WHEN about going to press, we received the sad news of the death of our friend Dr. Arthur C. Burnell, which took place at his residence, West Stratton, Micheldever, on the night of the 12th of October. Dr. Burnell retired from the Indian Civil Service in consequence of suffering from an insidious disease, from which he had vainly sought relief at various Continental watering-places; he might, however, have lived for some years longer, had he not caught a cold which culminated in inflammation of the lungs, which his debilitated state prevented him from successfully combating. A memoir of Dr. Burnell by his friend Dr. R. Rost may be expected very shortly, and when it has appeared, we may have occasion to refer to it; but in the mean time we think we cannot do better than reproduce Col. H. Yule's sympathetic tribute to the memory of his departed friend, which appeared in the Times of October 20th:"The first column of The Times of Monday announced the death of Dr. Arthur Burnell, at the early age of 42. The name is not widely known to an English public, but his loss will be lamented by Oriental scholars all over Europe. It may be safely said that he was the most eminent scholar whose name has stood on the list of the Indian services for many years past. He was born in 1840, the son of the late Arthur Burnell, of the East India Company's service, and by his mother's side great-nephew of the late Sir William Coke, Chief Justice of Ceylon. After studying at King's College, London, he passed for the Indian Civil Service in the fourth year of the competitive system, and went to India in the same year (1860). Professor Max Müller, who was one of his examiners, finding that Burnell had taken to Tamil, but knew little of Sanskrit, told the candidate that he would not find Sanskrit a stiffer fence than Tamil, and that he would never know Tamil well without knowing Sanskrit. This remark, as Burnell told the great philologist years afterwards, stuck to him, and made him go at Sanskrit full speed. Till 1868 Burnell held subordinate posts in various districts of the Madras Presidency, from Malabar on the West Coast to Nellore on the East. After two years in Europe, he returned in 1870, to act as District Judge, again in various districts, but longest at Tanjore. At this place also was committed to him the duty of examining the great collection of Sanskrit MSS. in the library of the deceased Maharajah. His intense devotion to study, in addition to his official duties, impaired his health, and, after returning from a short leave to England in 1879, it quite broke down. In 1880 he obtained furlough, and after he had struggled through more than one dangerous illness, his friends began to hope that, though either severe labour, or a return to India, was out of the question, he might still enjoy a fair measure of health and accomplish some literary work. What seemed a happy occasion also favoured him in the grant of a proportionate pension-an exceptional measure, which circumstances led the Indian Government to concede to a few members of the Madras service who had not completed the obligatory period. The Governor in Council (Mr. Grant Duff), in publishing Burnell's retirement, placed on record his regret that the Madras Presidency should be prematurely deprived of the services of so distinguished a scholar.' Some weeks ago, at his house near Micheldever, he caught a cold, which induced inflammation in the lungs. His strength gradually failed, and he died on the night of October 12. He was buried on the 17th, in Micheldever churchyard. The works which are most likely to preserve Burnell's name are the Tanjore Catalogue,' and the Elements of South Indian Palæography.' The library of Tanjore was first brought to notice by an estimable person, who was strongly attached to Burnell, and who preceded him to the tomb by less than a year-viz. Prince Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein, better known of late years as Count Noër. Lord Napier and Ettrick, then Governor of Madras, deputed Burnell in 1871 to report on the library. He found it of much greater importance than had been imagined, and suggested a full catalogue. This he was authorized to undertake. But the task was subject to many interruptions, and was not completed till 1878-9. It was printed by Stephen Austin, of Hertford, in 1880, and fills 203 pages of large quarto size, with 30 pages of indices prepared by another attached friend of Burnell's, Dr. Reinhold Rost, of the India Library. The work represents an enormous mass of dogged and learned labour. It affords a kind of conspectus of the Sanskrit literature of the South of India, and exhibits the important part which was played in the peninsula in the later development of that literature. More has been done, Burnell observes, in this way, in the past 1,000 years in the South than in the North. His South

BURNELL.

Indian Palæography' was originally intended as an introduction to the catalogue. This work, which is of far more general interest than the former, was first published in 1874, and again (much enlarged) in 1878; both editions being printed, and the second beautifully printed, at the Basel Mission Press at Mangalore. Dr. Rost writes that ' Burnell's publications on Hindu law are also striking in their way. His identification of Mádhava and Sáyana (preface to his edition of the Vansá Bráhmana, 1873), though not universally accepted, is one of the most brilliant contributions to Sanskrit literature made in this century.' In his acquaintance with the South Indian vernaculars and their dialects Burnell stood probably unrivalled, or rivalled only by Bishop Caldwell. In the last years of his life Burnell took great interest in the history and literature of Portaguese India, and collected many valuable books on the subject, which would probably (had life been spared) have formed the foundation of interesting work. Preliminary works of love in this connexion were a reprint (1881) for few friends only, in very handsome form, of the excessively rare and curious Letter written in 1505 by King Emmanuel of Portugal to Ferdinand of Castille, giving an account of the Portuguese discoveries and conquests in the Indies, and a Tentative List of Books and some MSS. relating to the History of the Portuguese in India Proper' (Mangalore, 1880). Burnell was a lover of books in every kind-be read largely, collected largely, lent liberally, and spent largely upon them. He has left more than one task incomplete, including an annotated edition of Linschoten's Voyages, for the Hakluyt Society. Of this about two-thirds of the first (or East Indian) part are in type. Another is the Dis cursive Glossary of Indian Colloquial Terms,' advertised by Mr. Murray. This a joint undertaking with a friend, bad been the occasional occupation of both for many years, and his part in it had been pretty well completed. The circle of Burnell's intimates was not large, but where he gave his friendship it was given very heartily and generously. There remains but to add that the University of Strasburg some years ago conferred on him the degree of Ph.D. in honour of his Indian Palæography,' which he acknowledged by dedicating to the Philosophical Faculty there the second edition. In 1880 the Viceroy (Lord Lytton) gave him the Companionship of the Indian Empire."

Subjoined will be found a list of Dr. Burnell's literary labours.

1. Dâyavibhaga. The Law of Inheritance from the pub lished Sanskrit Text of the Vyavahārakāṇḍa of the Midhaviya Commentary on the Paraçarasmriti. Roy, bro. Madras, 1868.

2. Catalogue of a Collection of Sanskrit MSS. Part I. Vedic MSS. With many Extracts. Fcap. 8vo. London,

1869.

3. A few Suggestions as to the best way of making and utilizing Copies of Indian Inscriptions. 8vo. Madras,

1870.

4. The Law of Partition and Succession from the MS. Sanskrit Text of Varadarāja's Vyavahāranirṇaya. Roy. 8vo. Mangalore, 1872.

5. Specimens of S. Indian Dialects (consisting of versions of the Parable of the Sower, St. Matthew xiii. 1-34). With grammatical and ethnographical Introductions, by A. B. Square 16mo.

No. 1. In the Konkani spoken by the R. Catholics of 8. Canara, pp. xii. and 15. Mangalore, 1872. Second edition, pp. 21. 1873. 2. In the Dialect of Malayalam spoken by the Map pilas of S. Canara and of Amindivi (Laccadive) Islan In the Mappila-Arabic characters and in Lepsius Standard Alphabet. pp. xxvi. and 19. Do. 1873. 3. In the Kodagu (Coorg) Language, by the Rev. F. Kittel. pp. v. and 10. Do. 1873.

4. In the Tanjore Dialect of Tamil. pp. 12. Tranquebar, 1876.

5. In the Language of the Todas (Nīlagiri Hills), by the Rev. F. Metz. pp. 14. Do. 1873.

6. In the Dialect of Canarese spoken by the Badaras

of the Nilagiri Hills, by the same. pp. 10. Do. 1873.

7. In the Dialect of Konkani spoken by the Sarasvat

Brahmans of S. Canara.

8. In the Kundapur Dialect of Canarese.

No. 9. Ethnography of the S. W. Frontier of the Aryan and Dravidian Races (Map). 1873.

10. In the Tanjore Tamil, Brahman Dialect. pp. 12. Tranquebar, 1877.

6. The Samavidhâna Brâhmaṇa of the Sâma Veda, edited with the Commentary of Sayana, an English Translation, Introduction and Indexes. Vol. I. containing the Text with an Introduction. 8vo. London, 1873.

7. The Vamçabrâhmaṇa of the Sâma Veda, with an Introduction on Sayana's Life and Works, his Commentary and an Index. 8vo. Mangalore, 1873.

8. The Devatâdhyâyabrahmana of the Sâma Veda, with Sayana's Commentary, Index, etc. 1873.

9. On some Pahlavi Inscriptions in S. India. Roy. 4to. pp. 16, and 3 Plates. Mangalore, 1873.

10. Elements of S. Indian Palæography. Roy. 4to. with a Map and 32 Plates. Mangalore, 1874.

Do. Do. 2nd edition. 1878.

11. Dâyadaçaçloki, with Translation. Roy. 8vo. Mangalore, 1875.

12. On the Aindra School of Sanskrit Grammarians. Roy. 8vo. pp. viii. and 120. Mangalore, 1875.

13. The Arsheyabrâhmana of the Sâma Veda, with Extracts from Sayana's Commentary, an Introduction, and Index of Words. pp. li. and 107. 8vo. Mangalore, 1876. 14. The Samhitopanishadbrâhmaṇa of the Sâma Veda, with an anonymous Commentary, etc. pp. xx. 49, and xiii. Do. 1877.

15. A Legend from the Jalavahāra, or Jaiminiya Brāhmaṇa. 16mo. pp. 10. 1878.

16. The Jaiminiya Text of the Arsheyabrâhmaņa. pp. xxi. and 30. Mangalore, 1878.

In

17. Riktantravyakarana, a Prâtiçakhya of the Sâma Veda. Part I. containing Text, with Introduction and Indexes. 12mo. pp. lviii. and 84. Mangalore, 1879. 18. A Classified Index to the Sanskrit MSS. in the Palace at Tanjore. Prepared for the Madras Government. 4to. Part I. pp. iv. and 80. Vedic and Technical Literature. Part II. pp. iv. and 80. Philosophy and Law. 1879. Part III. Drama, Epics, Puranas and Tantras, Indices. London, 1880.

19. A Tentative List of Books and some MSS. Relating to the History of the Portuguese in India proper. 8vo. pp. vi. and 133. Mangalore, 1880.

Only 12 copies printed.

Extract from the Preface.

"I have attempted here to give an alphabetical list of the writers on the history of the Portuguese in India and the connected matters. My object in printing a few copies of the following pages is as follows:-In the course of twenty years' studies relating to India, I found that the history of the Portuguese had been shamefully neglected. Robertson (probably Raynal) already pointed out in the last century our immense debt to the Portuguese: It is to the discovery of the passage to India. and to the vigour and success with which the Portuguese prosecuted their conquests and established their dominions there, that Europe has been indebted for its preservation from the most illiberal and humiliating servitude that ever oppressed polished nations.' In attempting to get better information, I found that the true history of the Portuguese in India furnishes most important guidance for the present day, and that the assertions commonly made about it are utterly false, especially in regard to the ecclesiastical history. To collect this information it cost me so much labour and expense, that some friends interested in the subject ex

pressed a wish to know where to find it; for them I print the following pages.

"The Portuguese bibliographical works are at once very scarce, very dear, and very troublesome to use, as the names are arranged according to the first Christian name of the writer. I have here put all in the usual and convenient order followed in other countries, and made such additions as several years' reading have brought to my notice.

"This list is, then, chiefly compiled from the books themselves and where that was not possible, from :- Barbosa-Machado Bibliotheca Lusitana,'Bibliotheca scriptorum Societatis Jesu,' 'Figanière Bibliographia historica Portugueza,' 'Ossinger Bibliotheca Augustiniana, Pinelo Bibliotheca Oriental,' 3 vols., Silva Diccionario Bibliographico Portuguez,' 7 vols., Sousa Bibliotheca historica,' 'Ternaux Compans, Bibliothèque Asiatique,' Tiele Mémoire.'

"All these books contain much the same entries, but one often mentions books both printed and MSS., which are not noticed by the others. I have also used booksellers' catalogues, and especially those of Mr. B. Quaritch, with advantage; also Watt, Brunet's Manual du Libraire,' etc., Salva's 'Catalogo,' and J. L. Whitney's Catalogue of the Ticknor Collection.' I much regret not having been able to use Quelif's and Echard's 'Scriptores ordinis Predicatorum.' "Lord Stanley of Alderley has given very full indications of authorities in his prefaces to his publications (for the Hakluyt Society),

which have been of much use to me.

"The following pages are, I believe, the first attempts of the kind; the books I have referred to abound in obvious errors of many kinds which I have sometimes been able to correct, but have often been obliged to leave as I found them. I cannot have failed to have added others of my own, but, I trust, not many.

"As regards MSS., I have entered a select few only; the abolition of the monasteries of the Peninsula must have caused the loss of most mentioned.-Tanjore, 1880.-A. B."

Dr. Burnell published in the year 1876 at his own expense Beschi (C. J.) Clavis humaniorum litterarum sublimioris Tamulici idiomatis. Sm. 4to. Tranquebar.

He had been engaged together with Col. H. Yule, C.B., for some time in the compilation of "A Glossary of Anglo-Indian Terms," which was announced a short time ago as ready for publication, and it is to be hoped that Dr. Burnell's death will cause no further delay. He left the complete Manuscript of his "Translation of the Laws of Manu," which will appear in "Trübner's Oriental Series." He contemplated the following works, of which we do not know how far his labour had progressed, and whether there is any likelihood of their ever being put before the public:

The Shadimçabrâhmana of the Sâma Veda with Sāyaṇa's Commentary, an English Translation, etc.

The Sarasvativilâsa on Inheritance, translated into English. The Law of Strîdhana considered historically. The Religions and Philosophies of the South of India, being an attempt to trace these systems to their native and foreign sources, as also the causes of the spread of N. Indian civilization among the Dravidian and Polynesian races.

A History of the Portuguese in India from original sources. Dr. Burnell was received amongst the Positivists in 1878; he was to have come to London in August last, to have received the Sacrament of Humanity, according to the rites of the Positive religion, but was too feeble to leave his country residence for that purpose. He printed at his own expense for distribution amongst Positivists the following two works:

Hippocrates on Airs, Waters, and Places. The received Greek Text of Littré, with Latin, French, and English Translations by Eminent Scholars. London, Privately Printed, 1881. Adam Smith on the Principles which Lead and Direct Philosophical Enquiries, Illustrated by the History of Astronomy. Mangalore, Basel Mission Press, 1880.

THE MISSING EXPEDITION. journey the party seem to have got separated from their baggage train, which was rumoured to have been attacked, but it seems not improbable that Professor Palmer had gone on to keep an appointment he had made with the Sheikh of the principal Arab tribes of the Peninsula. That Professor Palmer's companions, Captain Gill and Lieut. Charington, have been murdered, there seems little doubt, from the remains found by Col. Warren, who is said to have also found the remains of a third body. But that does not account for the five persons said to have formed the party. The finding of a truss we attach little weight to, as a traveller on a journey would be likely to take a second one with him in his baggage. Cala'at Nakhl in the Tih, for which place the expedition started from Suez, is described by Professor Palmer as "a wretched square fort in the midst of a glaring desert plain, the picture being backed up with some rather pretty limestone mountains." The inhabitants of this place seem little better than their surroundings, and we should rather credit the murders that have been committed to the Governor of Nakhi and his followers, than to the Bedouins of the interior, amongst whom Professor Palmer had before

travelled in safety. Should it turn out that he has lost his life, it will have been in the service of his country, which can ill afford to spare him, and we hope his wife, whom he married about three years ago, and her two children, besides two by his first wife, will be provided for by the Government. A member of the present Administration, when interrogated by the member for Newcastle, had the assurance to state that Professor Palmer volunteered his services! It is easy to perceive the object which dictated this statement. Prof. Palmer did not volunteer his services, but was specially solicited to render them on a promise that they would be properly requited, and that his family would be provided for if any misfortune befell him on his mission.

In order to show what an astonishing amount of good work Professor Palmer has done, although only forty years of age, we annex a list of his works, but it would be impossible at present to enumerate his contributions to the daily, weekly, monthly, and quarterly press.

PALMER, Prof. E. H., Works and Translations:

Ye Hole in Ye Walle, a Legend of Walthamstowe
Abbey. 4to. 1860. Macmillan & Co.
Oriental Mysticism; Theosophy of the Persians.
12mo. 1867. Bell & Daldy.

Desert of the Exodus. Forty Years' Wanderings.
2 vols. 8vo. 1871. Bell & Daldy.
History of Jerusalem, the City of Herod and Saladin,
by Walter Besant and E. H. Palmer. Crown 8vo.
1871. Bentley.

Catalogue of Arabic, Persian, and Turkish MSS. in
Trin. Coll. Camb. 8vo. 1871. Bell & Daldy.

Grammar of the Arabic Language. 8vo. 1874.
W. H. Allen & Co.

Outlines of Scripture Geography. 12mo. 1874.
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
History of the Jewish Nation from the Earliest
Times. Post 8vo. 1874. S.P.C.K.

PRESENT

THIS work is an attempt to produce a scheme of natural religion expressly from a woman's point of view. The authoress takes for her ultimate basis the principle of Sex, which, as reigning universally throughout nature, she believes to hold sway, by eminence, over the reflectional action of the human mind: whence she infers that a "feminine or religious view of nature needs rightfully to be drawn forth, to serve as naturally-required counterpart to the scientificallyturned speculating of men-thinkers. Thus, having stated, in the first place, the philosophic foundation she accepts from certain teachers among the latter, and having specially adduced in this light the evolutional system of Mr. Spencer,she proceeds, on her own account, on the independent terms of solely personal introspection. And the result ensuing may be thus condensed:-The religious sentiment now attached to our mental nature, with every promise of being permanent there in ever-deepening force, has had from its beginning a uniform import, such as calls for our holding fast by the primal naming of the sentiment and its object, through the established words of "religion" and "God." But the evolutional refinement that has occurred has this two-fold effect:

PALMER, Prof. E. H., Works and Translations, continued. English Gipsy Songs in Romany, with Metrical English Trans. by C. G. Leland, E. H. Palmer, and Janet Tuckey. Post 8vo. 1875. Trübner & Co. Song of the Reed and other Pieces. Post Svo.

1876. Trübner & Co.

A Concise Dictionary of the Persian Language. Square 16mo. 1876. Trübner & Co. Poems of Behà ed Dín Zoheir of Egypt. With a Metrical Translation, Notes, and Introduction, by E. H. Palmer. Crown 4to. Vol. 1. Arabic Text, 1876; Vol. 2. English Translation, 1877. Cambridge University Press.

Lyrical Songs, Idylls, and Epigrams of John Ludvig Runeberg, done into English by Eirikr Magnusso and E. H. Palmer. Fcap. 8vo. 1878. Kegan Paul & Co.

Haroun Alraschid, Caliph of Bagdad. Crown 8vo. 1880. M. Ward & Co.

Sacred Books of the East. Vols. 6 and 9. The Qur'ân. Translated by E. H. Palmer. 2 vols. 8vo. 1880. Clarendon Press.

Arabic Manual, Grammar, Reading Lessons, Exercises, etc. 12mo. 1881. W. H. Allen & Co. Survey of Western Palestine. Arabic and English Name Lists, collected during the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R.E. Translated and Explained by E. H. Palmer. 4to. 1581. Palestine Exploration Fund.

Simplified Grammar of Hindustani. Persian and Arabic. 8vo. 1882. Trübner & Co.

Poems of Hafiz of Shiraz. Translated from the Persian into English Verse, by E. H. Palmer. 1 vol. 8vo. In Preparation. Trübner & Co. A Concise English and Persian Dictionary. Square 16mo. In the Press. Trübner & Co.

RELIGION.*

that it distances Deity from our sphere of knowledge, as much as renders into nearness and clearness our conscicas self-concern with religion. That is, it gives a definite practicalness to religion. Religion now, as ever, remains a binding of the human "soul," individually, with the general "soul" of nature, and our disciplining into obedience to this relation; but this effect is now revealed, it is here assumed, to be alone capable of being secured through a production of religions formulas, of dogmatic kind, such as rightfully shall indeed be consecutive to the main dogmas of Christianity. Religion, namely, must consist wholly for the future, as to its practical or moral side, in the supply of motive to a quasi-scientific regulation over the sphere of our affections; these being naturally divided into the trinity of departments which regard severally our ties of filio-parenthood, of brotherhood, and of sexhood. And this is recognized as amounting to the same thing with giving, henceforth, a wholly-remodelled form, and enhanced strictness, to the institution of Family, as based on a specialized contract of religious kind.

• Present Religion: as a Faith owning Fellowship with Thought. By Sara S. Hennell, author of "Thoughts in Aid of Faith."

STATES OF NORTH AMERICA.* Whilst the "Native Races" brought to our minds as in s mirror a vivid picture of the life and mind, manners and customs, of the indigenous races, the present work, judging from the contents of the first volume (Central Ameria, Vol. I.) will present to us a no less vivid picture of the b sequent History of the Pacific States from the discoveries & Columbus down to the present time. The work is to be onpleted in 25 volumes, of which 3 will be devoted to Central America, 8 to Mexico, 7 to California, 2 to Oregon, and 1 esch to New Mexico and Arizona, Utah and Nevada, Washington. Idaho and Montana, British Columbia and Alaska.

History of the Pacific States of North America. By Hubert H. Bancroft, Vol. 1. Central America, Vol. 1.

AN EPIGRAPHIST TO THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA. We are glad to hear that the Government of India has decided to employ Mr. J. Faithfull Fleet, of the Bombay Civil Service, a pupil of the late Dr. Goldstücker, as epigraphist to the Archæological Surveys. This work was recominended last year by Gen. Cunningham, Director of the

Archmological Survey in the North and East of India, and by Dr. J. Burgess, of the Survey of Western and Southern India, whose representation was supported by the Berlin Congress of Orientalists, and, at the instance of Sir Walter Elliot, by the Royal Asiatic Society. We understand the Secretary of State for India has within the last few days

sanctioned the appointment of Mr. Fleet, whose accurate Sanskrit scholarship is well known-Academy.

PANINI'S SUTRAS.-It is proposed to publish Panini's Eight Books of Grammatical Sutras, edited, and with an English translation by Mr. William Goonetilleke, of Kandy, Ceylon. Volume I. Part I. will be 2s. 6d. to subscribers and 3s. 6d. to non-subscribers. Twelve parts will constitute a volume, and subscribers are expected to pay for all the parts of each volume in advance. Messrs. Trübner & Co. receive subscriptions for the work.

INDIAN LITERATURE.-Mr. Ulrico Hoepli, of Milan, has published a very useful series of Manuals on Science, Literature, and Industry in Italian, the thirty-sixth of which is a very concise and at the same time lucid manual of the literature of India by Prof. Angelo de Gubernatis. This little book will be a reliable guide for Italian students of Oriental classics, and at the same time will give the general Italian student just as much as he wants to know about what has been done and what is doing in this field of knowledge.

KANARESE DYNASTIES.-The Bombay Government Central Press have issued "The Dynasties of the Kanarese Districts from the Earliest Historical Times to the Muhammadan Conquest of A.D. 1318." by Mr. J. F. Fleet, of the Bombay Covenanted Civil Service. etc., etc., which was written for the Bombay Gazetteer. These Dynasties are compiled from the inscriptions which abound in Western India. Mr. Fleet says that the first systematic collection of these inscriptions was made by Sir Walter Elliot, K.C.S.I., who, when in the Madras Civil Service, was employed for a long time in that part of the country. Besides a large number of facsimile impressions of copper-plate grants, of which only a few have as yet been published, he compiled manuscript copies of no less than 595 stone tablet inscriptions from the Kanarese country alone, and in the Sanskrit from the old Kanarese languages, in addition to a large number of others from the Telugu country in the Telugu language.

CUNNINGHAM'S ARCHEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA.— Volume Thirteen of this Survey contains a Report of Tours in the South-Eastern Provinces in 1874-5 and 1875-6, by J. D. Beglar. It deals with the little-known portion of the SouthEastern Provinces between Chhattisgarh and Ratak. There are also some notices of places in Rewa and the Central Provinces on the West, and Orissa on the East. Some of these places were quite unknown archæologically previous to Mr. Beglar's visit, viz. Chandrehi on the Son river in Rewa, Turturia in the Central Provinces, and Ranipur-Jural in the State of Karund. In this latter place is a fine specimen of the Indian Hypoethral Temple, of which only a few now exist. Mr. Beglar also visited the sites of Khandagiri, Udayagiri and Dhauli, where are the famous rock edicts of Asoka. Major Cunningham concludes that Chandrehi and Turturia. with their fine architectural remains, must have belonged to the powerful Kulachari Rajas of Chedi, and not to the aboriginal Gonds who came from the hills.

REPORT ON THE CENSUS OF BERAR, 1881.-The Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, Berar, Eustace J. Kitts, B.C.S., has issued his Report, and it has been printed at the Education Society's Press, Byculla, Bombay. Besides the dry tables of figures, no doubt of great use to the statistician, which form 207 pages of this folio volume, Mr. Kitts has devoted over 200 pages of letterpress to matter of interest to the general reader, treating on the manners, customs, religions, sects, of the castes and tribes of Berar.

PUNJAB ETHNOLOGY. We have received a document printed at the Punjab Government Civil Secretariat Press, Lahore, being a "Memorandum for Guidance in Collecting Ethnological Notes," by Denzil Ibbetson, Esq. The subdivisions of castes and tribes through the Punjab amounts to many thousands, and this memorandum is intended to enable the census enumerators to give more exact information about the origin, religion, superstitions, inheritance, relationship, intermarriage, occupation, social status, sects and trade guilds.

THE PANDIT.-We have received the first part of the continuation of the New Series of the Pandit, which we announced in the last number of our RECORD as preparing for publication. It is an 8vo. of 176 pages, and contains Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Volume IV. The "Pandit," First Series, appeared in June, 1866, and was continued to May 1876, 10 volumes in all. The present series commenced publishing in June, 1876, and was suspended for want of support in July, 1879. For subscription terms see advertisement in this number of our RECORD.

THE BIHARI LANGUAGE.-Messrs. Geo. A. Grierson and A. F. Rudolf Hoernle, of Calcutta. have issued a prospectus of a Comparative Dictionary of the Bíharí language, which is now acknowledged to be a distinct language from Hindi,

and spoken by about sixty millions of people. Trübner and Co. receive subscriptions to this work, which will be in large 4to. size of 1,500 pages, and issued in parts containing 100 pages each at 4s. per part.

FRENCH INDIA. We have received from M. Julien Vinson, Professor of the Hindostani and Tamil languages in L'Ecole Nationale des Langues Orientales Vivantes, two of his pamphlets, one extracted from the " Revue Orientale," entitled "Histoire Religieuse de L'Inde Francais - Une Sainte Civaiste". (A Sivaiste Female Saint). The other is "Discours Prononcé à l'Ouverture des Cours de l'année Scolaire, 1881-2." Both of the above are printed in Paris.

THE DORDRECHT COLLEGE (GYMNASIUM).-We have received the Programme of the Course of Instruction of the Gymnasium for 1882-3, which contains "Al Restis en Sávitri, Mythologie en Poësie," and "De Stroohalm als Rechtssymbool," by Dr. J. S. Warren, the Classical Master of the Gymnasium, Dordrecht, Holland.

THE EASTERN QUESTION.-This is the title of a pamphlet published in Boston, Mass., giving an outline of Mohammedanism, its Rise, Progress, and Decay by Mr. Joseph Schelbut, of Aleppo, an Arab by birth, cousin to the Patriarch of Antioch, and Private Secretary to the Vicar of that city. This little brochure gives a graphic picture of the impressions produced on a native of the far East, where cities have the dullness of cemeteries, when landing in New York, where everything seems full of life and vigour. Mr. Schelbut naturally set to work to discover the causes of these effects, and his researches have led him to the conclusion that the reason of the difference lies in the religions of the East and West, the Mohammedan religion being repressive, non-civilizing, and non-progressive, while the Christian religion is elevating, civilizing, and progressive. He has, we think, however, overlooked one very important factor in the condition of the United States, and that is, that religion as such, or perhaps a better word would be sectarianism, is not allowed any political standing, neither is ignorance. We have yet to learn that Russia, which is a Christian country, shows a marked progress in civilization compared to Turkey. Ignorance is ignorance, be it Christian or Mohammedan, and that is the dragon it requires a St. George to battle with.

LE VENDIDAD.-M. C. de Harlez, of Louvaine, has issued a criticism entitled Un Fragment du Commentaire de M. Darmesteter sur Le Vendidad."

SOUTH AFRICA AND ITS LANGUAGES.-Dr. Theophilus Hahn, the Colonial Philologist at the South African Public Library, delivered an address "On the Science of Language and its Study, with Special Regard to South Africa." The lecture is an interesting review of the subject on which it was delivered, and does not need Dr. Hahn's apology at the commencement for his imperfect knowledge of English, for as a written production it shows an intimate idiomatic knowledge of the English language.

ETHNOLOGY OF THE DOBRUDSCHA.-M. Léon de Rosny, of Paris. last year undertook, under the patronage of the French Government, an ethnographical exploratory journey in Roumania, particularly in the Dobrudscha. He has brought from this journey a considerable number of very important documents, and has himself taken 372 photographs, which will appear shortly in a work he is preparing on this subject. His studies in Roumania and the Turkish and Tartaric portion of the Dobrudscha have enabled him to make an ethnographical map of this interesting district, in which he gives for each town, village, and hamlet, the ethnographical proportions of this very mixed population. Amongst the documents which will figure in this work, we notice the important unpublished outline map of the towns and locality near the mouth of the Danube. The photographs of M. Léon de Rosny are reproduced by the heliographic process, and some are printed in colours. This work, which will be an edition de luxe, is of great interest at the present moment, when Russia claims exclusive control of one mouth of the Danube, in defiance of the Commissions.

PAUL HEYSE.-Among the many remarkable works of Paul Heyse his novel, entitled "Kinder der Welt" (Children of the World) is probably the most remarkable one. It has always been a matter of very great regret to all who have a true knowledge and warm appreciation of the best German literature that the work in question should have been a sealed book to the general English reader who has no knowledge of the German language. It is quite likely that intending translators have hitherto been deterred from undertaking the work by the spirit of intolerance which is still so rife in this island. But a translation has at last appeared in three handsome volumes, published by Chapman & Hall. The book is a living protest against narrow ignorant orthodoxy, and all credit is due

to the translator for thus breaking the cry of Anathema which is sure to be raised by certain circles. A comparison of the translation with the original has convinced us that the translator has produced a most excellent work. He has translated idiom into idiom, and the book reads throughout like an original work. Our hope, indeed we might say our conviction is, that the book will meet with a warm reception from men and women of culture both here and in America.

A VERY ORIGINAL BIBLIOPOLIST.-Some of our readers may remember F. G. Tomlins, the author of some school books and several dramatic volumes. On sorting over our papers, we came across the following anecdote of him, but are unable to credit it to the original source from whence it came. The late Frederick Guest Tomlins, a historian and journalist of repute, concluded, Mr. G. A. Sala tells us, in the autumn of his life that he would set up as a retail bookseller. He proposed to deal chiefly in medieval literature, in which he was profoundly versed. This venture was scarcely successful. A customer entered his shop one day and asked for a particular book, as marked in the catalogue. "I had really no idea that it was there," meditatively remarked Mr. Tomlins, as he ascended a ladder to a very high shelf, and pulled out a squabby little tome. Then he remained about five-and-twenty minutes on the ladder absorbed in the perusal of the volume, when the customer, growing impatient, began to rap on the counter with his stick. Thereupon Mr. F. G. Tomlins came down the ladder. "If you think," he remarked, with calm severity, to the intending purchaser, "that any considerations of vile dross will induce me to part with this rare and precious little volume, you are mistaken. It is like your impudence. Be off with you!"

THE GAELIC UNION.-This Society, which is under the patronage of the Archbishop of Cashel and the Presidency of The O'Conor Don, has for its objects the preservation and cultivation of the Irish language. It proposes to establish and perpetuate a publication and prize fund for the production of books printed in Gaelic for the use of schools, to encourage a familiar use of the language by those who know how to speak it, and to promote the production of a modern Irish literature, original and translated, by offering prizes for competition. The head-quarters of the Union are at 19, Kildare Street, Dublin, and the Honorary Secretary is the Rev. Jas. Nolan, St. Teresa's, Clarendon Street, Dublin. The Society also propose to publish a monthly journal to be called The Gaelic Union Journal.

THE HAMILTON MANUSCRIPTS. It is reported that through the influence of the Crown Prince of Prussia, the Prussian Government have purchased this unique collection of Manuscripts for the sum of seventy-five thousand pounds. It is much to be regretted that this splendid collection was not secured for our National Museum Library. We understand the complete auction catalogue was printed and the entire edition destroyed.

SOCIAL LIFE IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE.-Mr. John Ashton's "Social Life in the Reign of Queen Anne," 2 vols., Chatto and Windus, is an appropriate book in these times of Queen Anne revivals. Mr. Ashton, who some time ago gave to the public an important work recording a literature now died out, that of "Chap Books." has done full justice to the subject he has now taken up. We must however own that we prefer the times we live in, and would not change for those of Queen Anne, even if we were to lose again some of the comforts and artistic utilities which we have lately borrowed from her times. Mr. Ashton gives chapters on Childhood, Education, Marriage, Houses, Furniture, Servants, Daily Life. Superstition, the Drama, Crime, Prisons, and in fact on all and everything that goes to make up social life.

OLD PARISH REGISTERS AT HERTFORD. - Mr. W. M. Wood, "reader" at Messrs. Stephen Austin and Sons' Printing Establishment at Hertford, has lately made a transcript of the oldest register belonging to St. Andrew's parish, in that town. The period covered is, roughly, 1560-1650; and there are about 3000 entries, some of them very curious. Mr. Wood is now transcribing the oldest register belonging to the other parish, All Saints', in Hertford. The period covered is about the same as in the case of St. Andrew's; but being a much larger parish, the entries are estimated to number nearly 8000. Both registers are in good preservation, with the exception of a few paper leaves in that of All Saints'.

THE GROWTH OF INTELLECT.-Dr. R. M. Bucke, the Superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario, read a paper at the annual meeting of the Association of Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane held at Cincinnati in May and June, 1882, which was published in the American Journal of Insanity for July, 1882,

on "The Growth of the Intellect." Dr. Bucke's article is a very suggestive and thoughtful one, and is on the growth of the conglomerate intellect, or that of the "grand-man;" he shows that the intellect of the species grows in the same manner as that of the individual by "concepts," and shows that this is proved by language, each concept needing a word to convey it to others. As an illustration Dr. Bucke takes the concept of colour; he takes for granted that the earliest race of man was only conscious of one, and later on of two, red and black. When the Rig Veda was composed, three were recognized, red, yellow, and black, and still later on white and green, but blue is not mentioned once in the Rig Veda, the Zend Avesta, the Homeric Poems, or the Bible; descriptions of the sky are found. but not once any mention of its colour. Dr. Bucke shows that the sense of fragrance was a still later acquirement than the colour sense, as the Book of Genesis states that there were in Paradise all kinds of trees "that were pleasant to the sight and good for food;" whilst the later apocryphal book of Henoch extols the fragrance of the Tree of Knowledge. In the books of the Bible the fragrance of flowers is first mentioned in the "Song of Songs,” a book of comparatively late date.

INDIANS OF THE TIERRA DEL FUEGO.-Dr. Julius Platzmann, the distinguished traveller and botanist, has probably done more than any other man living for the elucidation of American Indian Languages. We have repeatedly Lad occasion to refer in the RECORD to his contributions to American philology, and have now the pleasure of calling the attention of Americanists to his Glossary of the Fuegian language just published at Leipsic under the title of "Glossar der Feuerlandischen Sprache," in a handsome square 8. volume of lvi. and 268 pages. The volume is preceded by an interesting geographical and ethnographical introduction and contains a Fuegian-German and a German-Fuegian vocabulary. In the appendix is found the parable of the Sower in Fuegian, a Nomenclature of some Fuegian plants, and also an article on the distribution of the different kinds of beech trees over the earth. The portrait of a Fuegian, in woodcut, is inserted in the volume, as well as an excellent Map of the southern part of Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego, and of the Falkland Islands. If it is considered that Dr. Platzmann had hardly any more materials to compile his glossaries from than the Gospel of St. Luke, translated into the Jahgin dialect, printed in London in 1881, all the more credit must be given to his patient industry and unflagging enthusiasm. BIBLIOGRAPHY RECENT, SPECIAL, AND GENERALLovers of Goethe will be pleased to see a Bibliographical list of the English translations and annotated editions of Goethe's Faust, compiled by Mr. William Heinemann, which appeared in the August and September numbers of the Bibliographer.-Amongst the Bibliographical contributions edited by Mr. Justin Winsor, and published by the Library of Harvard College, of which we have spoken occasionally, there are two very useful ones issued this year, “A Bibography of Fossil Insects," by Samuel H. Scudder, and "List of American Authors in Geology and Paleontology." by J. D. Whitney.-We note the friends of Mr. F. Leypoldt are endeavouring to procure some little benefit for him by disposing of the rest of "The American Catalogue," of which but very few remain on hand. A circular has been issued appealing to Librarians to patronize this work, if they have not already done so. We consider every large Library at Home and Abroad ought to purchase a copy of this catalogue, because it will not be reprinted, will in time become scarce, and then every copy deposited in a free library would be available for reference when unobtainable by purchase.—“ Rational Classification of Literature" is the title of a pamphlet by Mr. F. B. Perkins, the Librarian of the San Francisc Public Library, giving some useful hints for shelving, and cataloguing books in a library; a new edition has just appeared.-The Librarian of the Providence Public Library issues very useful monthly "Reference Lists" on current topics. "The Suez Canal" appeared in the January Number, and in the Number for July "European Interests in Egypt." The June Number "The Last Years of the Roman Republic," and on "University Education in Germany." "Local Self-Government" is given in the July and Augast Numbers. The volume for 1881 contains thirty-five lists, on biographical, bibliographical, historical, scientific, and other topics which current history has made prominent.

LONGFELLOW AND EMERSON. - The proceedings at the monthly meeting of the Massachusetts Historical Society, held on Thursday, April 13th, 1882, and also those held on Thursday, May 11th, 1882, have appeared as "The Massachusetts Historical Society's Memorial Volume." which contains the addresses and eulogies by Dr. G. E. Ellis, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Charles E. Norton, and others, together with Mr.