XVII. Kal. Decembr. In Britannia natalis sancti Machuti Episcopi, qui a primævo ætatis suæ tyrocinio miraculis emicuit. III. Non. Decembr. Curiæ in Germania sancti Lucii Britannorum regis, qui primus ex iis regibus Christi fidem suscepit, tempore Eleutherii Papa. Idus Decembr. In pago Pontinob sancti Judoci confessoris. Of other and minor MARTYROLOGIES, the M. Gellonense (ap. D'Achery, Spicil. II. 25. Baluz.) c. A.D. 804, and the M. Wandelberti (ib. 39) A.D. 842, and of those in the Actt. SS. Jun. tom. VII., the MM. Richenoviense, Augustanum, Labbeanum, and Reg. Suecia, commemorate Augulus (Agulus M. G., Augulius M. Aug., Agabus M. L.) VII. Id. Febr., S. Patrick XVI. Kal. April., and S. Alban (Alpinæ, M. R.a) X. Kal. Jul. The MM. Gellon. and Labb. also add Samson on V. Kal. August. And the M. Rich.,“ XII. Kal. Jun., in Brittania Timothei diaconi." The M. Corbeiense (Actt. SS. as above), and the M. Corbeiense and M. Morbacense in Martene and Durand (Thesaur. III. 1563 sq.), commemorate Augulus (Aygulus M. M.) and S. Patrick on the usual days; but the first two add also Faustinus XIV. Kal. Mart., and Timotheus diaconus XII. Kal. Jun., both as in Britain; and the M. Morb. adds, "V. (Cal. Aug.) Britannia Sansonis." Of the Martyrologies printed by Georgius in his edit. of Ado (Paris 1745), the M. Fuldense and the M. Ottobonianum, and the Kalend. Monastico-Necrologicum ex MS. Murensi, 11th century, in Gerbert (Monum. Vet. Lit. Alemann. II. 492),-commemorate Augulus, S. Patrick, and S. Alban, on the usual days; but M. Ottob. adds, "V. Kal. Aug., in Britannia nat. sancti Samson," and, " XV. Kal. Oct., in Britannia Socratis et Stephani;” and M. Fuld. has also Moyses VII. Id. Feb., in addition to Augulus. The M. Autissiodorense (Martene et Durand. Ampl. Coll. VI. 685), c. 12th century, has Augulus, S. Alban, S. Samson, and Socrates and Stephanus, on the usual days, S. Patrick XIV. Cal. April., and “ III. Id. Julii, in Britannia minori natale S. Thuriavi Episcopi et confessoris.” The Martyrol. Rhenaug. “ supplet. ex SanGallensi sec. X. circ." (Gerbert, as above, p. 455), and the Kalendaria (six in fin. Adon. ed. Georg., and K. Verdinense in Martene et Durand. Ampl. Coll. VI. 679, one from Corbey in D'Achery, Spicil. II. 64. c. A.D. 826, and a Kalendarium of the 9th century in Gerbert as above, p. 469), mention generally SS. Patrick or Alban only, but the K. Palatino-Vatic. (in fin. Adon.) has also Augulus; while both of the documents in Gerbert, and four of the other six which mention him, assign S. Alban to XI. Kal. Jul. instead of X. Kal. Jul., and one of the Kalendars also antedates S. Patrick to XVII. Kal. April. The Kalend. Lyrense (Mart. et Durand. Thesaur. III. 1605) has S. "Augulius" on the usual day, and “XI. Kal. (Julii) S. Albani b martyris, X. Kal. (Julii) S. Albini confessoris." S. Alban (Albinus) is commemorated X. Kal. Jul. in the fragment of the M. Turonense (Mart. et Durand. Thesaur. ib. 1587); and S. Patrick, XVI. Kal. April., is in both the entire and the fragmentary Kalendars of the abbey of Corbey in the same collection (ib. 1592, 1597); the former of which has also S. Winoc, VIII. Id. Nov. Lastly, the Libellus Annalis Dom. Beda Presbyt. (Mart. et Durand. Ampl. Coll. VI. 637) has, " Feb., VII. Idus, Natale S. Auguli Episcopi et martyris," "Mart., XVI. Cal. (April.), Natale S. Patricii Episcopi," "Jun., XI. Cal. (Jul.), Natale S. Albini Martyris," and, " X. Cal. (Jul.) S.Albani Martyris." Of Saxon Calendars, one, c. A.D. 940 (Bodl. Jun. 27), contains Patrick and (last day of January, apparently) Gildas; another, 11th cent. (Bodl. Jun. 99), has Patrick, Petroc, Alban, and Judoc; two copies of the first of the three in Hampson's Med. Evi Kalend. (I. 398. Lond. 1841), 10th or 11th cent., have Patrick only, and the third also Gildas, the latter on Jan. 29; the second Calendar of the three (ib. 421) has Patrick, Petroc, and Alban; the third (ib. 434), Alban only: all on the usual days. a "Cum DCCCCLXXXVIII." M. Aug."Cum octingentis octoginta octo.' " M. Gell., M. Labb., and M. Autissiod. But" DCCCLXXIX," M. Wand. And the usual account of his death is added in M. Reg. Sueciæ. b S. Alban of Mentz; see Ussher, V. 179. Elrington. LEGENDARY LIVES are extant of the following British saints A. D. 200— 450a. A.D. 200-300. Vita S. Mellonis, Episcopi et confessoris [Bishop of A.D. 300-400. Vita S. Albani, martyris, auct. Gulielmo Monacho Albanensi (end of 12th century): Actt. SS. Jun. 22. IV. 149, abbrev. in Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 6:-founded upon Bæda, whose authorities are i. Gildas, ii. certain Acta otherwise unknown. The story in Matt. Paris. (Vitæ Abbat. S. Alban., in Vita Eadmar., p.994. Wats) of a British Life of S. Alban, discovered at S. Alban's, and decyphered by a monk Unwona, refers itself to the 10th century, but will not bear examination. Other Lives, later than that by William of S. Alban's, are catalogued by Hardy, Descript. Catal. I. 4—34. Vita S. Amphibali, martyris: Capgr., N. L. A., fol. 13. The Acts of S. Amphibalus, who owes his name to Geoffrey of Monmouth, are usually mixed up with those of S. Alban. He has been supposed to have been invented out of S. Alban's cloak (amphibalus). A.D. 400-450. CUMBRIA. Vita S. Niniæ vel Niniani, Episcopi, auct. Ailred. Rieval. (12th century): ap. Pinkerton, VV. SS. Scotia, 1; abridged in Capgr. N.L.A. fol. 241. Vitæ S. Patricii (ap. Colgan, Trias Thaumat. etc., and see Todd's S. Patrick, Hardy's Descript. Catal. I. 62-84, and below under the Irish Church) containing also the legendary accounts of S. Palladius. DAMNONIA. Vita S. Meliori vel Melori, martyris (among already Christian Cornish, A.D. 411): Capgr. N.L.A., fol. 229; Actt. SS. Jan. 3. I. 136,—an Ambresbury legend of the 11th century, "incertum" even to Will. Malm. (G. P. II.). Acta S. Fingaris vel Guigneri, S. Piala virginis, et Sociorum, martyrum in Britannia, auct. S. Anselm. Cantuar. (spurious): Irish disciples of S. Patrick, martyred in still Pagan Cornwall, A.D. 450 Bolland., 460 Ussher: Actt. SS. Mart. 23. III. 456; Migne, Patrol. clix. 326. WALES. Vita S. Carantoci (Carannog or Cernach), confessoris (hermit 'in Ceredigion, who followed S. Patrick to Ireland): Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 56; Actt. SS. Mai. 16. III. 585; Cambro-Brit. SS. 97. Vita S. Clitauci, regis et martyris (c. A.D. 450): Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 59; Actt. SS. Aug. 19. III. 733. See also Lib. Landav. 183–188. a The Empress Helena (Life by Jocelin of Furness, and another in Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 173) was not a Briton. S. Keby belongs to the 6th century, his connection with S. Hilary being a manifest fiction. S. Gudwal (Actt. SS. Jun. 6. I. 728, and Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 167), attributed sometimes to the middle of the 4th (Smith ad Martyrol. Bæd.), must have belonged, if he had ever existed, to the 7th or 8th century. The fable of Ursula and the 11,000 Virgins (Capgr., N.L.A., fol. 316) hardly deserves notice. It is referred by Sigebert to A.D. 453 The MSS. authorities for all the above legendary Lives are catalogued by Hardy, Descriptive Catal. &c. Lond. 1863. APPENDIX C. MONUMENTAL REMAINS OF THE BRITISH CHURCH DURING THE ROMAN PERIOD. 1. CHURCHES.-[Gildas XVIII.—Renovant (Britones) ecclesias1 ad solum usque destructas; basilicas sanctorum martyrum fundant, construunt, perficiunt, ac velut victricia signa passim propalant :-a passage borrowed from Eusebius, but testifying at least to the general existence of churches in later Roman Britain. On the other hand, these churches were commonly of a perishable kind.-Ecclesiam,...more Scottorum, non de lapide sed de robore secto totam composuit 3 (Bæd. H. E. III. 25). And, Ecclesiam de lapide, insolito Brittonibus more, fecerit Nynia 4 (Id. ib. 4; and see Ib. II. 14, and III. 23). And so also the traditional account of the original church at Glastonbury, Quandam capellam, inferius per circuitum virgis torquatis muros perficientes, consummaverunt (Will. Malm., Antiq. Glaston.).] a. Churches recorded to have existed. i. At Canterbury. — S. Martin's-Erat autem prope ipsam civitatem ad orientem ecclesia in honorem Sancti Martini antiquitus facta, dum adhuc Romani Brittaniam incolerent (Bad. H. E. I. 26,-writing of A. D. 597). The church may have been dedicated to S. Martin if built after A. D. 400. ii. Also at Canterbury.-S. Saviour's (now the Cathedral)-Recuperavit (Augustinus) in ea (regia civitate Doruverni) ecclesiam, quam inibi antiquo Romanorum fidelium opere factam fuisse didicerat, et eam in nomine Sancti Salvatoris Dei et Domini nostri Jesu Christi sacravit (Bæd. H. E. I. 33). iii. Near Verulam, over S. Alban's grave, destroyed before the time of Bede. Postea redeunte temporum Christianorum serenitate ecclesia est mirandi operis atque ejus martyris condigna exstructa (Bad. H. E. I. 7). iv. At Caerleon, two, dedicated respectively to Julius and Aaron, and a third, the "metropolitana totius Cambria" (Girald. Cambr., Itin. Cambr. I. 5). The last is identified by Geoffrey of Monmouth (IX. 12) with that dedicated to Aaron. Their existence is extremely questionable: but the Lib. Landav. p. 215 seems to indicate that there was a "territorium martyrum Julii et Aron at Caerleon during the ninth century. v. At Bangor Yscoed, near Chester.-Sunt certe adhuc (12th cent.) ibi tot semiruti parietes ecclesiarum, tantæ turbæ ruinarum, quantæ vix alibi (Will. Malm., G. P. IV.; and similarly, G. R. I. 3): confounding however, pos 1 Sc. after the Diocletian Persecution. 2 See however Petrie, Round Towers, I. 138-157. The Briton church at Landevennec was "lignea" (Vita IIda S. Winwaloei, in Actt. SS. Mart. 3. 1. 255)3 Sc. Aidanus in 652. 4 c. A.D. 401. sibly, the ruins of a Roman town (Bovium-so Smith, ad loc. Bad.) with those of a Britanno-Roman monastery, and certainly Bangor near Chester with Bangor the Bishop's see. Leland (Itin. V. 32) testifies that the ruins of Bangor Yscoed were partially visible in his time. vi. At Glastonbury. The story of the "vetusta ecclesia," at first "vergea ;" then covered by Paulinus of Rochester "ligneo tabulatu" and "plumbo a summo usque deorsum," and finally supplanted by the "major ecclesia" of King Ina (Will. Malm., Antiq. Glaston.), is sufficient evidence that the Saxons found a British church there when refounding the monastery. The West Saxons conquered the district A. D. 652 × 658 (Anglo-Sax. Chron.), being already Christians; and the monastery apparently was never destroyed. vii. At Whitherne in Galloway.-See above, under A. D. 401, S. Ninias. viii. Near Evesham.-Tradition, in the time of bishop Ecgwin (beginning of the 8th century), described the site of his monastery as ecclesiolam ab antiquo habentem ex opere forsitan Britannorum" (Will. Malm., G. P. IV.) B. Churches of which traces still exist. ix. At Dover, in the Castle, probably of fourth or fifth century (see Puckle's Church and Fortress of Dover Castle, 1864). x. At Richborough, in Kent, in the Roman camp, a ruin in the form of a cross on a platform of Roman work (Gough's Camden, I. 342; Roach Smith, Antiq. of Richborough, Reculver, and Lymne, pp. 43 sq. 1850), possibly the base of a chapel. xi. At Reculver, in Kent, an old chapel with Roman bricks (Nichols, Bibl. Topogr. Bril., I. 170); a Christian church in very early Saxon times, and probably also under the Britons (see Roach Smith, ib. p. 199). xii. At Lyminge in Kent, between Doruvernum (Canterbury) and Portus Lemanis (Lymne).—“There is great probability that a Christian church existed on the site of the present building (the church) in the Roman period. The Roman foundations discoverable at the south-east angle of the chancel, and under that part of the wall of the churchyard corresponding with it, and which, together with the remarkable half arch that intervenes, mark the site of the aquilonalis porticus,-the title of Basilica already given to it in the seventh century, and the fact that a Roman legion was regularly stationed at Lympne, give weight to this probability." And again,-" The Roman wall which was discovered while these sheets were in the press, has since been exposed, so far as it can be traced; disclosing the foundations of an apsidal building having an outer and inner wall, the (modern) church resting upon a portion of the former......remains of Roman work abound in the present church." Jenkins, Hist. of Ch. of Lyminge, 1859. xiii. At Brixworth in Northamptonshire." There seems little doubt that this church was originally a Roman basilica, probably of the fourth or fifth |