[DIOCESE OF BANGOR REFUSES SUBMISSION TO CANTERBURY.] rerum experientia docet, juvenes cito moriuntur et facile, sed impossibile est ut qui senes sunt, diu vivant. Ponamus autem ut senum contra morem vita diutius protendatur, certe vivendo deficiunt, et mors non intellecta sensim per universa membra corporis et sensus hebetatiores obrepit. Nam

Singula de nobis anni prædantur euntes,

et ipsas quibus ante gaudebamus voluptates eripiunt. Sed cum omnium tam justorum quam peccatorum finis sit unus et communis interitus, horum tamen et illorum gravis in ipsa morte differentia est. Si quidem pretiosa est in conspectu Dei mors sanctorum Ejus, quæ de miseria exeuntes ad æternam traducit gloriam; mors autem peccatorum est pessima, quæ prævaricatores legis impœnitentes trajicit in gehennam, ubi subter eos sternetur tinea, operimentum erunt vermes, et vermes quidem qui non moriuntur, sicut ignis non exstinguetur in sæcula. Quid ergo prodest, fili, si mundum lucretur quis. universum quem vix ad momentum poterit retinere, et hos cruciatus et præmia laborum animæ suæ acquirat? Quia vero te super omnes coetaneos tuos in gente tua extulit et honoravit misericors Dominus, in multa patientia te exspectans, et multis tam beneficiis quam periculis provocans, ad pœnitentiam Nobilitatem tuam rogamus, monemus, et exhortamur in Domino; et in remissionem peccatorum tibi injungimus, quatenus Apostolicum mandatum de relinquenda cognata tua et ordinatione Bangorensis Ecclesiæ benignius audias et diligentius exsequaris, ut fructum obedientiæ, quam salubriter exoptas, tibi et semini tuo cumulet et multiplicet Deus et temporaliter et in æterna retributione justorum. Alioquin dimittere non poterimus quin illud, prout nobis injunctum est, impleamus. Si cognatam tuam diligis, abundas opibus, quibus ei poteris utiliter et honeste providere: diligas ut cognatam, non ut uxorem, quia satis esse debet quod te Deus hactenus et Ecclesia Ejus in tam manifesta culpa et multo scandalo et pernicioso exemplo sustinuit delinquentem. Amodo enim tantum scandalum non poterit sustineri, et necesse est ut Ecclesia, suo diutius viduata pastore, proprium Episcopum recipiat, qui, auctore Domino, salutem procuret animarum. Valete. [S.Thom. Epist. CXCI.; III. 390.]

[DIOCESE OF BANGOR REFUSES SUBMISSION TO CANTERBURY.]

XVII. Archbishop Becket to Humbald Bishop of Ostia.

Complains of the
King.

A.D. 1169 a.

THOMAS CANTUARIENSIS ARCHIEPISCOPUS Ostiensi Episcopo Humbaldob. * * * * * * Ecce jam quinquennio possedit (Henricus) Episcopatum nostrum; item ...... Landavensis Ecclesiæ possessiones fere omnes distribuit militibus suis; Bangorensem, quæ jam fere decennio Episcopum non habuit, non patitur ordinari. [S. Thom. Epist. XLVII.; III. 120.]

a "Five years" from Becket's exile Nov. 1164, and "almost ten years" from Meurig's death 1161, makes the date of this to be 1169. The name of the Papal nominee (kept out certainly by Owen, hardly by Henry) is not recorded, and Bangor was vacant as regards a Canterbury Bishop (it may have had, and probably had, an Irish one) from 1161 to the consecration

of Guianus May 22, 1177: the "William," Prior of S. Augustine's at Bristol, who is sometimes inserted between Meurig and Guy, being merely a confusion with William of Llandaff 1186, called by Benedict Abbas and Hoveden (in an. 1184) William of " Bangor."

b Afterwards Pope Lucius III.

XVIII. Ordinance of Henry II. against favourers of Archbishop
Becket.

A.D. 1169. GERVAS., Chron. in an.-[After strict prohibitions respecting (among other things) leaving or entering the kingdom, introducing Bulls or letters, &c. to which all freeholders above fifteen were to swear,] Si quis Walensis clericus vel laicus applicuerit, nisi habeat litteras domini Regis de passagio suo, capiatur et custodiatur; et omnes Walenses, qui sunt in scolis in Anglia, eiciantur. [ap. Twysd. 1409.]

XIX. Archbishop Becket to his Suffragans.

A.D.1169. [Becket's circular letter to his suffragans, commanding them finally to issue sentences of interdict and threats of excommunication, throughout their dioceses, against Henry II., directs each of the English Bishops (with a slight variation in the case of Rochester) to enforce that interdict, "per totum Episcopatum vestrum in omnibus ecclesiis"-] David Menevensi vero, et Nicolao Landavensi, et Godefrido Lavenensi, sic,—per totam terram ejus [scil. Henrici] quæ in Episcopatu vestro est, in omnibus ecclesiis a. [S. Thom. Epist. CLVII.; III. 337-]

[WELSH PRELATES JOIN IN THE CORONATION OF PRINCE HENRY.]

A.D. 1170. Bishops of S. Asaph and of Llandaff and Archdeacon of S. Asaph suspended (among others) for joining in the coronation of Prince Henry.

I. Pope Alexander III. to Archbishop Becket.

A.D. 1170. Sept. 10. Verulis [Veroli].-ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS, etc. Thome Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo, etc. * * * * * * G[odefridum] Episcopum S. Asaph, mandati nostri contemptorem, et David Ecclesiæ ejusdem Archidiaconum, auctoritati et potestati tuæ relinquimus; ut tu, si durius aliquid in eos fuerit statuendum, de potestate tibi tradita remoto appellationis obstaculo exequaris. Nos vero, quod de pœna illorum a te canonice factum fuerit, auctore Domino, ratum et firmum habebimus. [S. Thom. Epist. CCXXX.; IV. 32, 34.]

II. Pope Alexander III. to the Bishops of London, etc.

A.D. 1170. Sept. 16. Ferentinum.-ALEXANDER PAPA Londoniensi, Saresberiensi, Exoniensi, Cestrensi, Roffensi, de S. Asaph, et Landavensi Episcopis. [Suspends them "ab omni Episcopali officio," for joining in the coronation of Henry II.'s son (June 16, 1170), “contra jura Cantuariensia. ... Datum Ferentini decimo sexto calendas Octobris."—[S. Thomæ Epist. CCLXXII.; IV. 82-85: and Wilk., I. 459, 460, ex Reg. Cant. A. fol. 14 a., and MS. Cott. Faust. B. i. 5 b.]

III. Pope Alexander III. to the Bishops of Chester, etc.

A.D. 1170. Nov. 24. Tusculanum.-ALEXANDER PAPA Cestrensi, Roffensi, et de S. Asaph, et Landaviensi, et Dunelmensi. [Becket is empowered to remit their suspension if they make due satisfaction to him. "Datum Tusculani octavo calendas Decembris."]-[S. Thoma Epist. CCLXXIII.; IV. 85-87: and in Wilk., I. 460, 461 (in part), ex Reg. Cant. A. fol. 14.]

A.D. 1170. Ystrad Marchell, or Valle Crucis in Montgomery, founded by the princes of Powys [Dugd. Mon. V. 636: and see Brut, ed. Williams, in an. 1186].

[BISHOP OF S. ASAPH RESIGNS HIS SEE.]

A.D. 1171, 1172. Henry II. at S. David's.

BRUT Y TYWYSOG.-A. 1171. A gwedy dyuot hyt y Ty Gwynn, clybot a wnaeth ryvynet y Brenhin y Vynywa y bererinaw, ac offrymaw a wnaeth y Brenhin ym Mynyw deu gappann cor o bali ar vedyr cantoryeit y wassanaethu Duw a Dewi. Ac offrymaw hefyt a wnaeth dyrneit o aryant amgylch dec swllt. [pp. 212, 214, ed. Williams.]

IB. A. 1172.-A duw Gwener y Croglith y doeth hyt ym Penuro, ac yno y trigyawd y Pasc hwnnw; a duw Llun Pasc yd ymdidanawd a Rys yn Talacharn ar y fford. Ac odyno yd aeth y Loeger. [pp. 216, 218, ed. Williams.]

a Henry was there both on his way to, and on his return from, Ireland [see, for the latter visit, Gir. Camb., Itin. Camb., II. 1, p. 857], where he landed Oct. 17, 1171, and whence he returned about Easter 1172—(“ redeuns de Hibernia XV. Cal. Maii” [April 17], Ann. Menev. in an. 1173, ap. Wharton, A. S., II. 649; and Ann. Camb., p. 54, ed. Williams). He had started from Pembroke on the feast of S. Calixtus (Oct. 14), but was delayed a day or two for the weather, and sailed Oct. 17, being Sunday, and 16 Cal. Decemb. (so in the Brut, but read Novemb.), but "Sabbato 17 Kal. Nov." according

And having come to the White House, he (Rhys) heard that the King (Henry II.) had gone to Meneviaa on a pilgrimage; and in Menevia the King made an offering of two choral capsb of velvet, intended for the singers in serving God and S. David; and he also offered a handful of silver, about ten shillings. [ib. 213, 215.]

And on Good Friday [Henry, returning from Ireland,] arrived at Pembroke: and there he remained during that Easter; on Easter Monday he had an interview with Rhys on the road at Talacharn; and from thence he went to England a. [ib. 217, 219.]

to Hoveden (in an.).

b Rather, copes; a present also more suitable for a royal donor. Each canon of Llandaff was required to present such a cope, value five marks (or else five marks to the fabric of the cathedral), on admission to his canonry (Ordin. 13th Century of Bishop and Chapter of Llandaff, at end of orig. MS. of Lib. Landav.).

• In 1172 Good Friday was April 14, and Easter Sunday April 16; and on the 17th, according to Ann. Menev., Henry paid the visit to S. David's mentioned by Giraldus.

A.D. 1175. May 18. Sunday before Ascension Day. Godfrey of S. Asaph resigns his See at the Council of Westminster.

BENEDICT. ABBAS, in Vita Henrici II.—In ipso autem concilio clerici Ecclesiæ Sancti Asaph petierunt a Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo [Richardo], ut in vi obedientiæ præciperet Godefrido Ecclesiæ Sancti Asaph Episcopo ad sedem Ecclesiæ suæ redire, cui præfuit pontificali

[BISHOP OF S. ASAPH RESIGNS HIS SEE.]

potentia, vel ut prædictus Archiepiscopus alium Episcopum loco ipsius Godefridi institueret. Ipse enim Godefridus Episcopatum suum deseruit, paupertate et Walensium infestatione compulsus. Veniensque in Angliam, a Christianissimo Rege Henrico benigne et honorifice susceptus est. Et tradidit ei Rex abbatiam Abendoniæ vacantem, in custodia, donec ad sedem propriam liberum haberet regressum. Itaque præfatus Cantuar. Archiepiscopus in ipso concilio ad instantiam prænominatorum clericorum, et admonitione Alexandri summi Pontificis, necnon et consilio venerabilium co-episcoporum suorum, convenit jam dictum Godefridum, ut in vi obedientiæ ad sedem propriam rediret, vel curam pastoralem, quæ sibi erat commissa, in manu ipsius libere et absolute resignaret. Ipse vero Godefridus, sperans quod Abbatia de Abbendonia quæ tradita fuerat ei ad custodiendum posset sibi remanere, Episcopatum suum, nullo cogente, resignavit in manum Cant. Archiepiscopi, et tradidit ei annulum suum et baculum pastoralem, et ipse Cantuar. privavit eum concessi ordinis dignitate et loco, et statuit loco ipsius et consecravit Magistrum Adam in Episcopum Sancti Asapha. [I. 90, 91, ed. Stubbs; and Wilk. I. 479 note. was the only Welsh Bishop present.]

See also Gervas. (Twysd. 1674) and Hoveden in an. The latter adds, that "Sic deceptus amisit utrumque, nam Rex dedit Episcopatum Sancti Asaf magistro Ada Walensi, et Abbatiam de Abbendona cuidam monacho." Adam, who was a canon of Paris-Parisiensis (Diceto 587, and see below under A.D. 1180), was consecrated

The "Episcopus de S. David"

Oct. 12, 1175 (R. de Diceto and Gervas. in Twysd. 587, 1432, 1674, and P. R. C.); and Godefridus, who had been presented in commendam to Abingdon Abbey Oct. 31, 1165, was turned out of that also July 11, 1175 (Chron. Abendon. II. 234, 293-v. Wharton). See above under A.D. 1164; and also under A.D. 1152, note.

A.D. 1175. Directions of Giraldus Archdeacon of Brecknock a to
bis Officials, Rural Chapters, and Clergy.

officials. Treat

Offer a mass for

Directions to his I. Officialibus suis.-Specialiter vobis super negotiis meis W. de Breuse and præ cæteris scribo, quia specialius vobis earundem præ his lady gently. cæteris curam commisi. In primis itaque vos obtestor, the late Archdea- et per fidem ac sacramenta mihi a vobis exhibita fircon of Worcester. miter adjuro, quatinus in his quæ Dei sunt, et quæ ad officium meum spectant, me fideliter erga Deum adquietetis, nulli justitiam ecclesiasticam denegantes, nihil cuiquam seu clerico seu laico per injuriam aut cupiditatem extorquentes. Omnia ex caritate proveniant et ad correctionem, non autem ex cupiditate ad exactionem. Nihil unquam simoniace, nihil turpiter et illicite ad opus meum accipiatis. Quod si feceritis, anathematis sententiam in