A History of Greece: From the Earliest Times to the Roman Conquest, with ... - William Smith - Google Libros

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of the Greeks. 11. Homeward march of Xerxes. § 12. The Greeks

celebrate their victory. 13. Carthaginian expedition to Sicily. Defeat

and death of Hamilcar .

BATTLES OF PLATEA AND MYCALE.

1. Position of the Persian and Greek fleets. 2. Preparations of Mar-

donius for the campaign. § 3. He solicits the Athenians to join him.

Faithlessness of the Spartans. 4. Mardonius occupies Athens. Athenian

embassy to Sparta. March of the Spartan army. § 5. Mardonius retires

into Boeotia: followed by the Grecian army. Skirmishes. § 6. The

Greeks descend into the plain. Manœuvres of the two armies. § 7. Alex-

ander, king of Macedon, visits the Grecian camp. The Greeks resolve to

change their ground: their disorderly retreat. 8. Battle of Platea.

Defeat of the Persians. 9. Division of the spoil. 10. Reduction of

Thebes, and execution of the Theban leaders. 11. Death of Aristodemus.

12 League of Platea. Religious ceremonies. 13. Battle of Mycalé.

Defeat of the Persians. 14. Liberation of the Greek islands. § 15.

Siege and capture of Sestos.

HISTORY OF LITERATURE.

§ 1. General characteristics. § 2. Simonides. § 3. Pindar. § 4. Ibycus

and Bacchylides. 5. Rise of history and of composition in prose. § 6.

Hecatæus, Charon of Lampsacus, Hellanicus. § 7. Herodotus. § 8.

Character of his work. Analysis. 9. Predilection of Herodotus for

Athens. 10. Style of his work

THE ATHENIAN SUPREMACY AND THE

PELOPONNESIAN WAR.

FROM THE EXPULSION OF THE PERSIANS TO THE DEATH OF

1. Further proceedings against the Persians. §2. Misconduct and treason
of Pausanias. § 3. The maritime supremacy transferred to the Athenians.
§ 4. Confederacy of Delos. § 5. The combined fleet under Cimon. § 6.
Growth of the Athenian power. Plans of Themistocles. 7. Rebuilding
of Athens. The Lacedæmonians attempt to prevent its being fortified.
§ 8. Fortification of Piræus. 9. Strife of parties at Athens. Miscon
duct of Themistocles. 10. He is ostracised. 11. Pausanias convicted

of Medism. § 12. Themistocles implicated in his guilt. He escapes into

Asia. 13. He is magnificently received by Artaxerxes. His death and

character. 14. Death of Aristides

RISE AND GROWTH OF THE ATHENIAN EMPIRE. FROM THE BATTLE

OF EURYMEDON TO THE THIRTY YEARS' TRUCE WITH SPARTA.

. Cimon leader of the aristocratical party at Athens. 2. Revolt of

Naxos. 3. Battle of Eurymedon. § 4. The Athenians blockade Thasos,

and attempt to found colonies in Thrace. § 5. Earthquake at Sparta and

revolt of the Helots 6. Decline of Spartan power. 97. Cimon assists

the Spartans to suppress the revolt, but without success. The Spartans

offend the Athenians by dismissing their troops. 8. Parties at Athens.

Character of Pericles. 9. Attack upon the Areopagus. 10. Ostra-

cism of Cimon. § 11. Administration and foreign policy of Pericles.

§ 12. Expedition of the Athenians into Egypt against the Persians.

§ 13. Hostilities with Corinth and Ægina. Defeat of the Corinthians at

Megara. § 14. The long walls of Athens commenced. § 15. The Lace-

dæmonians march into Boeotia. Battle of Tanagra. § 16. Recall of

Cimon. 17. Battle of Enophyta, and conquest of Boeotia. Conquest

of Ægina. § 18. The five years' truce. Expedition of Cimon to Cyprus.

His death. 19. Conclusion of the war with Persia. 20. The Athe-

nian power at its height. § 21. Decline of Athenian power. Revolution

in Boeotia. Other Athenian reverses. Invasion of Attica by the Lacedæ-

monians under Pleistoanax. § 22. Pericles recovers Eubœa. Thirty

years' truce with Sparta

FROM THE THIRTY YEARS' TRUCE TO THE WAR BETWEEN CORINTH

1. State of parties at Athens. Thucydides. § 2. Opposite political views,

3. Ostracism of Thucydides. Administration of Pericles. He adorns

Athens. His foreign policy 4. Athenian colonization. Cleruchiæ.

Thurii and Amphipolis. § 5. Nature of the Athenian maritime empire.

Amount of tribute. Oppressions. 6. Revolt of Samos. Reduction of

the island by Pericles

CAUSES OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR.

1. Quarrel between Corinth and Corcyra. § 2. Corcyræan embassy to

Athens. Decision of the Athenians. § 3. They send a fleet to Corcyra.

Naval engagements. Defeat of the Corinthians. § 4. Revolt of Potidea.

5. Congress of the Peloponnesian allies at Sparta. The Spartans decide

for war. 6. Second congress. The allies resolve upon war. 7. The

Lacedæmonians require the Athenians to expel Pericles. § 8. Attacks

upon Pericles, Aspasia, and Anaxagoras. Imprisonment and death of

Phidias. 9. Further requisitions of the Lacedæmonians. Rejected by

the Athenians. 10. The Thebans surprise Platæa. § 11. The Athe-

nians prepare for war. Portents. 12. Forces of the Lacedæmonians

and Athenians. § 13. The Peloponnesian army assembles at the isthmus

PELOPONNESIAN WAR.-FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE WAR TO

THE CAPTURE AND DESTRUCTION OF PLATEA.

1. The Peloponnesians invade Attica. 2. Athenian naval expeditions to

Peloponnesus and Locris. § 3. The Athenians invade the Megarid. § 4.

Second invasion of Attica. Plague at Athens. § 5. Unpopularity of

Pericles. He is accused of malversation. § 6. His domestic misfortunes.

Death. Character. 7. The Lacedæmonians ravage Attica. Their naval

operations. 8. Surrender of Potidea. 9. The Lacedæmonians besiege

Platea. 10. Part of the garrison escape. § 11. Surrender of the town.

Trial and execution of the garrison

PELOPONNESIAN WAR CONTINUED.-FROM THE SIEGE OF PLATEA TO

THE SEDITION OF CORCYRA.

§ 1. General character of the war. § 2. Military and naval operations of the

third year. Attempt of the Peloponnesians to surprise Piræus. §3. Fourth

year. Revolt of Mytilené. § 4. Fifth year. Surrender of Mytilené. § 5.

Debates of the Athenian assembly respecting the Mytileneans. Cleon and

the Athenian demagogues. § 6. Bloody decree against the Mytileneans.

§ 7. Second debate. Reversal of the decree. Lesbos colonized by Athe-

nians. 8. Civil dissensions at Corcyra. § 9. Picture of the times by

CHAPTER XXVIII.

PELOPONNESIAN WAR CONTINUED. FROM THE SEDITION AT CORCYRA

TO THE PEACE OF NICIAS.

§ 1. Sixth year of the war. Return of the Plague. Purification of Delos.

§ 2. Seventh year. Fortification of Pylus. 3. Attempts of the Lacedæ-

monians to recover Pylus. § 4. Arrival and victory of the Athenian fleet.

Blockade of Sphacteria. 5. The Lacedæmonians sue for peace at Athens.

Extravagant demands of Cleon. § 6. Renewal of hostilities. §7. Debates

in the Assembly. Cleon elected general. § 8. Capture of Sphacteria.

9. Advantages of the victory. §10. Proceedings at Corcyra. Slaughter

of the oligarchs. 11. Eighth year of the war. Capture of Cythera.

12. Invasion of the Megarid and Boeotia by the Athenians. Capture of

Nisæa, the port of Megara. Defeat of the Athenians at the battle of

Delium. 13. Brasidas in Thrace. Takes Amphipolis. Banishment of

Thucydides. 14. Ninth year of the war. A truce between Sparta and

Athens. The war continued in Thrace. 15. Tenth year of the war.

Cleon proceeds to Amphipolis. His defeat and death. Death of Brasi-

das. 16. Eleventh year of the war. Fifty years' peace between Athens

and Sparta.....

PELOPONNESIAN WAR CONTINUED. FROM THE PEACE OF NICIAS TO THE

EXPEDITION OF THE ATHENIANS TO SICILY.

1. League of Argos, Corinth, Elea, Mantinea, and Chalcidicé. § 2. Trans-

actions between Sparta and Athens. § 3. Policy and character of Alcibi-

ades. 4. He advocates a league with Argos. Resorts to a strategem to

procure it. 5. Alcibiades victor at Olympia. His magnificence. § 6.

He proceeds to Peloponnesus. 7. Proceedings of the Lacedæmonians.

Battle of Mantinea. § 8. Revolutions at Argos. A democracy estab-

lished. 9. Conquest of Melos by the Athenians. § 10. Intervention of

the Athenians in Sicily. 11. Embassy of the Egestæans. They deceive

the Athenians respecting their wealth. § 12. The Athenians resolve on

an expedition to Sicily. § 13. Preparations at Athens. Popular delusion.

14. Mutilation of the Hermæ. Accusation of Alcibiades. 15. Depart-

ure of the Athenian fleet for Sicily.

PELOPONNESIAN WAR CONTINUED. THE SICILIAN EXPEDITION.

§ 1. Armament mustered at Corcyra. 2. Its reception in Italy. Proceed-

ings at Syracuse. 3. Plans of the Athenian generals. 4. The advice

of Alcibiades adopted. He gains over Naxos and Catana. § 5. Proceed-

ings at Athens respecting the mutilation of the Hermæ, and the profanation

of the mysteries. § 6. Alcibiades accused, and ordered to return to Athens.

7. Proceedings of Nicias in Sicily. 8. Preparations of the Sicilians

for defence. 9. Nicias lays siege to Syracuse. § 10. He seizes Epipolæ

and constructs a fort at Syké. Attempt of the Syracusans against it. § 11.

Arrival of the Spartan general Gylippus. Change in the Athenian pros-

pects. 12. Invasion of Attica by the Lacedæmonians. They fortify De-

celia. 13. The Syracusans defeat the Athenians at sea. § 14. Demos-

thenes and Eurymedon arrive in Sicily with reinforcements. Reverses.

The Athenians resolve to retreat. § 15. Naval engagement in the Great

Harbor. Victory of the Syracusans. 16. Its effects. Disastrous retreat

of the Athenians. Surrender of Demosthenes. § 17. Surrender of Nicias.

Treatment of the prisoners. Death of Nicias and Demosthenes. 18.

Their characters.
332

FROM THE END OF THE SICILIAN EXPEDITION TO THE OVERTHROW OF

THE FOUR HUNDRED AT ATHENS.

Measures for defence.

1. Consternation and hardships at Athens. § 2.

63. Revolt of Chios, Erythræ, and Clazomenæ. 4. Spread of the re

volt. Defection of Teos, Lesbos, and Miletus. Revolution at Samos

which becomes the head-quarters of the Athenian fleet. § 5. Recovery of

Lesbos by the Athenians. Dissatisfaction of the Lacedæmonians with

Tissaphernes. § 6. Schemes of Alcibiades. § 7. He proposes a league

between the Athenians and Persians, and the establishment of an oligarchy

at Athens. 8. Agitation for an oligarchy at Athens. 9. Conference of

Pisander with Alcibiades. Artifices of the latter. Fresh treaty between

Tissaphernes and the Lacedæmonians. § 10. Progress of the oligarchical

conspiracy at Athens and Samos. 11. Establishment of the Four Hund-

red. 12. Their proceedings. 13. Proceedings at Samos. Alcibiades

joins the democracy there. § 14. The Athenian envoys at Samos. § 15.

Dissensions among the Four Hundred. They negotiate with Sparta. § 16,

Counter revolution at Athens. Defeat of the Athenian fleet and capture of

Euboea by the Lacedæmonians. 17. The Four Hundred deposed and

democracy re-established at Athens

FROM THE FALL OF THE FOUR HUNDRED AT ATHENS TO THE BATTLE

§ 1. State of the belligerents. § 2. Defeat of the Peloponnesians at Cynos.

sema. 3. Capture of Cyzicus by the Athenians, and second defeat of

the Peloponnesians at Abydus. § 4. Arrest of Alcibiades by Tissaphernes,

and his subsequent escape. Signal defeat of the Peloponnesians at Cyzi-

cus. 5. The Athenians masters of the Bosporus. The Lacedæmonians

propose a peace, which is rejected. § 6. Pharnabazus assists the Lacedæ-

monians. 7. Capture of Chalcedon and Byzantium by the Athenians.

§ 8. Return of Alcibiades to Athens. 9. He escorts the sacred proces-

sion to Eleusis. § 10. Cyrus comes down to the coast of Asia. Lysan-

der appointed commander of the Peloponnesian fleet. § 11. Interview

between Cyrus and Lysander. § 12. Alcibiades at Samos. Defeat of

Antiochus at Notium. § 13. Alcibiades is dismissed. § 14. Lysander

superseded by Callicratidas. Energetic measures of the latter. § 15. De-

feat of Conon at Mytilené, and investment of that town by Callicratidas.

§ 16. Excitement at Athens, and equipment of a large fleet. § 17. Battle

of Arginusæ. Defeat and death of Callicratidas. § 18. Arraignment

and condemnation of the Athenian generals. 19. Re-appointment of

Lysander as Navarchus. § 20. Siege of Lampsacus, and battle of Ægos-

CHAPTER XXXIII.

FROM THE BATTLE OF EGOSPOTAMI TO THE OVERTHROW OF THE

THIRTY TYRANTS AND THE RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF DEMOCRACY AT

1. Alarm at Athens. 2. Proceedings of Lysander. Capture of the

Athenian dependencies. 3. Measures of the Athenians. Athens in.

vested. 4. Embassy of Theramenes. Conditions of capitulation. § 5.

Lysander takes possession of Athens. Destruction of the long walls, &c.

6. Return of the oligarchical exiles. Establishment of the Thirty.

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