homine Dei. [M. H. B. 833.]—CCCLXV. Annus [A.D. 809], Elbodge Oed Crist 755, y symudwyd y Pasg yng Ngwynedd o gyngor Elfod Escob Bangor, ond nis caid hynny gan yr Escobion eraill, ac achaws hynny y daethant y Saeson ar y Cymry yn Neheubarth. [p. 6. in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X. Oed Crist 777, y symudwyd y Pasc yn Neheubarth. [p. 8. ib.] Oed Crist 809, y bu farw Elfod Archescob Gwynedd, ... ac y bu terfysg mawr ym mhlith y gwyr eglwysig achaws y Pasc; canys ni fynnai Escobion Llandaf a Mynyw ymroddi dan Archescob Gwynedd lle yr aeddynt en hunain yn Archescobion hŷn o fraintd. [ib.] a All other Churches of the British communion had already done so. Nennius (so called), who styles himself "discipulus S. Elbodi," used the 19 years' cycle; which prevailed therefore in Gwynedd from Elbod's time. But it is first used in the Lib. Landav. under the year 1022, and by the Brut y Tywysog. (M. H. B. 851) under the year 1005, and by both erroneously. Nevertheless, the South Wales dioceses must have conformed to the Roman Easter if they were in close communion with the Saxon Church; as appears to have been the case, more or less, from about the end of the 9th century. These words, which are wanting in some MSS., are evidently a gloss founded on the mistaken supposition that the British were Quartodecimans. c Aliter Elbodu, or Elbodo. He is styled A.D. 755-Easter was changed in Gwynedd by the advice of Elvod, Bishop of Bangor; but the other Bishops did not concur therein; on which account the Saxons invaded the Cymry in South Wales. [p. 7. ib.] A.D. 777.-Easter was altered in South Wales. [p. 9. ib.] A.D. 809.-Elvod, Archbishop of Gwynedd, died; of Gwynedd, died; ... and a great tumult [occurred] among the ecclesiastics on account of Easter; for the Bishops of Llandaff and Menevia would not succumb to the Archbishop of Gwynedd, being themselves Archbishops of older privileged. [ib.] Elvodugus in some MSS. of Nennius, and in others Elbotus, or Elbodus. d The last echo of the British Easter controversy is traced (by Ussher) in certain Kanpikol, τῶν εἰς αὐτά που τὰ ἄκρα τῆς οἰκουμένης oikourTwv, who A.D. 842 x 847, (acc. to the anon. Vita S. Chrysost., written c. A.D. 950 [Cave]), ἕνεκά τινων ἐκκλησιαστικῶν παραδόσεων τελείας τε τοῦ Πασχαλίου καὶ ἀκρίβους καταλήψεως τὴν βασιλίδα πόλιν (Constantinople) καταλάβοντες, τῷ ταύτης τὸ τηνι καῦτα Πατριάρχῃ προσεληλύθασι· Μεθόδιος οὗτος δ ̓ ἐν πατράσιν ἐπιδέξιος· ὑφ ̓ οὗ ποθέντε καὶ τίνος χάριν ἥκειν ἐρωτηθέντες, τῶν Ωκεα νικῶν ἔφασαν εἶναι διατριβῶν, κ. τ. λ., proceeding among other things to profess themselves diligent readers of S. Chrysostom. PERIOD THE SECOND. FROM THE END OF THE SCHISM TO THE CLAIM OF JURISDICTION BY THE SEE OF CANTERBURY, A.D. 809-1100. [A.D. 816. Wales subject to the supremacy of Egbert (Ann. Camb. a. 816, 818, Brut y Tywysog. a. 817, 819, 823, Anglo-Sax. Chron. a. 828). A.D. 870. South Welsh Bishops said to have been consecrated in many cases henceforth by the Archbishops of Canterbury.-A.D. 874. A Saxon Bishop of S. David's. A.D. 884 or 885. South Welsh Princes, and, shortly after, the Prince of Gwynedd, under the A.D. 928. Codification of Welsh Laws, ecclesiastical and civil in one, by an Assembly of A.D. 973. Welsh Kings homagers to Eadgar (Anglo-Sax. Chron. and Flor. Wig. a. 973, A.D. 1043-1055. A Bishop of S. David's acts as vicar to the (Saxon) Bishop of Hereford. A.D. 1063, 1064. Harold reconquers Wales, in revolt since 1055, and reinforces the boundary of Offa's Dyke by penalties (Anglo-Sax. Chron, and Flor. Wig. a. 1064, Gir. Camb. de Illaud. Wallic, Higden ap. Gale, I. 194). A.D. 1071-1096. Revival of learning at S. David's in connection with the Irish Church, under Bishop Sulien and his sons. A.D. 1081. William I. "subjugavit sibi Walliam" (Anglo-Sax. Chron. and Ann. de Winton.), A.D. 1090-1100. Norman occupation of South Wales (Brut y Tywysog. Gwent. 72-76). A.D. 1092. Attempt to intrude a non-Welsh Bishop on the see of Bangor. A.D. 1095 X 1100. Jurisdiction asserted by Archbishop Anselm over the Bishops of S. David's and Llandaff.] Early in the 9th Century. Gift of MS. Gospels to Llandaff Cathedral a. Gelhi filius BOOK OF S. CHAD, marg.- Ostenditur hic quod emit Arihtiud hoc Evangelium de Cingal, et dedit illi pro illo equm optimum: et dedit pro anima sua istum Evangelium Deo et Sancto Teliaui super altare. Gelhi filius Arihtiud: et Cincenn filius Gripiud. [In marg. Lib. MS. S. Chad, p. 141, printed in Hickes, Diss. Epist. II; Wanley, Lit. Sept. 289; and (with facsimile) in Append to Lib. Landav. 271; and in facsimile also in Westwood's Paleogr. Sacra.] a This memorandum occurs with others (relating mostly to gifts of land to Llandaff) on the margin of the MS. Gospels (an Irish MS.) once belonging to Llandaff, now to Lichfield Cathedral. See above, p. 190, note i. Another memorandum mentions Bishop Nobis (Nywys) of Llandaff. And the gift of the MS. therefore must be dated early in the 9th century, as Nywys, who is reckoned as " 19th Bishop" in the Lib. Landav. 208, followed shortly after Bishop Cerenhir, if that book (206) may be trusted. The disappearance of the MS. from Llandaff, obviously prior to the compilation of the Lib. Landav., which makes no use of its memoranda, and its possession by the Cathedral Church of Mercia, leave it still doubtful, what kind of transaction, in the comparatively peaceable 10th century, had thus transferred the ownership of the documents of the Welsh see. One of these memoranda (in Wanley, p. 290) refers to Leofgar, Bishop of Lichfield (died A.D. 1026). Another, printed by Rees (p. 273), contains the name of Mormarch, who however cannot be the cotemporary of Bishop Herwald, A.D. 1056-1104, mentioned in the Lib. Landav.: inasmuch as the S. Chad Gospels plainly got to Lichfield before 1026. Similar date. Grant of Freedom to a Serf, made in the presence of IB.-*** cc ee t ** deneb lit * * ith, iiii fi * * ledri gu ** agnunne ** uch. et * ci * arthiud* iunt li[bert]atem Ble ** filio Sul * et semini [eius] in sempi[ter]num. Propter. [a]tque hoc est * e quod dedit [pro] liberta[te] quatuor ** os et oc[to] ** incias. [Actum coram idoneis [t]estibus; de [laic]is Riguo * n filius ** ic, Guen filius *r, Guoluic [filius *]edan, Ou * f. Guur * aim, Mer * an f.d Salus, Arthan f.d Cimulch, Judri f.d Judnerth; de clericis vero Nobis Episcopus Teiliau, Saturnguid sacerdos Teiliav, Dubrino, et Cuhelm filius Episcopi, Saturnbiu cam ibiav, et Sulgen [scholasticus qui hanc fideliter scripsit. Qui custodierit hoc decretum libertatis Bleidiud, et prolis eius, sit benedictus. Qui autem non custodierit, sit maledictus a Deo, et a Teiliav, in cujus Evangelio scriptum est. Et [dic]at omnis populus, fiat, fiat. [In marg. ejusd. MS. p. 218, and printed in Hickes, Diss. Epist. 11; Wanley, Lit. Sept. 290; and Append. to Lib. Landav. 273.] a Similar deeds of manumission occur in Saxon England and Cornwall (Hickes, Diss. Epist. 1215, Kemble, C. D., VI. 209-211). The above is entered on the margins of p. 218 of the MS. Gospels above mentioned, and "its former part is much damaged, and rendered for the greater part unintelligible by the cutting of the bookbinder” b So Wanley: pene Hickes. e So Hickes: Dubrmo Wanley. A. D. 854. ANN. CAMB.-CCCCX. Annus, Cinnena rex Pouis in Roma obiit. [M. H. B. 835. So also Brut y Tywysog. a. 854 (ib. 845). He was killed there by his own men, according to the Gwentian Brut. a. 850.] a Aliter Cyngen. See his monumental inscription to his ancestor Eliseg, below in App. B. ... A. D. 871, 883, 894.-BRUT Y TYWYSOG. Gwent. Oed Crist 871, bu farw Einion Escob Mynyw, ac y gwnaethpwyd Hubert Saisa yn Escob yn ei le ef. [p. 14. in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X.] a Seemingly identical with Llunwerth or Lwmbert or Lunverd or Llywarch or Lambert or Martin, consecrated to the See of S. David's 874 (Ann. Camb. and Brut y Tywysog.) by the Archbishop IB.-Oed Crist 883,... y bu farw Cydifor abad Llanfeithin b, gwr doeth a dysgedig oedd efe a mawr ei dduwioldeb. Efe a ddanfones chwech o wyr doethion ei gor i ddodi addysc i Wyddelod y Werddon. [p. 16. ib.] b = Llancarvan.-Armagh was destroyed by the Danes A.D. 850 and 867, and was restored by Bishop Fethgna 852-874; to whom it is IB.-Oed Crist 894,y bu farw Hywele ab Rhys ab Arthfael arglwydd Morganwg yn ei lawn henaint yn Rhufain ym mhen tridiau wedi ei fyned yno, sef ei oed chweugeinmlwydd a phedair. [pp. 18, 20, ib.] A.D. 871.-Einion, of Menevia, died; and Hubert the Saxona was made Bishop in his room. [p. 15. ib.] of Canterbury (R. de Diceto). Einion must= Novis, Asser's kinsman (M. H. B. 488), who (acc. to Ann. Camb., and see also Brut y Tywy80g., ib. 835, 845) died in 873. Cydivor, abbat A.D. 883. of Llanveithin b, died, a wise and learned man, and of great piety. He sent six learned men of his abbey to Ireland to instruct the Irish. [p. 17. ib.] conjectured that these monks were sent (Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X. 154). See above on p. 198, what is said about the Welsh Juvencus. A.D.894.-Howels son of Rhys, son of Arthvael, lord of Glamorgan, died in his full old age at Rome, three days after his arrival, at the age of a hundred and twentyfour. [pp. 19, 21. ib.] • See the inscriptions in Llantwit churchyard, below in App. B. Howel died A.D. 885, according to all the other Chronicles. 9th and beginning of 10th centuries, to A.D. 929. Synodical Acts of Discipline alleged to have been exercised by Bishops of Llandaff over South Welsh Princesa. a See above, pp. 125, 126: and for the form of these documents, below, under Bishop Herwald, A.D. 1056 X 1104. Those which are here referred to are in extenso in Lib. Landav. 196, 202-206,221-224, 227–229. and, except the first and last, in Wilkins. I. 197-199 (under the misnomer of Councils of Llandaff). They relate to i. A synod heid merely to receive a grant of land to Bishop Trychan, and to grant absolution to Brochmael and his sons (L. L. 196). ii. A synodical excommunication of Howel King of Glewyssig, and i. Of lli, for murder committed after swear ing amity upon relics in the Bishop's presence, by Bishop Cerenhir (L. L. 202–206). iv. Settlement by a synod of a disputed title to a church between Brochmael King of Gwent and Bishop Cyfeiliawg, and v. Excommunication (synodical) of the same Brochmael and his "family" by the same Bishop, for wrong done to the Bishop and his “ family (L. L. 221-224). vi. And of Tewdwr King of Brecknock by Bishop Libiau for stealing the Bishop's dinner by force from the abbey of Llancors (L. L. 227-229). Howel (see also under A.D. 894, above) and Brochmael (cf. § iv., v.) were both tributaries to King Alfred about A.D. 884 (Asser). Trychan, and the Brochmael of § i., are placed at an earlier but uncertain period by the Lib. Landav., Trychan's successor being cotemporary with Howel's father (L. L. 196). Cyfeiliawg's dates are 870 927 (see below), Libiau's 927–929. Part of the satisfaction enjoined upon Brochmael in the last case but one, was the payment to the Bishop of a plate of pure gold the length and breadth of the Bishop's face. And Libiau exacted the "price" of a Bishop, 100 mancus's of gold, sevenfold. End of 9th and beginning of 10th centuries [A. D. 870-929?] South Welsh Bishops said to have been consecrated by the Archbishops of Canterburya. ...... ASSER, De Rebus Gestis Elfredi.-His temporibus", ego quoque (Asser) a rege (Ælfredo) advocatus, de occiduis et ultimis Britanniæ. finibus ad Saxoniam adveni, ex consilio et licentia nostrorum omnium pro utilitate illius sancti loci et omnium in eo habitantium; Regi ut promiseram, ejus servitio me devovi, ea conditione ut per sex menses omni anno cum eo commanerem....... Sperabant enim nostri minores tribulationes et injurias ex parte Hemeid Regis sustinere, qui sæpe deprædabatur illud monasterium et parochiam Sancti Degui, aliquando expulsione illorum antistitum qui in eo præessent, sicut et Novis Archiepiscopum propinquum meum et me expulit aliquando sub ipsis: si ego ad notitiam et amicitiam illius Regis qualicunque pacto pervenirem. Illo enim tempore et multo ante omnes regiones dexteralis Britanniæ partis ad Alfred Regem pertinebant, et adhuc pertinent ...... Anaraut f quoque filius Rotri ...... cum a Rege (Ælfredo) honorifice receptus esset, et ad manum Episcopi in filium confirmationis acceptus maximisque donis ditatus, [se] Regis dominio cum omnibus suis eadem conditione subdidit, ut in omnibus Regiæ voluntati sic obediens esset, sicut Æthered cum Merciis. [M. H. B. 487, 488.] R. DE DICETO, Abbrev. Chron.-A. 872. Æthelredus Dorobernensis Archiepiscopus. Hic Chevelliauc Episcopum Landaviæ, et post Libau Episcopum Landaviæ, et post Lunverd Episcopum Sancti David, Cantuariæ consecravit. [Twysd. 451.] FLOR. WIG., Chron. a. 915.—Pagani ... terras septentrionalium Britonum invadunt, et cuncta quæ circa fluminis & ripam reperiunt, pene diripiunt. Captum quoque in campo Yrcenefeld nuncupato Britonum Episcopum Cymelgeac, lætantes non modicum, ad naves deducunt secum: quem non multo post XL. libris argenti Rex redemit Eadwardus. [M. H. B. 570. So also the Anglo-Sax. Chron. a. 918.] LIB. LANDAV.-DCCCC. XX. VII. Cimeilliauc Episcopus migravit ad Dominum. DCCCC. XX. IX. Libiau Episcopus |