[NON-WELSH BISHOP DRIVEN FROM BANGOR.]

posset tolerare. Unde, quod Episcopali timori nullam servabant reverentiam, gladium bis acutum ad eos domandos exercuit, nunc crebro anathemate nunc propinquorum et aliorum hominum eos coercens multitudine. Nec minor fuit eorum contra eum rebellio. Tanto periculo ei insistebant, ut fratrem ejus perimerent, simili modo eum punituri si possent in eum manus injicere. Expavit Episcopus ingruens infortunium, plurimisque suorum interfectis aut graviter vulneratis, videns quod anima sua quæreretur, ut congruos haberet defensores, ad Regis Angliæ confugit patrociniuma, utile sibi consecutus exsilium. [ap. Wharton, A. S., I. 679. And see also Sim. Dun. G. R. 232, R. de Diceto 501, Eadmer. Hist. Nov. IV. with Selden's note, Gul. Malm. G. P. A., IV. in fin., and Wharton, A. S., I. 678.]

Hervé "deseruerat Bancornensem locum, ubi intronizatus fuerat, pro penuria victualium,” according to Will. Malm., G. R. A., V. § 445 ; and "spe majorum divitiarum, causatus quod sibi et Walensibus non conveniret" (Id., G. P., IV. in fin.). He had sought, but failed, to be

Leaves Anselm

he thinks fit

about Hervé's translation.

translated to various sees, but especially to Lisieux A.D. 1107. As Bishop of Bangor he was at the Council of London Sept. 29, 1102, besides other places and times down to the consecration of Thomas Archbishop of York, June 27, 1109.

II. Paschal II. to Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury.

A.D. 1102, Dec. 12, Beneventum.-PASCHAL. II. ad Anto determine as selmum Arch. Cant.-- *** Gualensis Episcopi causam sacris omnino canonibus obviare non nescis. Cæterum quia inter barbaros barbarice et stolide promotus est, in tuæ Fraternitatis arbitrio ponimus; sic tamen ut de cætero in ea regione hujusmodi non præsumatur animadversio. * Datæ Beneventi II. Id. Decembris. [ap. Eadm. Hist. Nov. III., ed. Gerberon. p. 63, Wilkins I. 380, Mansi XX. 1060.]

translation of

sieux.

*

*

III. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury to Henry I. King of England. Refuses to assent A.D. 1106, Sept. 28 × 1107, Aug. 11a.—Anselm. Arch. to the proposed CANT. ad Henricum Anglorum Regem. - Suo carissimo Hervé to Li- domino Henrico, Dei gratia Anglorum Regi et Duci Northmannorum, Anselmus Archiepiscopus fidele servitium cum orationibus. Mandavit mihi Dignatio vestra per electum Wintoniensem, ut sibi scriberem utrum dominus Hervæus Episcopus Bancorensis possit constitui Episcopus in Ecclesia Luxoviensi. Hoc utique facile fieri non intelligo. Sicut enim nullus Episcopus sacrari debet alicui Ecclesiæ sine assensu et consilio Archiepiscopi et aliorum Episcoporum totius provinciæ, ita qui sacratus est Episcopus non potest constitui in alia provincia Episcopus canonice sine consilio et assensu Archiepiscopi et Episcoporum ejusdem provinciæ cum

[NON-WELSH BISHOP DRIVEN FROM BANGOR.]

auctoritate Apostolica, nec sine absolutione Archiepiscopi et Episcoporum provinciæ in qua sacratus est. Quæ absolutio fieri nequit sine magna et communi consideratione et consilio eorum, sine quibus consecrari (ut dixi) non potuit: et quamvis Episcopatus ejus ita videatur destructus, ut in eo manere non possit. Omnipotens Deus dirigat vos in hac et in aliis actionibus vestris. Amen. [S. Anselm. Epist. III. 126; Opp. p. 412.]

This letter must have been written after Sept. 28, 1106, the date of the battle of Tenchebrai, and before Aug. 11, 1107, the day of the consecration of the "elect" of Winchester (William de

Giffard), who brought the message to Anselm, to which the latter replies.

b For Luxoviensi read Lexoviensi (sc. Lisieux): v. Picard ad loc.

IV. Paschal II. to Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury.

Translate Hervé

A.D. 1108, Nov. 21 (Beneventum).-PASCHALIS EPIon the first op- SCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI, Venerabili Patri Anselmo portunity. Cantuariensi Episcopo, salutem et Apostolicam benedictionem. Novit Fraternitas tua quod sicut ex Apostolica sententia omnis pontifex ex hominibus assumptus pro hominibus in his quæ ad Deum sunt constituitur. Frater vester iste Herveius, quem vita et scientia commendant, ob barbarorum immanitates quas in fratres ejus et alios Christianos exercuerunt, in Ecclesia, in qua constitutus est, Episcopale officium adimplere non potuit. Ne igitur officium sibi injunctum infructuosum remaneat, Dilectioni tuæ mandamus, rogantes ut ei attentius provideas, et si quæ vacans Ecclesia eum vocaverit, ex Apostolica sedis authoritate in ea eum constituas, quatenus ibi Deo servire et Episcopale officium Domino largiente adimplere valeat: ne infructuoso silentio diu torpeat, qui vitæ cœlestis documenta in scientia et moribus portat. Interim autem in omnibus eum commendatum habeas, satis enim strenue et fideliter se apud nos in causis vestris studiosum exhibuit. Fraternitatem tuam incolumem per multa tempora virtus Divina custodiat. Dat. XI. cal. Decembris. [From Hist. Eliens., lib. III. c. 4; in Browne Willis, Bangor, Append. pp. 184, 185.]

Translate Hervé to any vacant

see.

V. Paschal II. to Henry I. King of England.

A.D. 1108, Nov. 21, Beneventum.-PASCHAL. II. ad Henricum Anglorum Regem.-Paschalis Episcopus servus servorum Dei etc. ***. Novit præterea Gloria vestra domnum Hervæum Episcopum, quem vita et scientia commendat non modica, nimia barbarorum ferocia et persecutione de sede sua expulsum, et multa fidelium fratrumque suorum cæde fuisse fugatum.

VOL. I.

X

[FIRST NORMAN BISHOP IN WALES.]

Cujus ut scientia fructum qui non periit afferre, et vita bonum valeat Dei populo exemplum præbere; volumus et rogamus, si qua eum apud vos vacans Ecclesia vocaverit, ibi auctoritate Apostolica constituatur, ne infructuoso diu silentio torpeat qui vitæ cœlestis documenta in scientia et moribus portat .... Dat. XI. kal. Decembrisa. [In Selden ad Eadm. H. N. IV. p. 210, from Hist. Eliens.]

a Dated 1108 by Jaffé; and certainly of same date with the preceding letter. See also Wharton, A. S., I. 679. Herveus was translated to the new see of Ely after June 27, 1109 (Eadm. Hist. Nov. IV.), Anselm having died

April 21 of that year; but the latter had consented to the new see although hardly to the new Bishop (Eadm. Hist. Nov. IV. pp. 95, 96, 104; Anselm. Epist. III. 182).

A.D. 1111. Ewenny Abbey founded by William de Londres (Brut, Gwent.; and Dugd. Mon. IV. 523); before 1112, Kidwelly by Roger Bishop of Salisbury (Dugd. ib. IV. 65, No. 1); and 1113, Goldclive by Robert de Candos (Id. ib. VI. 1021); preceded apparently by a few years by the (also Norman) foundations of Pembroke (or Monkton), S. Dogmael's, and Brecon, respectively by Arnulf of Montgomery, Martin of Tours, and Bernard of Neuf-Marché (Id. ib. III. 259, IV. 128, 320).

A.D. 1115, Sept. 19. Bernarda Bishop of S. David's (the first Norman prelate in Wales), appointed by Henry I. and consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury, professes canonical obedience to that see.

I. EADM., Hist. Nov. V.-Clerici Meneuwensis Ecclesiæ, quæ sub patrocinio beati Andreæ et Sancti David in Walis fundata consistit, Episcopum sibi defuncto Episcopo suo Wilfrido a Rege Henrico postulavere et electus est in hoc opus Bernardus quidam, capellanus reginæ, vir probus et multorum judicio sacerdotio dignus. Electus est autem Sabbato jejunii septimi mensis [apparently Sept. 18], et eodem die ad presbyteratum a Wentano Episcopo Willhelmo apud Suthwercham consecratus. De promotione vero pontificatus, quam mox in crastino fieri et Rex et alii plures optabant, cum ubi aptius fieri posset disquireretur, intulit Robertus Comes de Mellento supervacue de loco dubitari, dum constaret Episcopum tali eventu electum ex consuetudine in capella Regis debere sacrari, et hoc se probaturum si opus esset pronuntiat. Quod non æquum hominis dictum pater Radulfus parato animo ferre non valens, dixit eum. hujusmodi allegatione leviter posse efficere, ut nec ibi nec alibi, nisi

[FIRST NORMAN BISHOP IN WALES.]

Sciret tamen

Cantuariæ, pro quavis causa pontifex idem sacraretur. Comes ipse, quia, postquam de capella tantum Regis dixit, nulla ratione se illum inibi consecraturum. Ad quæ Rex, ad Comitem versus, Nihil est, inquit, quod intendis. Nec enim ego aut quilibet alter potest Episcopum Cantuariensem aliquo modo constringere ut Episcopos Britanniæ alibi consecret quam velit ipse. Quapropter viderit: suum est: consecret Episcopum suum ubi voluerit. Proposuit itaque illum in ecclesia hospitii sui apud Lambetam consecrare; verum quia ipsi officio regina interesse volebat, postulatus ab ea sacravit ipsum in ecclesia beati Petri Westmonasterii XIII. Kal. Octobris [Sept. 19], accepta ab eo solita professione de subjectione et obedientia Ecclesiæ Cantuariensi et Episcopis ejus exhibenda. Huic consecrationi interfuerunt et cooperatores extiterunt suffraganei Ecclesiæ Cantuariensis, Episcopi videlicet hii, Willielmus Wintoniensis, Robertus Lincoliensis, Rogerius Serberiensis [Salisbury], Johannes Bathoniensis, Vrbanus Glamorgacensis, Gilebertus Lumniensis [Limerick] de Hibernia. [pp. 116, 117. So also Flor. Wig. a. 1115, and Gervas. 1660.]

II. P. R. C. A.D. 1115.-Professio Bernardi Walensis Episcopi. Ego Bernardus Ecclesiæ Sancti Andreæ et Sancti David, quæ in Guualis est, electus, et a te, Reverende Pater Radulfe, sancte Cantuariensis Ecclesie Archiepiscope et totius Britanniæ primas, antistes consecrandus, tibi et omnibus successoribus tuis tibi canonice succedentibus debitam et canonicam obedientiam et subjectionem me exhibiturum fore profiteor. [Reg. Prior. et Convent. Cant. 1; and MSS. Cotton. Cleop. E. 1.

III. BRUT Y TYWYSOG., Gwent., A.D. 1112.-Yr un flwyddyn y bu farw Griffri Escob Dewi; ac y gwnaeth y Brenin wr a elwid Berned Norman yn Escob yn ei le heb na chennad na chyfarch ysgolheigion y Cymry; ac yna colles Escob Dewi ei fraint ac ai dug Escob Caint. [p. 96. in Arch. Camb., 3rd Series, X.-See also the Brut, ed. Williams, in a. 1112, p. 118.]

The same year Grifri, Bishop of S. David's, died, and the King made a person called Bernard, a Norman, Bishop in his room, without the leave of or asking the Welsh scholars; by which the Bishop of S. David's lost his privilege, which was taken by the Bishop of Canterbury. [ib. p. 97.]

[CHAPTER ORGANIZED at 8. David's.]

a "Primus Francorum," according to Gir. Camb. (Itin. Camb. II. 1, p. 856), and “primus ad hanc sedem Regia potestate translatus" (Id. De Jure et Statu Menev. Eccl. Dist. II. Opp. III. 152), and "reclamantibus clero Ecclesiæ et populo nec non et ipso quoad licuit electo" (Id. De Invect. II. 1, Opp. III. 49). Usque ad illum (Wilfridum) Episcopi extiterunt Brittonnici" (Sim. Dun., Twysd. 236; and Flor. Wig. in an. 1115). See also the Annal. Menev, ap. Wharton, A. S. II. 649. The "Welsh scholars"

are said (Jones and Freeman, St. David's) to have elected Daniel brother of Bishop Rhyddmarch, and son of Bishop Sulien, to succeed Wilfrid (who died apparently in 1112, Brut y Tywysog. in an.), the same who appears in the Brut y Tywysog. A.D. 1124 (1130 Brut Gwent.) as " arbitrator between Gwynedd and Powys," and as Archdiagon Powys"=" Archdeacon of Powys" (pp. 152,154, ed. Williams), and who died that year; but according to the Ann. Menev. ap. Wharton, and the Ann. Camb., A.D. 1127.

A.D. 1114 × 1123a. Wales and Ireland claimed as within the Province of Canterbury.

GUL. MALM., G. R. A., III.—Eboracensis Archiepiscopus habebat omnes trans Humbram Episcopos suæ ditioni subjectos, · et omnes Episcopos Scotia et Orcadum; sicut Cantuariensis habet Episcopos Hiberniæ et Walarum. [Also in App. ad Flor. Wig. Chron.]

The date conjecturally assigned to this work of Will. Malm.: see Hardy's Preface to his Works. But the assertion was hardly more true of Wales than of Scotland. Urban of Llandaff 1107, and Bernard of S. David's II 15, appear continually as suffragans of Canterbury both at consecrations and at councils (see e. g. Eadmer passim), being the first Bishops of Welsh sees who

did so, and the first also whose Professions appear on the Profession Rolls of Canterbury. But the attempt to impose Bishop Herveus upon Bangor had failed; the see of S. Asaph was vacant, and had never been occupied by a Norman nominee; and Bernard himself after some years strove to throw off subjection.

A.D. 1115 × 1148. Bishop Bernard establishes a body of Canons (but without a Dean) at S. David's a.

GIR. CAMB., De Jure et Statu Eccl. Menev., Dist. II.-Menevensem enim Ecclesiam rudem hic (Bernardus) prorsus et inordinatam invenit. Clerici namque loci illius, qui Glaswyr [=Eglwyswyr], id est, Viri Ecclesiastici, vocabantur, barbaris ritibus absque ordine et regula Ecclesiæ bonis enormiter incumbebant. Canonicos hic igitur primus instituit, et canonicas quanquam miseras nimis et minutas, utpote plus militaris in multis quam clericalis existens, ordinavit. [Opp. III. 153, 154.]

a See above, p. 295, note b.-" Mox Papa quæsivit, utrum Decanum haberet Menevensis Ecclesia. Et cum responderet Giraldus quod personas non habebat Ecclesia illa præter Archidiaconos quatuor" etc. (Gir. Camb., De Jure et Statu Menev. Eccl., Dist. II. Opp. III. 184,

writing of A.D. 1200.)

b The same Bishop, while "militaribus officiis," instituted by him, "X. terræ carucatas, XX. vel XXX., largiretur," endowed his canonries with one, two, or three, except one (given to his nephew) to which he gave XX. (Gir. Camb., îb.)