[THE LAST WELSH BISHOPS OF S. DAVID'S.] I. of the Psalter mentioned above, p. 189, note h, written by the same Jeuan, with verses by Rhyddmarch prefixed; 2. of the MS. of S. Aug., De Trinitate, above mentioned, by the same scribe, with his hexameters at the end of it, portions of which verses have been printed by Bishop Burgess (Durham 1812) from a half-burnt 16th century copy of them in the Cotton MSS. (Vitell. D. 7); they are printed in full in Appendix D. below, as being (except Gildas) one of the earliest extant compositions by a Welshman, bearing on Church matters, and of an ecclesiastical origin;-3. of Rhyddmarch's Life A.D. 1085. DOMESDAY BOOK, Herefordshire. — In Arcenefelde habet Rex tres ecclesias. Presbiteri harum ecclesiarum ferunt legationes Regis in Wales; et quisque eorum cantat pro Rege II. Missas una quaque ebdomada. Si quis eorum moritur, Rex habet de eo xx. solidos per consuetudinem. [Vol. I. p. 179. col. 2.] A.D. 1086. ANN. MENEV.-Scrinium Sancti David de ecclesia sua furatur, et juxta civitatem ex toto spoliatur. [ap. Wharton, A. S., II. 649. A.D. 1088 Ann. Camb. and Brut ed. Williams.] A.D. 1092. Herveus a Bréton consecrated to Bangor by the Archbishop of York (vacante sede Cantuar.), apparently not appointed by election of the King of Gwynedd. STUBBS, Act. Pontif. Ebor.-Thomas Archiepiscopus [Ebor.a] ordinavit Episcopos Herveum Bangorensem. [Twysd. 1707.] ...... Lanfranc of Canterbury died 1089, and Anselm was consecrated 1093. The Professions of two other Bishops consecrated by Thomas, in 1091, are on the Canterbury Rolls. That of Herveus is not. Herveus was a Bréton by nation (Ord. Vital., H. E. XIII.; vol. IV. p. 312. ed. Le Prevost 1852), was in favour with William Rufus, and became confessor to Henry I. (R. de Diceto, De Præsul. Angl., MSS. Arundel 220). See below under A.D. 1109. A.D. 1093 × 1104. Herwald (the Welsh) Bishop of Llandaff placed under an interdict by Archbishop Anselma. ANSELM, ARCH. CANT., to Ralph Abbat of Séez.-Dominis et fratribus carissimis, Reverendo Abbati Sagiensi Rodulfo, et aliis servis Dei sub illo commanentibus, Frater Anselmus vocatus Archiepiscopus; ad altiora virtutum et monachici propositi semper proficere, et nunquam deficere. De fratre illo quem dicitis esse ordinatum a quodam Episcopo, qui a nobis est interdictus, hoc respondeo; quia si ordinatus est ab Episcopo de Walis qui vocatur Herewardus, nec illis [JURISDICTION CLAIMED BY CANTERBURY OVER WELSH SEES.] ordinibus, quos ab illo accepit, nostra concessione aliquando utetur, nec ab ullo Episcopo reordinari debet. * * * *. [S. Anselm. Epist. III. 23; Opp. p. 374 a. ed. Gerberon.] Ralph abbat of Séez in Normandy 1089 (Gerberon, ad loc. Anselm.) to 1109, Bishop of Rochester 1109, Archbishop of Canterbury 1114, was in England at Shrewsbury in 1102 (Eadmer). Herwald was Bishop of Llandaff 1056–1104 (Lib. Landav. 268; Brut y Tywysog., Gwent., p. 88: he died at the age of one hundred, Ann. de Margan); and Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury 1093-1109. A.D. 1095. Wilfrida (or Gryffydd) Bishop of S. David's restored EADMER, Hist. Nov. II.—[A.D. 1095, in quadam ecclesiolab, Anselmus Archiepiscopus Cantuar.] Vilfrido Episcopo S. David de Gualis, qui vulgo Dewi vocatur, ipsa hora reddidit Episcopale officium; a quo, exigente culpa ejus, jam antea ipsemet illum suspenderat. [ed. Selden, p. 34.] Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury to the Earl of Shrewsbury and others. ANSELMUS Roberto Comiti, et fratri ejus Ernulfo Comiti, et Radulfo de Mortuo Mari, et Philippo de Brajosa, et Bernardo de Novo Mercato, et aliisc [probably A.D. 1095].—Anselmus Cantuariensis Archiepiscopus, Roberto Comiti, et fratri ejus Ernulfo Comiti, et Radulfo de Mortuo Mari, et Philippo de Brajosa, et Bernardo de Novo Mercato, et aliis qui terras habent in Episcopatu degentibus Vailfridi Episcopi, amicis et filiis in Deo carissimis; salutem et benedictionem Dei.-Quamvis vos ipsi solliciti esse debeatis de salute vestra, ad me tamen pertinet ut vos ad hoc quod vos decet coram Deo et animabus vestris expedit, excitem amica exhortatione, et invitem paterna admonitione. Precor itaque vos ut amicos, et consulendo moneo ut filios dilectos, quatenus dilecto Wilfrido Episcopo de Sancto David, propter honorem vestrum et propter religionem Christianam, omnem reverentiam et obedientiam quæ Episcopo in suo Episcopatu debetur cum amore exhibeatis, et quæcumque Episcopali dispositione fieri debent, ejus consilio faciatis. Sic enim vos ipsos ante Deum exaltabitis, si vos religiosa humilitate Episcopo vestro, sicut Deus ordinavit, subjeceritis. Sed si in aliquo vestro consilio opus habuerit, promptos vos ut Christianos bonos inveniat, quatenus Deus vobis in omnibus necessitatibus vestris subveniendo retribuat. Hoc quoque maxime moneo et consulo, quia vobis valde necessarium est si Deum non vultis offendere, ut si terras aut decimas aut ecclesias, aut aliquid quod ad Ecclesiam ejus ecclesiastica [JURISDICTION CLAIMED BY CANTERBURY OVER WELSH SEES.] rectitudine pertinet, tenetis;-ut reddere propter timorem Dei studiose curetis. Nam certum est quoniam qui Deum exhæredat vel Ecclesias Ejus in hac vita, si sine pœnitentia et emendatione moritur, a regno Dei exhæredatur in futura vita. Omnipotens Deus sic vos det hæc et alia bona in hoc sæculo operari, ut vos faciat de beata retributione in æternum gloriari. [S. Anselm. Epist. IV. 23; Opp. P. 433 a.] a Wilfrid or Geoffrey or Griffri (probably Gryffydd, as he was certainly a Welshman, Sim. Dun. ap. Twysd. 236) succeeded Sulien as Bishop 1083, but was displaced by Rhyddmarch (see above, p. 298), and remained in that position until Rhyddmarch's death, 1096 or 1098, probably the former date. It looks as if he had been consecrated independently of Canterbury, for which reason probably Anselm refused at first to recognise him. According to Giraldus (De Invect. II. 1, Opp. III. 49), "consecrabat alios Episcopos Walliæ, et consecratus fuit ab ipsis; convocabat synodos Episcoporum, appellabatur ad ipsum, et crucem sibi præferebat:" all which probably means no more than that he acted as Bishops of S. David's commonly had acted up to his time (viz. without any reference to Canterbury), at any rate during his first temporary Episcopate, until Rhyddmarch's party ejected him, the "suspension" by Anselm being merely a Norman gloss put upon the very different facts. Anselm's acceptance of him as Bishop in A.D. 1095 is consistent with his actual reestablishment at S. David's itself (plainly by Norman power) either in 1096 or in 1098, to whichever year we assign Rhyddmarch's death. Wilfrid himself died 1112 according to both Bruts (1115 or 1116 according to the Latin chronicles), and was succeeded by a Norman Bishop outright. See below under A.D. 1115. b On Anselm's way from Windsor to Canterbury, between May 20 and June 10. * • The persons addressed were the recent Norman conquerors and lords of a large part of Dyfed, Ceredigion, and Brecheiniog, viz. Rob. de Belesme, Earl of Shrewsbury, Arnulf of Montgomery, Ralph Mortimer, Philip Braiose, Bernard of Neufmarché, &c.: see Brut y Tywysog., Gwent., in an. 1088. One of them, Amulf, paid small regard to Anselm's request: his men, it appears, seized Wilfrid and kept him prisoner forty days (Capit. S. David. Eugenio Papa, A.D. 1145; ap. Gir. Camb., De Invect. II. 6, Opp. III. 37). PERIOD THE THIRD. FROM THE CLAIM OF JURISDICTION BY THE SEE OF CANTERBURY TO THE VISITATIONS OF ARCHBISHOP BALDWIN AS LEGATE, A.D. 1100-1188. [A.D. 1105 (Brut), 1106 and again 1113 (Brut Gwent.), 1107 (Ann. Camb.), Flemings established in Rhos in Pembrokeshire. A.D. 1107. See of Llandaff filled by a Norman nominee. A.D. 1109. The Bishop of Bangor driven from his see. A.D. 1111. Lands in Flint, Denbigh, and Anglesey (Tegeingl, Rhyvoniog, and Mona) confirmed to Hugh Earl of Chester by the Prince of Gwynedd (Brut Gwent.). A.D. 1114. Henry I. " subegit sibi Reges Walensium" (Ann. de Winton.). A.D. 1115. First Norman Bishop in Wales, viz. at S. David's. A.D. 1119-1133. Appeal to the Pope to determine the boundaries of the sees of Llandaff, A.D. 1120 and 1140. Further attempts by the Archbishop of Canterbury to force a Bishop A.D. 1135. The Bishop of S. David's first claims to be an Archbishop and Metropolitan. A.D. 1157. Henry II. " subjugavit sibi Gualenses" (Ann. de Winton.). Homage done (for the first time) by the Prince of Gwynedd (Owen) to the King of England A.D. 1163 (July 1, Woodstock). Homage done both by Owen, and by Rhys of South A.D. 1164-1169. North Welsh in successful revolt under Owen Gwynedd. A.D. 1177. Both South and North Welsh Princes, Rhys and David, do homage to Henry II., respectively at Gloucester and Oxford (Bened. Abbas, I. 162; Hoveden); and Rhys again in 1184 (Bened. Abbas, I. 314).—Norman Bishops again at both A.D. 1187. Archbishop Baldwin visits part of Wales as Papal legate. A.D. 1188. And preaches the Crusade, also as legate, throughout the whole of Wales.] A.D. 1107a (Aug. 11). Urban (probably a Welshman, but not elected like his predecessor by the Welsh princes), consecrated at Canterbury to the see of Llandaff, professes canonical obedience to the see of Canterbury. LIB. LANDAV.-Cessavit Episcopatus [of Llandaff, after Herwald's death] quatuor annis cum quinque mensibus et VII. diebus. Et millesimo centesimo VII. Incarnationis Dominicæ anno, sub eisdem [BISHOP OF LLANDAFF APPOINTED BY THE NORMAN KING.] principibus [sc. Henry I.], ab eodem metropolitano [sc. Anselm], et trigesimo secundo ætatis suæ anno, tertio idus mensis Augusti, Urbanus Landauensis Ecclesiæ archidiaconus consecratus est in Episcopum, Cantuariæ; presentibus Episcopis Angliæ, Girardo Eboraci metropolitano, Mauritio Lunduniensi, Windulfo Rofensi, Radulfo Cicestrensi, Roberto Linconiensi, Roberto Cestrensi, Herberto Noruiucensi, Radulfo Dunolmensi, Johanni Bathoniensi. [p. 268b.] P. R. C. A.D. 1107. Professio Urbani Clamorgatensis. Ego Urbanus electus et a te consecrandus Clamorgatensis Ecclesiæ antistes, quæ in Walis sita est, canonicam obedientiam tibi promitto, et omnibus successoribus tuis tibi canonice succedentibus, o Anselme, Sanctæ Dorobernensis Ecclesiæ Archiepiscope, et totius Britanniæ Primas. [Reg. Prior. et Convent. Cant. No. 1; and MSS. Cotton. Cleop. E. 1.] a In A.D. 1102, S. Magnus, son of Erlend Earl of the Orkneys, having been pressed by Magnus Barefoot first into an expedition against the Isles as far as Anglesey, and then into one against Ireland, escaped from the fleet, on the voyage, into Scotland to the King (Heimskringla, Saga of Magnus Barefoot, c. xxv. III. 226 Hafn. 1783, and V. S. Magni, c. viii. ap. Pinkerton, VV. SS. Scot. pp. 398, 399) Melkolfus (V. S. Magni), and remained in hiding, partly in Scotland, partly "apud Episcopum quemdam in Britannia" (ib.), until he became Earl of the Orkneys in 1103. Melkolfus must be meant for Malcolm Canmore, but Edgar was really King of Scotland in that year: see Grub, Eccl. Hist. of Scotland, I. 249. And "Britannia" may mean Cumbria or Strathclwyd. b So also, but omitting Maurice of London and Gundulf of Rochester, Eadm. H. N. IV. Robert Chester Robert Lichfield. And similarly Contin. Flor. Wig., Sim. Dun. 230, Gervas. 1660, Stubbs 1711, Hoveden 1107. See also Brut y Tywysog. (a. 1104, p. 80 ed. Williams" Worgan," i. e. Morgan), and Brut Gwent. (a. 1104, p. 88 in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X.-"Gwrvan"). If " Bishop Gwrgant," whose son Nicolas was made Bishop of Llandaff in 1150 (Brut y Tywysog. in an. 1147, p. 176 ed. Williams), is identical with Urban, then Urban was married as well as his predecessor and successor. He was apparently a Welshman, but not elected to the see by the Welsh princes. A.D. 1107 x 1112. Dispute raised by Urban of Llandaff against Wilfrid of S. David's respecting the boundaries of their diocesesa. a Mentioned in a Bull of Honorius II. of April 27, 1129 (Lib. Landav. 51, 52), which see below in its place. The controversy was settled by a Welsh jury against Urban. A.D. 1109. Herveus the (non-Welsh) Bishop of Bangor driven from his see. I. RICARDUS MONACHUS, Hist. Eliens.-Mittitur a Rege [Henrico] ad Elyense cœnobium Hervæus Pangornensis Episcopus a suo Episcopatu per violentiam ejectus, ut`ibi de rebus Ecclesiæ ad tempus sustentaretur donec Rex plenius deliberasset quid de eo esset facturus. Est autem Pangor monasterium in Walliis etc. ... Hic cum Episcopatu fungeretur Herveus, gentem efferam nimia austeritate tractabat; videns tantam in moribus eorum perversitatem, quam nemo facile |