[BRIT. CH. IN RELATION TO SAXON.] • Elmet et expulit Certic regem illius regionis. Eanfled filia illius duodecimo die d post Pentecosten baptismum accepit cum universis hominibus suis de viris et mulieribus cum ea. Eadguin vero e in sequenti Pascha baptismum suscepit, et XII. millia hominum baptizati sunt cum eo. Si quis scire voluerit quis eos baptizavit, fRum map Urbgen baptizavit eos, et per XL. dies non cessavit baptizare omne genus Ambronum, et per prædicationem illius multi crediderunt in Christo. (M.H.B. 76.) Ann. Camb. CLXXXII. Annus. Etguin baptizatus est, et Run filius Urbgen baptizavit eum. (M.H.B. 832.) This looks like an exact copy of Bæda's account (H. E. II. 9, 14), only substituting Run for Paulinus, the Briton for the Italian. Edwin, who was expelled from his kingdom when only three years old (Flor. Wig. Append. M. H. B. 639), was brought up in a Christian court in Wales (Rees, 303, from the Bonedd y Saint in the Myvyr. Archeol. II. 40: consistent also with Bæd. H. E. II. 12). In one MS. of Nennius it is added, that "sic mihi Renchidus Episcopus et Elbodeus Episcoporum sanctissimus tradiderunt: Run map ur Beghen: id est, Paulinus." But that Run actually was Paulinus (Hodgson Hinde, Hist. of Northumberl.), is a mere guess. There was a Romanus who preceded Paulinus in the Saxon see of Rochester A.D. 624–627 (Bæd. H. E. II. 8, c A.D. 616. See Bad. H. E. IV. 23, Ann. Camb. a. 616. A.D. 631 (632). Ann. Ulton.-Combustio a Bennchoir Moer in Britannia. (O'Conor, IV. 45.) a Bangor Maur: i. e. Bangor on the Menai, distinguished from the Irish Bangor as being “in Britannia," and from Bangor Yscoed (the monks of which were slaughtered in 613) by the epithet of " Maur." S. Furseus, A.D. 630 x 640, "paucis cum fratribus per Brittones in provinciam Anglorum devenit" (Bed. H. E. III. 19), coming from Ireland to (Anglian and just converted) Suffolk. A. D. 664. British Bishops (probably a Cornish) join Wini, the Saxon Bishop of Wessex, in consecrating Ceadda to York. Beda, H. E. III. 28. [A. D. 731.]—Ab illo (Vini) est vir præfatus (Ceadda) consecratus antistes, adsumtis in societatem ordinationis. duobus de Brittonum gente Episcopis, qui Dominicum paschæ diem....... secus morem canonicum a quarta decima usque ad vicesimam lunam celebrant. (M.H.B. 206.) a The terms upon which the Church of Wessex stood respectively to those of Cornwall and of Wales in the time of Aldhelm (Epist. ad Gerunt. A.D. 705), seem to determine these Bishops to have been Cornish. A. D. 670. British Church Endowments claimed by the Saxon Church. Eddius, V. Wilfridi XVII. [A. D. 709 x 720, writing of A. D. 670, and possibly referring to times before A. D. 616.]— Stans itaque a [BRIT. CH. IN RELATION TO SAXON.] sanctus Wilfridus Episcopus ante altare conversus ad populum, coram regibus enumerans regiones quas ante reges... illi dederunt, lucide enuntiavit: necnon et ea loca sancta in diversis regionibus, quæ b clerus Britonum aciem gladii hostilis manu gentis nostræ fugiens deseruit. (Gale, I. 60.) a At the consecration of Ripon church, A.D. 670. b The British were driven out of Elmet A.D. 616 (Bæd. H. E. IV. 13; Nennius, Append.; Ann. Camb. a. 616). And Loidis had become Saxon territory A.D. 627 (Bæd. H. E. II. 14), and A.D. 655 (Id. ib. III. 24). And there had possibly been further Saxon conquests in Cumbria before A.D. 670 (see Sim. Dun. in V. S. Cuthbert.). If therefore Wilfrid referred to British church-lands round Ripon, his words reach back to before A.D. 616. A. D. 671. a Ann. Tigern.-Maelruba in Britanniam navigat: and, A. D. 673.-Maelcoba fundavit ecclesiam de Abercrossan (O'Conor, II. 207, 208: adding his death also, as Maelruba, A. D. 722, ib. p. 371). a Similarly Ann. Ulton. A.D. 670, 672, and 721 (ib. IV. 58, 59, 77): and the Ann. IV. Mag. (ib. III. 226, 251) and Ann. Clonmacn. -Applecross was in Ross-shire, but still said to be in "Britain." See below, under the Scottish Church, for this further great effort from Ireland, headed by an Abbot of (the Irish) Bangor (so Ann. IV. Mag.), to follow up S. Columba's and other missions of the century previous, by a more northern settlement. A. D. 672. Ann. Tigern.-Combustio Bennchoriæ Brittonum. (O'Conor, II. 208.)-A. D. 671. Ann. Ulton.-Combustio Bennchari Britonum. (O'Conor, IV. 59). a The Ann. IV. Mag. date this event A.D. 670 (O'Conor, III. 225). A. D. 677. Ann. Tigern.—Beccanus Riumcan quievit in a insula Britannia. (O'Conor, II. 210.) a Probably in Scotland. The superscription of Cummeanus' Epist. ad Segienum (ap. Ussher, Epistt. Hib. Syll., IV. 432, ed. Elrington, written c. A.D. 634), runs thus-" Dominis sanctis et in Christo venerandis, Segieno Abbati Co lumbæ, etc. etc., Beccanoque solitario, charo carne et spiritu fratri, cum suis sapientibus," etc.- The Ann. IV. Mag. date Beccan's (B. Rumindensis) death in 675, XVII. Martii (O'Conor, III. 227). Earlier part of the 7th century. a Acts of Church Discipline towards Welsh Princes, attributed to early Bishops of Llandaff. The Liber Landavensis records the excommunication, I. of Meurig (L. L. 139, 140), and 2. of Morgan (L. L. 143-145), kings of Glamorgan, both of them for murder after swearing amity upon relics in the Bishop's presence, and 3. of Gwaednerth king of Gwent for fratricide (L. L. 172, 173), by Oudoceus Bishop of Llandaff (probably beginning of 7th century); 4. of Tewdwr king of Dyfed, by Bishop Gwrwan (about the same date, L. L. 158-160); 5. of Clydri, and 6. of Gwrgan, kings of Ergyng (or Archenfield), by Bishop Berthgwyn, successor of Oudoceus (L. L. 168, 169, 180, 181), the former two for a like crime to that of Meurig, the last for incest with his stepmother. Gwaednerth was also sentenced to a year's pilgrimage to [BRIT. CH. IN RELATION TO IRISH.] Brittany. And in each case lands were given to the see of Llandaff by the culprit when reconciled, of which gifts the record of the facts was drawn up to serve as a title-deed. The book however in which these records occur is a compilation of the 12th century. Nor can any of the documents from which it was appparently compiled claim earlier date than the 10th, or pos sibly in some cases the 9th. They are omitted therefore here, as not being contemporary or genuine records. (And they are printed at length also in the Lib. Landav. itself, and in Wilkins, I. 17, 18, 196, 197.) But the bare facts alleged by them may probably be admitted upon their evidence, and are likely in themselves. Latter part of the 7th Century. a Irish canons condemn the Britons for their separation from the rest of the Western Church. Ex Collectione Canonum Hibernensium: lib. XX. c. 6.-Institutio Romana dicit;-Cavendum ne ad alias provincias aut Ecclesias referantur causæ, quæ alio more et alia religione utuntur: sive ad Judæos, qui umbræ magis quam veritati deserviunt; aut ad Britones, qui omnibus contrarii sunt et a Romano more et ab unitate Ecclesiæ se abscidunt; aut hæreticos, quamvis in ecclesiasticis causis docti et studiosi fuerint. On the Anglo-Saxon side, see a like condemnation of the British Church in Theodore's Penitential, A.D. 668 x 690, below in its place in this work. The canon attributed to S. Patrick, which provides that" Clericus qui de Britannis ad nos" (Scotos in Hibernia) "venit sine epistola, etsi habitet in plebe, non licitum ministrare" (Wilk. I. 3), belongs to a set of canons plainly subsequent to the adoption by the Irish of the Roman tonsure, i. e. not earlier than the middle of the 7th century, and probably contemporary with that given above in the text. It will be found below in its place under the Irish Church. APPENDIX A. SEVENTH CENTURY (?). CANONES WALLICI (?). 1 Incipit Judicium Culparum' *. C. I. Si quis homicidium ex 2 intentione commiserit, ancillas III. et servos III. reddat et securitatem accipiat'. C. 2. [Big. 3.] (Legg. Wallica, lib. II. c. XLIX. § 3, 4; Ancient Laws of Wales, II. 875.) 5 Si quis judicio fuerit competitus' et præstando verum durus esse voluerit et ipsam intentionem fuerit interfectus', ancillas II. et servos 9II. 10 reddi 11 debere præcipimus. 12 Quodsi manum aut pedem vel quemlibet membrum perdiderit, similiter duas partes prætii se noverit accepturum'. "' Incipiunt excerpta de libris Romanorum et Francorum Bigot. Excerpta de Libris Romanis et Francorum Lugd. 2 contentione Bigot. 3/ 4 securus fiat Big. Lugd. Bigot. introduces here another chapter (2):—Si quis invidia homicidium fecerit, ancillas IV. totidemque servos reddat, et ipse securitatem habebit. (Legg. Wallic. lib. II. c. XLIX. § 2. in Ancient Laws of Wales, London, 1841, vol. II. p. 875.) Si q. fuerit homicida in judicio compulsus Big. Si q. f. in j. compulsus Wall. " et præstandi rationes diras noluerit Big. et dandi rationes durus e. v. Wall. ciatus fuerit Big. et invitus fuerit Wall. 11 deest Big. Wall. "' et infi 8 V. Big. Wall. 9 totidem Big. Wall. 10 reddere Wall. 12′ Manuum et quamlibet membrorum debilitatem faciens, accipiet in judicio Big. Manum, oculum, et quodcumque membrum debilitatum fuerit, idem accipiet in judicio, si non se redimeret Wall. * From MS. Paris. S. Germani (olim Corbeiens.) No. 121, sæc. VIII.: in Wasserschleben, Bussordnungen der Abendländ. Kirche, pp. 124 sq.: with variations from an almost identical collection of canons from MS. Paris. No. 3182 (olim Bigot. 89), sec. XI. or XII., in Martene and Durand, Thes. Nov. IV. 13 sq. The latter appears to be also in a MS. in the Library at Lyons, No. 203, fol. 9 sq.; see the Serapeum, Pt. III. p. 120, quoted by Wasserschleben. Their Welsh origin is probable, (1) because of the nature of the penalties (ancillas III. reddat &c.), and from can. 29, (2) from their connection in the MS. Bigot. with the documents printed above (the Penitential of Gildas, and the canons of Llanddewi Brefi and "Lucus Victoria," and the Excerpta de Libro Davidis), which are undoubtedly Welsh, and in the MS. S. Germ, with Irish documents of a like date with their own, (3) from the recurrence, almost verbatim, of several canons of the collection in the Latin abridgment of the Laws of Howel Dda, 10th century, which seems to imply them to have been among the older laws which were worked up into Howel's code. On the other hand, two of the three MSS. assign them to "Romans and Franks." Wasserschleben unhesitatingly pronounces them Welsh, from the internal evidence, and from their recurrence in the later Welsh code; but it should be observed, that the later MS. (Bigot.) agrees more closely with Howel's code than the first (8th century) MS. does. On the whole, they may be pronounced probably Welsh; and if so, belong to that period (c. A.D. 550-650) during which both the Welsh Church and Welsh principalities appear to have become organized. [CANONES WALLICI. SEVENTH CENTURY.] C. 3. [4] (Legg. Wall. ib. § 5.) 13 Si quis homicidii causa fuerit suspicatus' et non 14 ei titulus comprobandi, XL. et VIII. 15 viris nominatis', ex quibus XXIV. in ecclesia jurent eum 16 esse veracem', 17 sic sine causa discedat'. 18 Quodsi non 19 juraverit, ancillas III. et servos 21 III. reddat et 22 securitatem accipiat'. 20 C. 4. [5] (Legg. Wall. ib. § 6.) Si servus ingenuum occiderit et 23 culpa 24 ingenui fuerit hoc', de fuste aut 25 dextrali aut dubio' aut de cultello fuerit 26 interemptus, 27 ipse homicida parentibus 28 tradatur, 29 et quidquid faciendi voluerint habeant potestatem'. C. 5. [9.] (Legg. Wall. ib. § 7.) 30 Si quis dominus servum' arma portare 31 permisserit et ingenuum hominem occiderit, ipsum 32 et alium juxta se noverit rediturum'. 35 C. 6. [7] (Legg. Wall. ib. § 8.) Si quis ingenuus servum alterius sine culpa occiderit, servos duos domino 34. Quod si culpa fuerit servi alius, alius servus domino reformetur'. C. 7. [8.] (Legg. Wall. ib. § 11, 12. p. 876.) 36 Si quis rixa mactaverit hominem sive manum sive pedem sive oculum excusserit', ancillam 37 sive servum' se 38 rediturum cognoscat. Quodsi pollicem manus 40 excusserit, 41 ancille medium, id est dimidium pretii sive servi medium reddat'. 16/ 13' Si alicui homicidium imponitur Wall. Si q. h. c. suspicatus Big. 14 est add. Big. Wall. 15 homines nominatos congregabit Big. hominum nominatorum juramento se purgabit esse ab homicidio immunem Wall. 17' sine culpa excedat Big. desunt Wall. 20 V. Big. Wall. 21 VII. Big. ingenuus aut Big. Wall. 18 Si Big. 23 plaga Big. 28 traditur Big. Wall. de eo q. v. Wall. 29/ bidubioque Big. 26 interfectus Big. et culpa.. interemptus desunt Wall. 27 deest Big. Wall. et habent libertatem fac., quod voluerint Big. habeant potestatem fac. 30 Si autem dom. servo Big. Wall. et alium 34 restituat add. Big. occ., servum servum se nov. redditurum Big. Wall. pro servo reddat Wall. Quod reformatur desunt Wall. 35 si pro qua culpa fecerit servi, servus 30 si quis in rixa manum vel p. aut oculum hominis maculaverit Big. Wall. servumque Wall. 38 redditurum Big. Wall. pro servo Big. hominis deest Wall. 40 exciderit Big. Wall. reddere precipimus Wall. 99 a manu Wali. 41′ medium damni poni præcipimus Big. medium manus in precium |