[WELSH CHURCH IN RELATION TO SAXON.] A.D. 958a or 959. Limits of the (diocese of Llandaff and) kingdom of Morganwg, alleged to have been settled by Eadgar King of England as suzerain over Owen King of Deheubarth and Morgan King of Morganwg b. LIB. LANDAV.-Istud hic scriptum est, pro eo quod charta illa, in qua scriptum erat, præ nimia vetustate ferè tabefacta est. Sciant omnes Christiani quod septem sunt cantrefe in dominio Morcannuc, et in Episcopatu suo similiter, Ecclesiæ scilicet Landaviæ. Primus quidem cantref est Bican; secundus vero cantref est Guyr, et Cadweli, et Carnwaliaun; tercius vero cantref est Wurhinit; quartus cantref Penychen; quintus cantref Gunlyuch et Edelyvon; sextus cantref Wen-ys-coyt; septimus cantref Went-huccoyt, et Ystradyw, et Ewyas, qui ambo vocantur semper Deu wur laweys Went-buc-coyt. De Went-huc-coyt sunt et insuper hoc Ergyn et Anergyn, sicut in isto gref Teliau reperitur per totum finem Morgannuc per circuitum. Insuper autem scitote quod in uno tempore fuerunt Edgar Rex totius Britanniæ, et Huwel Da, et ‘Morgan Hen; et isti duo tamen erant subjecti Regi Edgaro. Morgan Hen obtinuit quoque tunc temporis totum Morgannhuc in pace, et quietè; sed Huwel Da voluit auferre huic Ystradiw et Ewyas tunc temporis, si posset: quo audito, Rex Edgarus advocavit Huwel Da, et Morgan Hen, et filium suum Huweyn, ad curiam suam; et ibi in pleno concilio Rex Edgarus tractavit de litigatione amborum; et repertum est justo judicio curiæ Regis Edgari, quod Huwel Da nequiter egisset contra Morgan Hen, et filium suum Huweyn; et depulsus est Huwel Da ab his duabus terris, scilicet Istradiu et Euias, in perpetuum sine recuperatione. Et postea Rex Edgar dedit et concessit Huweno filio Morgan Hen illas duas terras, videlicet Istradiw et Euias, nominatim in Episcopatu Landaviæ constitutas, sicuti suam propriam hæreditatem; et illas easdem duas terras sibi et hæredibus suis per chartam suam sine calumnia alicujus terreni hominis confirmavit. Communi vero assensu et testimonio omnium Archiepiscoporum, Episcoporum, et Abbatum, Comitum, et Baronum totius Angliæ et Walliæ factum. est; et quod maledictus esset a Deo Patre, qui illas duas terras a dominio Morgannuc et parochia Landaviæ unquam separaret, et quod iterum benedictus foret a Domino Jesu Christo, qui hoc observaret, et a cuncto populo Christiano a modo, et usque in sempiternum. Amen. Insuper scitote quod charta illa quæ illo die facta fuit, et scripta coram Rege Edgaro in pleno concilio suo, in ecclesiam [WELSH CHURCH IN RELATION TO SAXON.] Landavensem deposita est. Valete. [pp. 237, 238; and in Spelm. I. 414; Wilkins IV. 773. See also the Myvyr. Arch. II. 612.] a So the Gurentian Brut in an. 958; but possibly A.D. 96a, when Eadgar is said to have come to Caerleon on Usk (Brut y Tywysog., Gwentian, p. 28, in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X.) b Howel Dda died A.D. 950. Eadgar became King of Mercia A.D. 955, and of England A.D. 959 (958 Anglo-Sax. Chron.), being then sixteen years old. And the Gwentian Brut y Tywysog. (in Arch. Camb.), A.D. 958, names (correctly) Owen in lieu of Howel, and Ewyas and Ergyng as the disputed districts, and yet quotes the original of the document in the text as its authority. While another tradition, in the Iolo MSS. (pp. 69, 70, 456), asserts Gower to have been taken away from Morgan by Eadgar's judgment. The errors are in the original MS. of the Lib. Landav. (now at Owston near Doncaster), as well as in the copy from which Rees printed it. If the document be nevertheless genuine, it is the earliest record of the claim to extend the diocese of Llandaff, urged without success in the 12th century by Bishop Urban. This claim referred to three districts: 1. that between the Tywy and the Tawi, from Gower, Kidwelly, and Carnwyllion, on the coast, as far as to a line drawn from above Llandovery southwards and eastwards along the sources of the Usk, and by the Tawi and the Neath to the Taf near Merthyr Tydvil, one indeed not widely differing from the present west and south boundaries of Brecknockshire,-including thus most of Cantref Bychan and all east of the Tywi in Caermarthenshire, and reaching to Cantref Selyf and even Buallt in Brecknock; 2. that within a line from near Merthyr northwards across the Usk near Llandetty and below Brecon, and round to the northernmost point of Monmouthshire at the head of Llantony valley, including both Llantony itself and Crickhowel (which was built by Howel of Morganwg, father of Morgan, according to the Iolo MSS., p. 373), but apparently extended further north still by the document in the text and by Bishop Urban, so as to inclose all Ystradyw as far as to the Wye near Hay; 3. from the head of Llantony valley eastwards down a stream rising in the Cusop hill to the Dwr and southwards along the Dwr to its junction with the Worm or Gwormwy, inclosing the district of Ewyas in Herefordshire; and then turning sharply northeastwards up the Worm and down another small stream (called in the Lib. Landav. by the name of Taratyr) into the Wye below Hereford, and thence by the Wye to the Bristol Channel, adding thus A.D. 961. Marriage of Priests BRUT Y TYWYSOG., Gwentian, A.D. 961.-Yr un flwyddyn y bu the district of Ergyng or Archenfield between the Mynwy and the Wye; all, except Ergyng, assigned ultimately to S. David's, while Ergyng is in both county and diocese of Hereford (Lib. Landav. 126, 127, 374-376, with Rees's notes). Gower however is now made over to Llandaff, with all Monmouthshire, besides other changes. An earlier statement of boundaries (ib. 67, 126, 311) takes the limit from Cusop hill to the Wye at Mochros or Moccas, thus inclosing (as no doubt the Welsh diocese once did) all Herefordshire on the Welsh side of the Wye. From the mouth of the Taratyr on the Wye to the mouth of the Tywi," is the common brief description of the diocese in the Lib. Landav. 66 • The districts named (which omit the central district round Llandaff itself) are in order, Cantref Bychan (viz. according to Owen's map of Ancient Wales, and according to the places specified in the Lib. Landav. itself, the district round Llandovery); Gower, Kidwelly, and Carn. wyllion, along the shore from Tawi to Tywy, all (except Gower) in Caermarthenshire; Gorwennydd (see Iolo MSS. p. 398) and Penychen, both cantrefs of Glamorganshire; Gwentlwg, Edelygion, Gwentiscoed and Gwentuwchcoed, cantrefs of Gwent, and all in Monmouthshire, save that the last includes Ewyas and Ergyng (and Anergyng), both now in Herefordshire; lastly, Ystradyw in Brecknock. The last-named district and Ewyas are called, in the (italicized) Welsh words in the text, "the two real sleeves of Gwentuwchcoed," a phrase for which see Iolo MSS. pp. 23, 391; and Owen's Welsh map. Cantref Bychan, in the second list of Cantrefs and Commots in the Myvyr. Arch., lies close to Gower, Kidwelly, and Carnwyllion on the inland side: which would be a more probable locality than the other, did not the boundaries mentioned in the last note reach to the more northern cantref so called. See however Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, II. 114. d In a previous document it is asserted, that "Morcant Hen, filius Yugein, Rex Morcannuc, contemporaneus Etgari Regis Anglorum, reddidit ejusdem admonitione, et Dunstani Dorobernensis Ecclesiæ Archiepiscopi exhortatione, et commendatis literis, Gucauno Episcopo Landaviæ omnia territoria ejusdem Ecclesiæ et cum omni sua dignitate et privilegio liberas ab omni servitio per totam Gualliam" (Lib. Landav. 230). Eadgar however died 975, and Gwgan according to the Lib. Landar. was consecrated 982 (more probably, however, 972). .... still allowed in South Wales, etc. The same year Padarn Bishop of Llandaff died; and Rhodri son y [MARRIAGE OF PRIESTS, &c.] farw Padarn Escob Llan Daf, ac doded Rhodri ab Morgan Mawr yn ei le, a hynny o anfodd y Pab, ac achaws hynny ai gwenwynwyd ef, a doded ar yr offeiriaid na phriodynt heb fyned yng nghennad y Pab, ac o hynny y bu terfysc dirfawr ym mhlwyf Teilaw oni farnwyd yn oreu cennad priodas i'r offeiriaid. [p. 28, in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X.] A.D. 972. BRUT Y TYWYSOG., Gwentian.-Oed Crist 972, y bu farw Edgar Brenin y Saeson, yr hwn a wnaethai fonachlog Bangor Fawr, a llawer o fonachlogydd eraill, yng Nghymru a Lloegr. [ib. p. 32.] A.D. 975. BRUT Y TYWYSOG., Gwentian.-Oed Crist 975. Ydd aeth Dunwallawn Brenin Ystrad Clude i Rufain lle y cymmerth gorun. [ib.] of Morgan the Great was placed in his room, against the will of the Pope, on which account he was poisoned; and athe priests were enjoined not to marry without the leave of the Pope, on which account a great disturbance took place in the diocese of Teilaw, so that it was considered best to allow matrimony to the priests. [ib. p. 29.] A.D. 972. Edgar King of the Saxons died. He erected the monastery at Great Bangor, and many other monasteries in Wales and England. [ib. p. 33.] A.D. 975. Dunwallon King of Strathclydee went to Rome and took the tonsure. [ib.] A.D. 975. ANN. TIGERNACH.-Donaldus filius Hoani, Rex Britonum, (obiit) in peregrinatione. [O'Conor, II. 259.] 10th and beginning of 11th Centuries. [A.D. 929–1022?]. Acts of discipline attributed to Bishops of Llandaff as exercised upon Welsh Princesa. a Similar synodical censures and absolutions to those already mentioned pp. 125, 207, 208, are assigned also to Bishops of Llandaff in the 10th century.-viz. i. Excommunication of Llywerth son of Cadwgan King of Glamorgan by Bishop Gulfrid for wasting church lands (Lib. Landav. 212, 213; Wilkins, I. 198). ii. Of Nowi King of Gwent twice by Bishop Pater, once for violating sanctuary, the second time (A.D. 955 according to the document itself, which yet speaks of Howel as alive, who died A.D. 950) because six of his "family," in spite of the presence of Blegywryd (see above pp. 209,215,219), murdered a deacon before the altar (Lib. Landav. 208-211; Wilkins, I. 222, 223). iii. Of Arthfael King of Gwent by Bishop Gwgan (A.D. 982 according to Lib. Landar. 235) for fratricide (Lib. Landav. 233-235; Wilkins, I. 264). iv. And of Edwin King of Gwent by Bishop Bledri (A.D. 983-1022, Lib. Landav. 241) because one of his train wounded the Bishop in a fray (Lib. Landav. 239, 240). [SUBJECTION OF SOUTH WELSH SEES TO CANTERBURY.] See for the form of these documents, below under Bishop Herwald of Llandaff, A.D. 1056 x 1104. Bishop Libiau died in 929 (Lib. Landav. 230). Marchlwys, however, who must have succeeded him, was Bishop in 928 (if that is really the date of Howel Dda's laws), and died in 943 (Brut y Tywysog., Gwent.). Between him and Bishop Gwgan, who was consecrated 982 and died almost immediately (Lib. Landav. 235, 241), but whose consecration seems more pro bably dated in 972, comes Bishop Pater, who died 961 (Brut y Tywysog., Gwent.). And Bishop Gulfrid therefore must have immediately either preceded or (omitting Rhodri, for whom see above under A.D. 961) followed Pater; probably, from the names of the princes who were respectively their contemporaries, the former. But the dates of the Lib. Landav., and (although in a less degree) those of the Gwentian and other Chronicles, cannot be trusted. End of 10th century and beginning of 11th. Bishops of Llandaff from A.D. 972 (?), and some Bishops of S. David's from A.D. 995, alleged to have been consecrated by the Archbishops of Canterbury. I. LIB. LANDAV. i. Dccccmo.LXXX°.11°.a incarnationis Domini anno, Gucaunus ii. Dcccc.I.XXXIII. annob, electione facta regum Morcannuc, a [SUBJECTION OF SOUTH WELSH SEES TO CANTERBURY.] et Regum Britanniæ, Regis videlicet Riderch regnantis per II. ROT. CANTUAR. ECCLES. [ap. Godwin ed. Richardson, in notis. III. R. DE DICETO, Abbrev. Chron.-A.D. 994. Siricio Doro- ID. ib.-A.D. 1020. Livingus Doroberniæ Archiepiscopus obiit; cui Ethelnothusf...... successit. Hic Joseph Episcopum Landaviæ et Bleduc Episcopum Sancti David Cantuariæ consecravit. [Twysd. 467.] Possibly DCCCCLXXII. Eadgar died A.D. 975; Brihthelm Bishop of Wells, 973; and Ælfwold Bishop of Sherborne, 978. b Possibly DCCCcco.xcmo, and for Ælfric, read Siric. The former succeeded the latter as Archbishop of Canterbury in 995, and died 1005. © A.D. 1022 was the 15th, not the first, year of a 19 years' cycle. And Ethelnoth was at Rome in the very week here specified, viz. on "the Nones of October," 1022 (Anglo-Sax. Chron.). And Joseph died at Rome (Ann. Camb., Brut y Tywysog.) in 1043, or perhaps 1046 (ib.). The computation in the text gives 1046. d The same chronicler in his MS. Hist. of Bishops (Arundel 220), attributes to Siric (A.D. 990-994) the consecrations here (apparently) assigned to Elfric (A.D. 995–1005). Elvod is mentioned by no one else: although the name occurs at a much earlier date in the lists of the Bishops of S. David's. Tramerin can hardly be identified with the Bishop of S. David's of that name who died A.D. 1055 (see below), and between whom and A.D. 1005 (the date of Ælfric's death) at least two Bishops of the see had intervened according to the Ann. Cambr. The existence of two Bishops so named within the years 995-1005, is however not excluded by the notices of Bishops of S. David's in the Ann. Camb. and But y Tywysog.; nor even by the lists in Giraldus or Godwin, otherwise than that these lists give different names. Archbishop A.D. 1020-1038. "Bledud Episcopus Menevensis" died A.D. 1071 (Ann. Camb.), and the last previous record of the death of a Bishop of S. David's (Joseph) is A.D. 1064 (ib.) or 10h1 (Brut y Tywysog.). Morganwg and Erwyn appear as Bishops of S. David's during Æthelnoth's archiepiscopate. 8 It will be seen that the dates in the above statements (which stand as above in the original MS. of the Lib. Landar. also) are in hopeless inconsistency, especially as regards S. David's: and both the Llandaff and the Canterbury notices are suspicious. There is a similar heap of contradictions both in previous (above, pp. 208, 209) and subsequent (below, pp. 292, 293) years. A.D. 1022. Church Schools in Llandaff Diocese. A.D. 1022. BRUT Y TYWYSOG., A.D. 1023* ...... died Bledri Gwent.-Oed Crist 1023, bu Bishop of Teilaw, the first scho |