesthood in Japan, p. 326. —The Japanese Govern-

ment gives an official warning, p. 328.-Character of religious leaders in

China, p. 329.-The moral standing of the Hindu priesthood, p. 331.-The

priest, the guru, the mohunt, and the fakir, p. 332.-The secrets of Bud-

dhist monasteries in Ceylon, p. 334.-The imam, the mufti, the kadi, the

mullah, and the dervish, p. 335.-Religious guides in South America,

Central America, and Mexico, p. 337.

LITERATURE AND AUTHORITIES FOR LECTURE II.

340

LECTURE III

INEFFECTUAL REMEDIES AND THE CAUSES OF THEIR FAILURE

Christianity the "still, small voice" of human history, p. 355.-The

question stated, p. 356.

I. Is the secret of social regeneration in education alone? p. 357.-Is the evi-

dence from Japan, China, and India convincing? p. 358. —Some interesting

testimony from Christendom, p. 361.

II. Is there a guarantee of social regeneration in material civilization? p. 362.

-Can the ethnic religions coalesce with Christian civilization? p. 362.–

The status of man in Oriental civilizations, p. 364.-Social reform implies

a change in the spirit of Asiatic empires, rather than in their material civiliza-

tions, p. 365.-Is civilization divorced from Christianity a panacea in Af-

rica? p. 366.-Is there hope in the advent of commerce? p. 367. -Will

outside covering secure inside cleansing? p. 368.—The cry, "Civilization

first and Christianity afterwards," a false watchword, p. 368.

III. Wherein State legislation fails, p. 370.-Where reform attends colonial

administration its spirit is Christian, p. 371.-Illustrations of the failure of

purely legislative pressure, p. 372.—The historic dignity of the " Pax Bri-

tannica" in the development of India, p. 373.

IV. Is patriotism a safe watchword of social reform? p. 375.-The temper

and trend of patriotism in India, p. 376.

V. The social value of ethnic religions, p. 377.-Oriental character put in

evidence, p. 378.-Its brighter aspects and possibilities, p. 380.-A study

of the social tendencies of Eastern religions, p. 381.-Buddhism and its

social forces, p. 381.-The contribution of Buddhism to society is a para-

lyzed personality, p. 382.-Confucianism and its social rôle, p. 383.—The

contribution of Confucianism to society is an impoverished personality, p.

386.-Hinduism and its social record, p. 387.-The contribution of Hin-

duism to society is a degraded personality, p. 388.-Islam and its social

failure, p. 389.-The contribution of Islam to society is an enslaved per-

sonality, p. 391.—Is there in Shintoism the making of a renewed society?

p. 392.-Has Taoism the secret of social progress? p. 392.-Is there a

social gospel in Jainism? p. 392.-Can we hope that Parsism is equal to

the task? p. 393. -The universal verdict of history as to the social outcome

of all non-Christian religions, p. 394.—Christianity God's best gift to

human society, p. 395.-Paul's diagnosis of heathenism still true, p. 395. —

The watchword of missions is Christianity, both for the individual and for

society, p. 396.

LITERATURE AND AUTHORITIES FOR LECTURE III.

PAGE

• 353

• 397

A supernatural remedy needed, p. 405.-Religion the saving force in

history, p. 406.-The determining moral factor in a Christian philosophy

of progress, p. 407.-Christianity's endowment of power, p. 408.

403