[A NON-WELSH BISHOP FORCED UPON THE CHAPTER OF S. DAVID'S.]

a David died May 8, 1176 (Gir. Camb., ib. 9; ib. p. 41), and the church of S. David had been "orbata pastore," only "paulo ante" the dispute at Keri (Id. as above). Peter the next Bishop of S. David's was not consecrated until Nov. 7, 1176. The district in dispute, which included the southern part of Montgomery and a large part of Radnorshire, was part of Powys Wenwynwyn, and probably enough had originally belonged to a North Wales Bishopric. The claim of S. Asaph however appears to have extended on this occasion into the deanery of

Arwystli near the sources of Wye and Severn; now an insulated part of Bangor diocese, but of which certainly one district (unless the locality designates the man and not the church) appears elsewhere in Giraldus (De J. et S. Menev. Eccl., Dist. VII., Opp. III. 349) as in S. David's during Geoffrey's Episcopate, 1203-1215. Even Giraldus in his claim specifies only three hundred years' prescription, which scarcely runs back to the times of the see of Llanbadarn. Keri, and the deanery of Elvael, are still in S. David's diocese.

A.D. 1176. Nov. 7.

Peter de Leia forced upon the Chapter of
S. David's as Bishop.

I. R. DE DICETO, Tmag. Histor.-Petrus Prior de Weneloc Menevensis electus, facta prius professione tam Ricardo Dorobernensi Archiepiscopo quam successoribus ejus canonice substituendis de canonica subjectione, Cantuariæ consecratus est a Gileberto Lundoniensi Episcopo, astantibus sibi Waltero Rofensi, Rogero Wigorniensi Episcopis, VII. id. Novembris. [ap. Twysden, 595.]

According to Giraldus Cambrensis, De Rebus a se Gestis, I. 9-11 (Opp. I. 41-44), the Chapter, without waiting for the King's Congé d'Eslire, nominated their own four Archdeacons (Giraldus being one), " ita ut quem illorum Rex vellet assumeret;" Giraldus however repudiated the nomination as respected himself, "cum in regno Anglicano neque nominatio fieri soleat nec electio, nisi Rege prius adito vel ejus Justiciario, et obitu Episcopi ei nunciato, suoque assensu requisito:" the King, when informed of the election, "statim canonicos omnes terris suis et redditibus destitui jussit;" and declared, after consultation with Archbishop Richard and his suffragans, that in spite of their advice he would have no relation of Welsh chiefs at S. David's; and, finally, "constitutis demum coram Rege canonicis apud Wintoniam, nominatus est eis et oblatus ex parte Regis monachus ordinis Cluniacensis, sc. Prior de Wenelac" [Wenlock].

II. P. R. C. b-Prof. Pet. Menev. Episcopi. Ego Petrus, Menev. Eccl. id est Sancti Davidis in Gualia etc. antistes, Cant. Ecclesie et Ricardo ejusdem Eccles. Archiepiscopo suisque successoribus canonice substituendis canonicam subjectionem et obedientiam me per omnia exhibiturum promitto, et per manum propriam signo crucis confirmo (Ista professio facta est absente Archiepiscopo).

[SUBJECTION OF WELSH SEES TO CANTERBURY.]

Prof. Pet. Menev. Episcopi.-Ego Petrus Menev. Episcopus Sancte Dorobernensi Ecclesie, tibique, Pater reverende Ricarde, tuisque successoribus canonice substituendis me per omnia canonicam obedientiam servaturum promitto, et propria manu confirmo

facta est in ejus præsentia c).

So also Gervas. in Twysd. 1434, 1674, and P. R. C. He was consecrated by Gilbert of London and others in the absence of Archbishop Richard (Gervas., and Gir. Camb. as quoted above).

b Giraldus affirms that in Peter's Profession, as well as David's, a clause was inserted whereby "super jure dignitatis Ecclesiæ Menevensis contra Cantuariensem non prosequendo

(Ista

sacramentum dedit" (as above, p. 44). Such a clause does not appear in the Profession Rolls. Peter himself was elected Archbishop of Canterbury by the Canterbury monks-" virum justum et bonum, Petrum Menevensem"-on the death of Archbishop Richard, but was set aside (Gervas. ap. Tuysd. 1675).

Made at the Council of London, March 1177 (Bened. Abb. I. 154).

A.D. 1177. May 22, at Amesbury, Bishop Guy consecrated
to Bangor.

BENED. ABB.-Eadem die ibidem [sc. XI. kal. Jun., at Ambresbiri], per consensum et voluntatem Regis, prædictus Archiepiscopus [Ricardus] consecravit Vidonem [or Guidonem],...electum in antistitem Pangorensis Ecclesiæ; qui ante consecrationem suam promisit prædicto Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo et successoribus suis canonicam obedientiam, et professionem suam ei scriptam tradidit coram prænominatis Episcopis, ministrantibus sibi in illo officio. [I. 165, 166. -R. de Diceto, ap. Twysd. 598, gives the "idus Maii" as the date. See also Gervas., ib. 1674; and Hoveden, in an. (and ap. Wilk. I. 485).]

A.D. 1177. Nicolas Bishop of Llandaff suspended by the Archbishop of Canterbury for interfering with the diocese of Salisbury.

R[ICARDUS] ARCHIEP. CANTUAR. ad Alexandrum III. Papam.—Sicut eminentiam Apostolicæ sedis magistram omnium Ecclesiarum profitemur; sic ab ipsa consilia in ambiguis, in angustiis solatia, responsa in judiciis, expectamus. Monasterium Malmisburiense, quod in Sarisberiensi diœcesi situm est, nuper sibi abbatem elegerat. Cumque Sarisberiensis Episcopus appellasset, atque ex parte vestra constanter inhibuisset electo, ne aliunde quam a se munus benedictionis acci

VOL. I.

C C

[S. DAVID'S CLAIM OF METROPOLITANSHIP.]

peret; ille nihilominus, occulte profectus in Wallias, ab Episcopo Landavensi clandestinam et furtivam benedictionem adeptus sibi abbatis officium usurpavit. Nos autem, querela Episcopi et veritate rei diligentius inquisita, suspendimus Wallensem Episcopum et abbatem, donec ad excusationem tanti excessus libertatis aut dignitatis privilegium allegarent. Partibus itaque in nostra præsentia constitutis, et Ecclesiarum privilegiis productis in medium, nihil invenimus quare Malmisburiense monasterium Episcopo Sarisberiensi subesse non debeat et humiliter obedire, etc. [Petri Blesens. Epist. LXVIII. pp. 101, 102, Paris 1667.]

A.D. 1179. March 5×19. Claim of S. David's renewed by the Chapter at the third (General) Lateran Council.

GIRALD. CAMB., De Invect. II. 1.-Anno a consecratione (Petri) quasi tertio, a lite contestata coram Hugutione quasi quinto, in Lateranensi Concilio a canonicis Ecclesiæ nostræ, jus Ecclesiæ suæ coram Papa Alexandro III. constanter in tanta audientia protestantibus, synodalis proclamatio facta fuit. Quamquam enim Episcopus noster in Concilio fuerit, propter sacramentum tamen ab ipso in consecratione extortum, de non prosequendo jure Ecclesiæ suæ contra Cantuariensem Ecclesiam (sicut a decessore suo David similiter extortum fuerat), nec ibi ab illo coram Hugutione, nec hic ab isto, sed per canonicos suos est proclamatum. [Opp. III. 50, 51: and see also De J. et S. Menev. Eccl., Prol. and Dist. II., ib. 109, 163, and De Reb. a se Gestis, II. 3, ib. I. 48, 49a.]

Because the Bishop, there present (see also D'Achery, Spicil. I. 639-the Bishop of S. Asaph was there as well), "nullam inde men

tionem fecit, negotium tunc non processit" (Id., ib.)

A.D. 1180. ANN. MENEV.-Ecclesia Menevensis diruitur, et novum opus inchoatur. [ap. Wharton, A. S. II. 649.]

A.D. 1180-1183. See of S. Asaph again vacant for two or three years.

BRUT Y TYWYSOG. a. 1180a.

Ac yna y bu uarw Adaf Escob Llanelyw yn Rytychen, ac y cladwyt y mywn manachlawc Osnei. [p. 230, ed. Williams.]

And then Adam, Bishop of Llanelwy, died at Oxford, and was buried in the monastery of Oseney. [ib. 231.]

[ARCHBISHOP BALDWIN'S

a According to Ann. Waverl., Theoksb., and others (Wharton, De Episc. Assav.), 1181. His successor John was not consecrated until July 3, 1183, at Angers (see Stubbs's Registr.). On his death however in 1186 (Ann. Waverl.), the next Bishop Reinerus was appointed at once (Gervas. ap. Twysd. 1678, P. R. C., &c., see

A.D. 1186. July. BRUT Y TYWYSOG.-Yny vlwydyn honno amgylch mis Gorffenna ydaeth cofeint Ystrat Flur y Redynawc Velen ygwyneda. [p. 232, ed. Williams.

LEGATINE VISITATIONS.]

Wharton, ib.). Adam, who is called " Anglus Peripateticus" by John of Salisbury, was the logician, Adam du Petit Pont (Hist. Litt. de France, XIV. 190), who defended his master Peter Lombard at the 3rd Lateran Council A.D. 1179 (D'Achery, Spicil. I. 639; Du Boulay, and Crevier, Hist. Univ. Par.).

In the same year, about the month of July, the convent of Strata Florida removed to Rhedynog Velen in Gwynedd a. [ib. P. 233.]

a i. e. founded the monastery of Aberconway, completed July 24, 1186 (Reg. de Abercon. ap. Dugd., Mon. V. 671).

A.D. 1186. Aug. 10. Lambeth. William of Saltmarsh consecrated to the see of Llandaff a by choice of the Chapter.

...

BENED. ABBAS.-In crastino vero [sc. Dec. 3, 1184] clerici Episcopatus de Bangor elegerunt sibi in Episcopum Willelmum Priorem de Bristol, Rege assensum præbente spontaneum. [I. 320.—Bishop Nicholas of Llandaff died July 6, 1183.]

GERVAS. [in Sept. an. 1185].-W. electo Landavensi. [ap. Twysd. 1477.]

R. DE DICETO, Ymag. Hist. [in a. 1186].-Willelmus etiam Prior ipsa die [sc. festo S. Laurentii, et apud Lameheith] consecratus est Episcopus Sancti Asaph [ap. Twysd. 630.]

a That William was not of S. Asaph, according to Diceto's blunder, is plain from the fact that Reiner was consecrated to that see just before in 1186 (P. R. C.), and held it until 1224. That he was not of Bangor, as Benedict (and after him Hoveden) says, is equally plain, because Guianus being consecrated in 1177, survived in 1188 (by Giraldus' express testimony), and indeed until 1190. That he was really of Llandaff, appears by the testimony of Ann. Waverl. and Gervas. and the P. R. C., and above all by the list of Bishops in the

A.D. 1187. Julya. Archbishop Baldwin visits Wales as Legate. GERVAS., Chron. in an. 1187.-Exinde assumpta legatione (Archiep.

[ARCHBISHOP BALDWIN'S LEGATINE VISITATIONS.]

Baldwinus) plures occidentales Angliæ visitavit Ecclesias, et usque in fines Walliæ elongatus est. [Twysd. 1497.]

a Baldwin was made Legate January 12, 1186. Upon June 23, 1187, he was at Shrewsbury on his way to Wales; shortly after he excommunicated two Canterbury monks, " longe positus legatione fungeretur in Guallia;"

cum

and a few days before August 11 he was at Canterbury, "rediens a legatione sua" (Epistt. Cantuar., Epistt. LXXX., LXXIV., and XCIII.: pp. 67, 61, and 76, ed. Stubbs; and see also the Calendar prefixed to the same volume).

A.D. 1188a. March, April. Archbishop Baldwin preaches the Crusade throughout Wales.

BROMPTON, Chron. in an. 1187.-Baldewinus Archiepiscopus (Cantuar.), crucis legatione fungens, Walliam intravit, et in cunctis. Cathedralibus ecclesiis ibidem, quod usque tunc visum non fuerat, missam indutus pontificalibus celebravit. [Twysd. 1148, 1149.]

GIR. CAMB., Itin. Cambr. II. 1.-De nullo vero Cantuariensi antistite legitur, vel post subjectionem istam [sc. of Welsh Church to English] vel ante, Cambriæ fines intrasse, præter Baldwinum solum, monachum, etc. ... qui legationis hujus occasione, et salutiferæ crucis obsequio, terram tam hyspidam, tam inaccessibilem et remotam, laudabili devotione circumivit, et in singulis Cathedralibus ecclesiis tanquam investituræ cujusdam signum missam celebravit. [p. 856. ed. Camd.]

a Baldwin took the cross at the Council of Gaitington or Geddington (near Northampton) Feb. 11, 1188 (Hoveden, in an. p. 642; Gervas. in Twysd. 1522). He entered Wales with Giraldus Cambr. (who also wrote an account of the journey) at Radnor, about Ash Wednesday, March 2, 1188 (see however Stubbs's note, Pref. to Epistt. Cantuar. p. lxiv.); passed southwards into Llandaff diocese by Hay, Llantony, Abergavenny, Caerleon, Monmouth; through Llandaff itself by Margan over the Neath into S. David's; by Gower and Kidwelly to Caermarthen, Whiteland, Haverfordwest (visiting the Flemish settlers in Rhos by the way), S. David's ; by Kemaes to S. Dogmael's, Llanddewi Brefi, Llanbadarn; over the Dewi into Bangor diocese, and by Tywyn, Llanfair Ardudwy (close to Harlech), to Newyn, Caernarvon, Bangor; whence he made an excursion into Anglesey and back then by Conway into S. Asaph diocese, to Rhuddlan and S. Asaph: then across the Dee to Chester, by Easter (April 17); whence he passed through Oswestry, Shrewsbury, &c. to Hereford, visiting parts of Powys by his way (Gir. Camb., Itin. Cambr., ed.

Camd.). Alexander Archdeacon of Bangor accompanied him as interpreter (Id. I. 5, p. 836.) At Radnor, certain "canonici Menevenses" strove in vain to persuade King Rhys, “ ut Archiepiscopum Cantuariensem (quoniam inauditum hoc hactenus fuerat) ad penitiores Walliarum partes, præcipue sedem Menevensem, quæ caput est Walliæ, accedere nullatenus sustineret ; dicentes et asserentes eo ipso, si processerit, præjudicium magnum, et gravamen in posterum, antiquæ dignitati suæ recuperandæ et metropolitana sedis honori posse proculdubio provenire" (Id. ib. I. 1, p. 821).

At Bangor, "missa in principali altari ab Archipræsule celebrata, sedis ejusdem antistes, cui nomen Guianus, a dextris altaris ad magnam tam Archiepiscopi quam aliorum plurium instantiam, et importunam magis quam persuasoriam, ad crucis susceptionem est compulsus, cum magna suorum in ipsa ecclesia lamentatione, miserabilique sub barbara quadam vociferatione utriusque sexus hominum tam clamore quam morore" (Id., ib. II. 6, p. 866). See also Gir. Cambr., De Reb. a se Gestis, II. 17-19; Opp. I. 73-78.