APPENDIX B.

SEPULCHRAL CHRISTIAN INSCRIPTIONS IN CORNWALL, A.D. 700-1000.

1. At S. Clere, in the churchyard, upon one of three stones, and surrounded by a rectangular sulcus.

DONIERTH ROGAVIT PRO ANIMA.

See for King Dumgarth or Dyvnerth, drowned A.D. 875, above, p. 675: and for the stone, Borlase, pp. 396, 397, and Blight. There is or was a cruciform chamber underground below the stones, and interlaced knotwork upon them.

2. At S. Blazey, upon a slender upright stone a.

ABRORON (on one side).—VILLICI

FILIUS (on the other).

a In letters of Saxon character: see Borlase, pp. 399-401.

3. Near Michel a ̧

RVANI HIC IACIT.

a Upon a stone in letters of like date to the last: Borlase, p. 401.

4. At Camborne ".

LEUIUT IUSIT HEC ALTARE PRO ANIMA SVA.

a Upon a flat altar-stone in letters of like character to No. 2: Borlase.

5. At Lanteglos near Camelforda

a An illegible inscription in Saxon characters: Blight.

[A block of tin, found at Trereife and now in Penzance Museum, has upon it a (supposed) mercantile mark, made up of a cross with various additions, and of three Greek letters, viz. els (Archeol. Journal for Dec. 1866, XXIII. 284–286).]

APPENDIX C.

OF LEGENDARY LIVES OF CORNISH SAINTS A.D. 700-1000;

ALSO OF CORNISH MONASTERIES.

Of Legendary Lives of Cornish Saints of this period there are none extant. Even in the time of William of Malmesbury (G. P. A. II., speaking of S. Rumon the tutelary saint of Tavistock), there was the evidence in Rumon's case of a splendid tomb, but "nulla scriptorum fides assistit opinioni;" in that, "non solum ibi, sed in multis locis Angliæ, invenies violentia hostilitatis abolitam omnem gestorum notitiam, nuda sanctorum nomina, et si quæ prætendunt miracula sciri."

I. Of British Cornish Saints (setting aside those who went to Brittany) there are only,―

1. Lives quoted by Leland, but not now extant, as of S. Ia, V. (Leland, Itin. III. 11), of S. Breaca, V., S. Wymerus, and S. Elwinus (Id., ib. p. 5), of S. Maw (Id., ib. p. 19), of S. Sativola (Id., ib. p. 49); and,—

2. Articles of purely modern compilation, on S. Buriena, V., in the Actt. SS. (May, vol. VII. p. 37), and on S. Columba, V. et M. (Ib., March, vol. II. p. 427)a.

II. Of Saxon Cornish Saints there are Lives of S. Neot, who died it is said A.D. 877, at S. Neot's in Cornwall, "in qua S. Gueryr requiescit et nunc etiam S. Neotus ibidem pausat” (Asser, M.H.B. 484), which are of 11th to 13th centuries (see Hardy, 539-548), the passage from the Vita S. Neoti quoted in Asser's present text being an interpolation (Petrie upon Asser, M.H.B. 480). See also Gorham's Hist. and Antiq. of Eynesbury and S. Neot.

a For lists of "nuda Sanctorum nomina," belonging to Cornwall, see William of Worcester, etc. as quoted above p. 150, note*, Leland's Collectanea, and the list of dedications of Cornish churches at the end of Oliver's Monast. Exon.

"Hucarus Levita," who is alleged by Leland to have composed a volume of homilies, and to have prefixed to them Egbert's Excerptiones, i. e. either the set of extracts printed under that title

.

by Wilkins or that abstracted by Johnson (see in the Preface to the present volume) which contain some of the Frank Capitularies (see Wasserschleben, Bussordn. etc., Geschichte etc. p. 45), or some similar compilation, and who therefore must be dated not earlier than the 9th century, speaks of himself as coming "ex ultimis Cornugalliæ partibus" (Leland, De Script. Brit. 168, 169); to which Leland adds that he belonged to S. Germain's. Bale dates him in 1040.

[OF LEGENDARY LIVES OF CORNISH SAINTS; AND OF CORNISH MONASTERIES.]

There is no record of the foundation of Cornish British Monasteries. S. Germain's, and Petrockstowe a, both in due time Augustinian, were clearly of early British origin (see also Leland, Coll. I. 75; Dugd., Mon. II. 461, 468; Oliver's Monast. Exon. pp. 1 sq., 15 sq.). And (the Devonshire) Tavistock, Benedictine, was as clearly Saxon, founded by Duke Ordgar who died A.D. 971 (Id., ib. pp. 89 sq., Flor. Wig. in an. 971). S. Burian's Collegiate Church is assigned to Athelstan c. A.D. 936 (Id., ib. pp. 6 sq.; Kemble, C. D. 1143; Exeter Domesd. fol. 121). Of the others, there apparently existed before the Norman Conquest, but whether of British date or not does not appear, the (Augustinian) monastery of Launceston (Exeter Domesd. fol. 93; Leland, Coll. I. 76, Itin. II. 79; Dugd., Mon. IV. 210), the Collegiate Churches of S. Carantoc and Perranzabuloe (Exeter Domesd. fol. 187, 188-190), and the Prebendal Church of S. Probus (Exeter Domesd. fol. 187 and see Oliver, as above quoted, pp. 21 sq., 54 sq., 59 sq., 71 sq.). To which Eadward the Confessor added a Benedictine monastery on S. Michael's Mount (Charter from S. Michael's Mount in France, in Dugd. Mon. VI. 989; and Oliver, as above, pp. 28 sq.).

a King Eadred's grant to S. Petroc's, of Newton, co. Devon, A.D. 946 × 955, is recited and confirmed by Henry III. A.D. 1272 (Cart. 57

Hen. III. m. 9, printed in Oliver's Monasticon).
Æthelstan's
's grant of the same land to the same
monastery (see Pedler, p. 167), is fictitious.

APPENDIX D.

PLACE OF ORIGINAL CORNISH SEE OR SEES.

In A.D. 664, and until Saxon encroachment had absorbed, first, Somerset, and then Devon, and shut up the Cornish west of the Tamar, there were, almost certainly, more Bishops than one in Cornwall, or at least in Dyfnaint or Damnonia (see above, p. 124). Nor is it impossible, that a Bishopric of Congresbury should have once existed in British hands, although certainly not so late as the middle of the 8th century (see above, p. 150). See also the conjecture hazarded above on p. 676 respecting Bishop "Mancant," as late as A.D. 932. The historical evidence to the locality of this see (or sees) is as follows::

1. A.D. 833-870, there was a Cornish see at "Dinnurrin," in a
monastery there, "in gente Cornubia" (Kenstec's Profession,
above on p. 674); conjecturally = "Dingerein," and in that case
the seat of the residence of the (British and Christian) King of
Cornwall, but of which nothing more definite is known (assuming
this identity) than that it was a sea-port: a description applicable
in the same degree, and actually alike applied, to both S. Ger-
main's and Petrockstowe or Bodmin (see above, p. 674, note b).
2. During the 9th century at the latest (Saxon ecclesiastical neighbour-
hood having so far influenced the document as to introduce into
it the name of Gregory the Great, but leaving still S. Germanus
as the patron saint, and the remembrance of Vortigern as the
predominant historical feeling), and possibly even in the 8th
century (the undoubted date of documents and tracts bound up
in the same MS.), the fragment of the Missa S. Germani, printed
above (p. 696), supplies us with a British name for (certainly)
S. Germain's, viz. Llanaledh (of which no explanation suggests
itself, unless that the name indicates a connection with Ire-
land); and this name is different from Dinnurrin or Dingerein,
although it may of course have been only the (so to say) eccle-
siastical name for that place. Nor does the fragment necessarily
even imply that there was then a Bishop at S. Germain's.

3. Upon the conquest of Cornwall by Æthelstan, Leland quotes, charta donat. Æthelstani," that the Saxon King "erexit in Eccle

ex

[PLACE OF ORIGINAL CORNISH SEE OR SEES.]

siam S. Germani Conanum Episcopum Anno Domini 936," or "926:" which would be conclusive for S. Germain's, were it not possible that Leland merely meant the see of Cornwall, and called it by the designation which really and certainly belonged to it during the last century of the Saxon period. The original charter, which would have determined the question, is unfortunately not extant. 4. The Bodmin manumissions of A.D. 941-1043 (above, pp. 676-683) do not prove the assumption, that the see was at Petrockstowe (distinctly identified by them with Bodmin and not Padstow) down to Bishop Burhwold inclusive (A.D. 1016-1035 or 1043), inasmuch as the choice of Bodmin for these manumissions does not exclude the possibility of other manumissions contemporaneously at S. Germain's, and was not necessarily determined to the Episcopal cathedral or monastery, nor does the presence of the Bishop's steward at Bodmin (p. 680, no. XXXI.) in any way prove that place to have been the Bishop's see. Both circumstances however do make it likely that the see was in some sense at Bodmin during these manumissions (viz. from at least about A.D. 941). But under Bishop Burhwold, A.D. 1016, whose see was certainly at S. Germain's, the circumstance that he did not-although Duke Ethelweard, on the same occasion, did—come from "Lyskerruyt,” i. e. Liskeard, to Bodmin to confirm a manumission (p. 679, no. XX.), destroys any special evidence for Bodmin, altogether.

5. The Welsh Chronicles however (above, p. 683) are said to add to the statement of the Danish destruction of Petrockstowe A.D. 981, as given by the Anglo-Sax. Chron. and Flor. Wig., an express assertion that the Cornish see was on that account and then removed from Petrockstowe to S. Germain's :-which would be conclusive, if it could be trusted.

6. The Charter of Ethelred to Bishop Ealdred A.D. 994 (above, p. 684) expressly subjects S. Petroc's to S. Germain's, and is supposed to imply that it had once not been subject to it, but was so in 994. 7. The Charter of Cnut to Bishop Burhwold in A.D. 1018 (above, p. 686) distinctly implies that the see was then at S. Germain's. 8. The Charter of Eadward the Confessor to Bishop Leofric A.D. 1050, transferring the united sees from Crediton to Exeter (above, p. 691), describes the Cornish see as having been "olim in beati Germani memoria atque Petroci veneratione."

9. William of Malmesbury (G. P. A. II. De Episc. Cridiens. etc.),—by whose time the question had become uncertain,—tells us, that